CLINICAL HANDBOOK FOR BRUNNER & SUDDARTH’S TEXTBOOK OF Medical-Surgical Nursing 14 TH EDITION

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CLINICAL HANDBOOK FOR BRUNNER & SUDDARTH’S TEXTBOOK OF Medical-Surgical Nursing 14 TH EDITION 2 Publisher: Julie Stegman Executive Editor: Kelley Squazzo Director of Product Development: Je... nnifer K. Forestieri Senior Development Editor: Meredith L. Brittain Editorial Coordinator: Emily Buccieri Design Coordinator: Joan Wendt Production Project Manager: Linda Van Pelt Manufacturing Coordinator: Karin Duffield Prepress Vendor: Aptara, Inc. 14th Edition Copyright © 2018 Wolters Kluwer. Copyright © 2014, 2010, 2008 by Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. Copyright © 2004, 2008 by Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. Copyright © 2008, 2004, 2000 by Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved. This book is protected by copyright. No part of it may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means— electronic, mechanical, photocopy, recording, or otherwise—without prior written permission of the publisher, except for brief quotations embodied in critical articles and reviews and testing and evaluation materials provided by publisher to instructors whose schools have adopted its accompanying textbook. Printed in the United States of America. For information write Wolters Kluwer Health / Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 530 Walnut Street, Philadelphia PA 19106. Materials appearing in this book prepared by individuals as part of their official duties as U.S. Government employees are not covered by the above-mentioned copyright. 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Printed in China. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Names: Complemented by (work): Hinkle, Janice L. Brunner & Suddarth’s textbook of medical-surgical nursing. Title: Clinical handbook for Brunner & Suddarth’s textbook of medical-surgical nursing. Description: 14th edition. | Philadelphia : Wolters Kluwer, [2018] | Includes bibliographical references and index. Identifiers: LCCN 2017031331 | ISBN 9781975102500 Subjects: | MESH: Nursing Care | Perioperative Nursing | Handbooks 3 Classification: LCC RT41 | NLM WY 49 | DDC 617/.0231–dc23 LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2017031331 Care has been taken to confirm the accuracy of the information presented and to describe generally accepted practices. However, the authors, editors, and publisher are not responsible for errors or omissions or for any consequences from application of the information in this book and make no warranty, express or implied, with respect to the content of the publication. The authors, editors, and publisher have exerted every effort to ensure that drug selection and dosage set forth in this text are in accordance with the current recommendations and practice at the time of publication. However, in view of ongoing research, changes in government regulations, and the constant flow of information relating to drug therapy and drug reactions, the reader is urged to check the package insert for each drug for any change in indications and dosage and for added warnings and precautions. This is particularly important when the recommended agent is a new or infrequently employed drug. Some drugs and medical devices presented in this publication have Food and Drug Administration (FDA) clearance for limited use in restricted research settings. It is the responsibility of the health care provider to ascertain the FDA status of each drug or device planned for use in his or her clinical practice. LWW.com 4 Clinical Consultant Tamara Kear, PhD, RN, CNS, CNN Assistant Professor of Nursing Villanova University College of Nursing Villanova, Pennsylvania 5 Preface This Clinical Handbook for Brunner & Suddarth’s Textbook of MedicalSurgical Nursing, 14th Edition, is a concise clinical reference designed for use by nursing students and professionals. Perfect for use across multiple health care settings, the Clinical Handbook presents need-to-know information on nearly 200 commonly encountered diseases and disorders, organized alphabetically with tabbed pages for speedy reference. Organization The consistent and easy-to-use outline format enables readers to gain quick access to vital information on: Pathophysiology Clinical Manifestations Assessment and Diagnostic Findings Medical, Surgical, and Pharmacologic Management Nursing Management according to the Nursing Process For readers requiring more in-depth information, the Clinical Handbook is completely cross-referenced to chapters in Brunner & Suddarth’s Textbook of Medical-Surgical Nursing, 14th Edition. Special Features The Clinical Handbook places special emphasis on home- and communitybased nursing practice, patient education, and expected outcomes of care. Additional features include the following: Gerontologic Considerations—Thumbnail descriptions and interventions related to the care of the older adult population, whose health care needs continue to expand at a rapid rate. Quality and Safety Nursing Alerts—Tips for best clinical practice and red-flag safety warnings about priority care issues and hazardous or 6 potentially life-threatening situations. Appendix—Review important lab values at a glance in the appendix. We hope you will find this Clinical Handbook to be helpful, and we wish you every success in your studies and future profession. The Publisher 7 Contents A Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (HIV Infection) Acute Coronary Syndrome and Myocardial Infarction Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Addison