Kaplan LSAT Prep. LSAT Prep Courses. Top questions and answers, Verified for Exam Revision

Document Content and Description Below

Kaplan LSAT Prep, top questions and answers, Verified for Exam Revision Question Stem: "Which one of the following must be true?" - ✔✔-Correct answer: must be true Wrong answers: Must be false... Question Stem: "Which one of the following must be true, EXCEPT?" - ✔✔-Correct Answer: Could be false Wrong answer: Must be true Sufficient Term - ✔✔-immediately follows if goes to the left of the arrow "trigger" or "if" term Necessary Term - ✔✔-Immediately follows then goes to the right of the arrow * Necessary is required whenever sufficient is present * Always assume it is possible to have the necessary term without having the sufficient * simple synonyms of necessary (essential, require, rely) must point to the necessary conditions When is the necessary term present? - ✔✔-whenever sufficient is present Is it possible to have the necessary term without the sufficient? - ✔✔-Yes, always assume unless told otherwise Ex: If J volunteers, then R does too" What does this tell us? - ✔✔-If J volunteers this is sufficient to know that R must J cannot be the only one to volunteer R can volunteer without J IF x and y then Z - ✔✔-both x and y must be true to apply the conditional statement If A, then B and C - ✔✔-Whenever we have A, we must have both B and C IF G OR H, then J - ✔✔-either G/H by itself is sufficient to ensure that we must have J If you have both G and H, you still must have J "Neither X nor Y" - ✔✔-Not X and Not Y Sufficient Key Words - ✔✔-All Any (anytime, anyplace, anybody) every (every time, everybody) whenever each The only If When In order to IF statement includes negative, how do you notate it? example: no one who is in Europe is in NY - ✔✔-If a, not b If in NY, not in EU Necessary Indicators - ✔✔-Only Only If Then Must Always Unless/Without - ✔✔-signals necessary Think about it as if unless is the same as then How to notate unless/without - ✔✔-1. what happens after unless/without goes on right hand side of arrow 2. take the remaining part of the statement and negate it then put it on the left No X unless Y - ✔✔-IF x, then Y A unless B - ✔✔-If not a, then B "no X are y" - ✔✔-If x, then not y What is a sequencing game? - ✔✔-most common type of game asks you to put things in order - chronologically (units of time) - Spatially (vertical or horizontal) - Rank (top 10) - Size/amt (list of prices - cheapest to most expensive) Require you to determine the order of a number of entities Limitations to look out for in sequencing games? - ✔✔-usually related to how many entities can go into each slot Loose sequencing - ✔✔-Rules involve only variables and related those variables only to each other * no rules that affirmatively tie variables to particular spaces or that dictate a set # of spaces to appear between entities Selection Game - ✔✔-Given a group of entities, asked to choose some of those entities to make a smaller group (some in and some out) Key Limits in Selection Games - ✔✔-number of entities to select * Often gaps in info Distribution Games - ✔✔-Key Task - formation of groups main task: given a larger group of entities, sort them into 2+ smaller groups Distribution v. Selection - ✔✔-Selection entails choosing a single, smaller group from a larger one Matching v. Distribution - ✔✔-Similarities: Both game types call for you to group entities under a number of headings Conceptual Difference * Distribution Game is similar to putting individuals on teams - in distribution games, you place each entity just one time into just one group * Matching Game is similar to assigning attributes to individuals - in matching games, you are usually allowed to reuse entities Matching vs. Distribution Number Restrictions to be aware of: - ✔✔-Distribution - knowing exactly how many entities must be assigned to each group Matching - knowing how many attributes must be assigned to each entity What do distribution rules tell you? - ✔✔-One or more of the following: - entities that must or cannot be assigned to the same group - the number of entities that must, can, or cannot be assigned to a group or the relative sizes among groups (i.e. blue group must have more members than the green group) - conditions triggering the assignment of an entity to a particular group (i.e. if Rachel joins the marketing team, then Gar joins the service team) What do matching rules tell you? - ✔✔-One or more of the following: - attributes that must or cannot be matched to the same entity - the number of attributes that must, can, or cannot be assigned to an entity or the relative numbers among entities (i.e. Sasha will be assigned more of the tasks than Craig will be assigned) - conditions triggering the assignment of an attribute to a particular entity (i.e. if Rachel is assigned copyediting, then Jesse is assigned layout) Hybrid Games - ✔✔-Mix together 2+ game types into one game. * Most hybrid will involve sequencing * sketch out using either rows of dashes and/or columns Hybrid Sketch Guidelines - ✔✔-- if game is selection based, you can always account for the selection element by writing out an "out" column; you can then figure out the other game that is present by determining what you need to do with the entities that are "in" - if the game is sequencing/matching => you can always use rows of dashes as your sketch - make sure your sketch is "compact" (you only need one sketch to account for all of the game's actions - do not have separate sketches for each game action that is present - make sure sketch is complete => sketch should account for all game types present ***** Every single hybrid game can be sketched out through at least one of table or rows of dashes (may need to add in a loose tree sketch within each column or an "out" column, but the core of every hybrid game will either be rows of dashes or a table. ****** IF YOU ARE UNSURE HOW TO SKETCH OUT A HYBRID GAME => START WITH A TABLE AND SEE IF THAT WORKS => IF THAT DOES NOT WORK, DITCH IT AND GO WITH ROWS OF DASHES***** What is an acceptability question? - ✔✔-One in which the correct answer is one that does not break rule What is the answer to a must be false question? - ✔✔-Correct answer will be the only one that cannot be true in any situations * the 4 incorrect answers could be true Barron Question? - ✔✔-- will not add in new rules - when master sketch is not enough to get answer => use previous work New If Question - ✔✔-Generally starts out by asking if... - gives you a new rule for that question only How to read and apply formal logic? - ✔✔-Follow the arrow; A->B Just because b is true, doesn't mean a is true right side can live without the left left side cannot live without the right R is a member of any group of which P is a member - ✔✔-If P then R If no R then no P How to notate a negative conditional statement: i.e. V is a not a member of any group of which Z is a member - ✔✔-If A => Not B If Z, Not V Negatives that indicate S->N Relationship - ✔✔-None Never Not No one No one who is in NY is in Europe - ✔✔-IF in NY, not in EU If in EU, not in NY (contrapositive) "If, but only If" - ✔✔-Breaks conditional statement into 2 statements that must be observed A is selected if, but only if, B is not selected - ✔✔-1. If A -> -B 2. If B-> -A 3. If -B-> A 4. If -A -> B * Both parts of the rule must be observed, so A or B, but not both, must always be selected A or B (but not both [Show More]

Last updated: 9 months ago

Preview 1 out of 32 pages