IB History: Brown Vs. Board of Education (1954) test Questions and Correct Answers Graded A+

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IB History: Brown Vs. Board of Education (1954) test Questions and Correct Answers Graded A+ Where did the Brown vs. Board case originate from? ✔✔ Topeka, Kansas Why did the Brown vs Board ... of Education case occur? ✔✔ In Topeka, Kansas 1954, Linda Brown's father beleived his daughter should not have to walk 21 blocks over dangerous railerways past a Whites Only school to get the her Blacks only school that was disadvantaged and lacked sufficient resources. Mr Brown felt the schools should be integrated as Black schools weren't ad well funded as white schools. Linda's father Oliver Brown (tried to enroll her in the white elementary school but the principal of the school refused). What did Mr. Brown do to try bring integration of the schools? ✔✔ Firstly Mr. Brown took the case to the State Court where he argued that it was unfair Linda had to walk further and attend a worse off school. There the Court deemed that the schools were "Separate but equal". This was not the result Mr. Brown wanted. Brown went to McKinley Burnett, head of Topeka's branch of the NAACP, and asked them for help. Who was McKinley Burnett? ✔✔ ≥ McKinley Burnett, head of Topeka's branch of the NAACP. ≥ Burnett persuaded 13 families to enroll their children in white schools and all of them were denied, so in February 1951 the NAACP filed suit. What was McKinley Burnett planning to do with the "right plaintiff"? ✔✔ He had long wanted to challenge segregation in public schools, but needed the "right plaintiff at the right time". US District Court for the District of Kansas hear Brown's case from June 25th-26th, 1951. ✔✔ ≥ NAACP argued that segregated schools sent the message to black children that they were inferior to whites; therefore schools were in-equal ≥ The Board of Education's defence was that, because segregation pervades many other aspects of life, segregated schools simply prepared black children for the segregation they would face during adulthood, also argued that schools were not harmful to black children. Outcome of the 1951 hearing in the District of Kansas District-Court. ✔✔ Board won. The court felt compelled to rule in favour of Board of Education as Plessy vs Ferguson's precedent had not been overturned yet. What was Plessy vs. Ferguson? ✔✔ Case in which the U.S. Supreme Court, on May 18th, 1896, by a seven-to-one majority (one justice did not participate), advanced the controversial "separate but equal" doctrine for assessing the constitutionality of racial segregation laws. Which case was the first to challenge the Fourteenth Amendment's of 1868? ✔✔ Plessy v. Ferguson was the first major inquiry into the meaning of the Fourteenth Amendment's (1868) equal-protection clause. What is meant by "separate but equal"? ✔✔ The U.S. Supreme Court ruled that racially separate facilities, if equal, did not violate the Constitution. Segregation, the Court said, was not discrimination. Why was the "separate but equal" doctrine important? ✔✔ The Court unanimously declared racially segregated schools an unconstitutional violation of the Fourteenth Amendment. What ended the "separate but equal" doctrine? ✔✔ The 1954 Brown vs. Board case brought an end to the "separate but equal" doctrine. What was the Supreme Court's opinion of the Brown vs. Board case? ✔✔ Brown's and the NAACP's case appealed to the Supreme Court. It had a hearing on December 9th, 1952 but failed to reach a decision. Outcome of the 1954 Supreme Court hearing of the Brown vs. Board case? ✔✔ ≥ The Supreme Court struck down the 'separate but equal' doctrine of Plessy for public education. ≥ Required the desegregation of schools across America ≥ Decision did not abolish segregation in other public areas, declared the mandatory segregation existent in 21 states unconstitutional. Who was Chief Justice Earl Warren? educa [Show More]

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