Disease (Adrenocortical Insufficiency) Alzheimer Disease Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Anaphylaxis Anemia Anemia, Aplastic Anemia, Iron-Deficiency Anemia, Megaloblastic Anemia, Sickle Cell (Sickle Cell Disease) Aneurysm, Aortic Aneurysm, Intracranial Angina Pectoris Aortic Insufficiency (Regurgitation) Aortic Stenosis Appendicitis Arterial Embolism and Arterial Thrombosis Arteriosclerosis and Atherosclerosis Arthritis, Rheumatoid Asthma Asthma: Status Asthmaticus B Back Pain, Low Bell Palsy Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia and Prostatectomy Bone Tumors 8 Bowel Obstruction, Large Bowel Obstruction, Small Brain Abscess Brain Tumors Bronchiectasis Burn Injury C Cancer Cancer of the Bladder Cancer of the Breast Cancer of the Cervix Cancer of the Colon and Rectum (Colorectal Cancer) Cancer of the Endometrium Cancer of the Esophagus Cancer of the Kidneys (Renal Tumors) Cancer of the Larynx Cancer of the Liver Cancer of the Lung (Bronchogenic Carcinoma) Cancer of the Oral Cavity and Pharynx Cancer of the Ovary Cancer of the Pancreas Cancer of the Prostate Cancer of the Skin (Malignant Melanoma) Cancer of the Stomach (Gastric Cancer) Cancer of the Testis Cancer of the Thyroid Cancer of the Vagina Cancer of the Vulva Cardiac Arrest Cardiomyopathies Cataract Cholelithiasis (and Cholecystitis) Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Cirrhosis, Hepatic Constipation Coronary Atherosclerosis Crohn’s Disease (Regional Enteritis) Cushing Syndrome 9 Cystitis (Lower Urinary Tract Infection) D Dermatitis, Exfoliative Dermatitis, Irritant Contact Diabetes Diabetes Insipidus Diabetic Ketoacidosis Diarrhea Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation Diverticular Disease E Empyema Endocarditis, Infective Endocarditis, Rheumatic Endometriosis Epididymitis Epilepsies Epistaxis (Nosebleed) Esophageal Varices, Bleeding F Fractures G Gastritis Glaucoma Glomerulonephritis, Acute Glomerulonephritis, Chronic Gout Guillain–Barré Syndrome (Polyradiculoneuritis) H Head Injury (Brain Injury) Headache Heart Failure 10 Hemophilia Hepatic Encephalopathy and Hepatic Coma Hepatic Failure, Fulminant Hepatitis, Viral: Types A, B, C, D, E, and G Hiatal Hernia Hodgkin Lymphoma Huntington Disease Hyperglycemic Hyperosmolar Syndrome Hypertension (and Hypertensive Crisis) Hyperthyroidism (Graves Disease) Hypoglycemia (Insulin Reaction) Hypoparathyroidism Hypopituitarism Hypothyroidism and Myxedema I Immune Thrombocytopenic Purpura Impetigo Increased Intracranial Pressure Influenza K Kaposi Sarcoma Kidney Disease, Chronic (End-Stage Kidney Disease) Kidney Injury, Acute L Leukemia Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Acute Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute Leukemia, Myeloid, Chronic Lung Abscess Lymphedema and Elephantiasis Lymphomas, Non-Hodgkin M 11 Mastoiditis and Mastoid Surgery Ménière Disease Meningitis Mitral Regurgitation (Insufficiency) Mitral Stenosis Mitral Valve Prolapse Multiple Myeloma Multiple Sclerosis Muscular Dystrophies Musculoskeletal Trauma (Contusions, Strains, Sprains, and Joint Dislocations) Myasthenia Gravis Myocarditis N Nephritic Syndrome, Acute Nephrotic Syndrome O Obesity Obesity, Extreme (and Bariatric Surgery) Osteoarthritis (Degenerative Joint Disease) Osteomalacia Osteomyelitis Osteoporosis Otitis Media, Acute Otitis Media, Chronic P Pancreatitis, Acute Pancreatitis, Chronic Parkinson Disease Pelvic Infection (Pelvic Inflammatory Disease) Pemphigus Peptic Ulcer Pericarditis (Cardiac Tamponade) Perioperative Nursing Management Peripheral Arterial Occlusive Disease 12 Peritonitis Pharyngitis, Acute Pharyngitis, Chronic Pheochromocytoma Pituitary Tumors Pleural Effusion Pleurisy Pneumonia Pneumothorax and Hemothorax Polycythemia Prostatitis Pruritus Psoriasis Pulmonary Edema, Acute Pulmonary Embolism Pulmonary Hypertension Pyelonephritis, Acute Pyelonephritis, Chronic R Raynaud Phenomenon and Other Acrosyndromes S Seborrheic Dermatoses Seizures Sexually Transmitted Infections Shock, Anaphylactic Shock, Cardiogenic Shock, Hypovolemic Shock, Neurogenic Shock, Septic Spinal Cord Injury Stroke, Hemorrhagic Stroke, Ischemic Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone Secretion Systemic Lupus Erythematosus T 13 Thrombocytopenia Thyroid Storm (Thyrotoxic Crisis) Thyroiditis, Acute Thyroiditis, Chronic (Hashimoto Thyroiditis) Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis and Stevens–Johnson Syndrome Transient Ischemic Attack Trigeminal Neuralgia (Tic Douloureux) Tuberculosis, Pulmonary U Ulcerative Colitis Unconscious Patient Urolithiasis (Nephrolithiasis) V Vein Disorders: Venous Thromboembolism, Thrombophlebitis, Phlebothrombosis, and Deep Vein Thrombosis Appendix: Selected Lab Values Index 14 A Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (HIV Infection) Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is defined as the most severe form of a continuum of illnesses associated with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. HIV belongs to a group of viruses known as retroviruses. These viruses carry their genetic material in the form of ribonucleic acid (RNA) rather than deoxyribonucleic acid. Infection with HIV occurs when it enters the host CD4+ (T) cell and causes this cell to replicate viral RNA and viral proteins, which in turn invade other CD4+ T cells. The stage of HIV disease is based on clinical history, physical examination, laboratory evidence of immune dysfunction, signs and symptoms, and infections and malignancies. The Centers [Show More]

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