NR 324 REVIEW OF KNOWLEDGE FOR EXAM # 1 STUDY GUIDE

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NR324 Review of Knowledge for Exam #1 Exam 1 Study Guide Acid-Base Imbalances  Interpretation o pH: 7.35 – 7.45 o PaO2: 80 - 100 o PaCO2: 35 - 45 o HCO3: 22 - 26 Disease Etiology Lab D... iagnostic Findings Clinical Manifestations Nursing Management Respiratory Acidosis  Hypoventilation (buildup of CO2)  COPD  Pulmonary disease  Drugs  Obesity  Mechanical asphyxia  Sleep apnea  Ph < 7.35  CO2 > 48 (Book)  CO2 > 45 (HESI)  Rapid/Shallow respirations  Low BP  Skin/Mucosa pale to cyanotic  Headache  Hyperkalemia  Dysrhythmias  Warm flush skin  Hypoxemia  Vent. Fib.  Drowsiness/Dizziness/Disorientation  Muscle Weakness  V/S and Pain  Maintain adequate hydration  ABG and Electrolyte  Maintain pt airways Respiratory Alkalosis  Hyperventilation  Fever  Hysteria  Hepatic failure  Bacteremia  Thyrotoxicosis  Pregnancy  PVD  Pneumonia  Acute Asthma  Mechanical ventilation  pH >7.45  HCO3 -<22mEq/ L  PaCO2 <35 mmHg  Rapid/Deep Respirations  Paresthesia  Tachycardia  Fear  Anxiety  Twitching  Hyperreflexia (+3, +4)  Light-headedness  Seizures  Cardiac arrhythmias  Numbness/Tingling  Nausea/Vomiting  Lethargy/Confusion  Low to Normal BP  + Chvostek’s sign  V/S and Pain  Monitor ABG’s  Encourage pt to take deep slow breaths. Breath in a brown paper bag  Keep pt warm and dry  Give sedation as ordered to help pt relax  Institute safety measures for pt with vertigo or unconscious pt. Metabolic Acidosis  DKA  Addition of large amounts of fixed acids to body fluids  Lactic acidosis (circulatory failure)  Acid Ingestion  Adrenal insufficiency  Ketoacidosis  Prolonged Fasting  Renal Failure  Shock  pH <7.35  HCO3 -<22mEq/ L  PaCO2 <35  Rapid, deep respirations (notify the HCP)  Fruity breath  Fatigue  Headache  Lethargy/Weakness  Drowsiness/Confusion  Nausea/Vomiting/Diarrhea  Abdominal pain  Kussmaul Respirations  Coma (if severe)  Administration of sodium bicarbonate  Vital Signs and Pain  Watch for signs of decreased levels of consciousness  I/O  Provide good oral hygiene after incidences of vomiting  Position pt to prevent aspiration NR 324 REVIEW OF KNOWLEDGE FOR EXAM # 1 STUDY GUIDE NR324 Review of Knowled [Show More]

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