WGU C963 Final Exam prep. Questions with accurate answers, 100% accurate, rated A+.

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WGU C963 Final Exam prep. Questions with accurate answers, 100% accurate, rated A+. Major contributors to social contract theory - ✔✔-Thomas Hobbes, John Locke, Jean-Jacque Rousseau, Montes... quieu Requirements to be a Representative/term information - ✔✔-Citizen for 7 years, at least 25 years old/2 year term, based on population Civil rights - ✔✔-Rights to be free from discrimination/free from unequal treatment/requirements for government action Powers of the legislative branch - ✔✔-Tax citizens, set budget, impeach, regulate commerce, declare war provide advise and consent on appointments, oversee powers of other branches Thomas Hobbes view of society and what social contract theory should protect - ✔✔-World is nasty; right to life Implied powers - ✔✔-Powers not specifically mentioned in the constitution. Right to regulate banks, establish minimum wage, construction and maintenance of highways. Requirements to be a Senator/term information - ✔✔-Citizen for 9 years, at least 30 years old/6 year term, 2 per state Civil liberties - ✔✔-Basic freedoms/free to exercise religion, speech, etc.../restrictions on government power Thirteenth Amendment - ✔✔-Abolished slavery John Locke view of society and what social contract theory should protect - ✔✔-World is decent and rational; right to life, liberty, and property How many members of the House of Representatives are there? - ✔✔-435 Enumerated/expressed powers - ✔✔-Powers explicitly stated in the Constitution. Right to levy taxes, declare war, regulate money stuff, regulate immigration. Mass media - ✔✔-All forms of media that communicate information to the general public, including TV, radio, print, and the internet. Jean-Jacque Rousseau view of society and what social contract theory should protect - ✔✔-World starts out good but declines with population increase; right to liberty Inherent powers - ✔✔-Powers that must be assumed to exist as a direct result of the country's existence. Right to control borders of the state, expand territory, defend itself from revolution/coups. Important acts to Congressional campaigns - ✔✔-Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act - limits soft money; Federal Election Campaign Act - created FEC and discloses donors Fourteenth Amendment - ✔✔-Formally defined citizenship and the requirement that privileges and immunities of citizenship are respected. African Americans were allowed to be citizens. Reserved powers - ✔✔-Powers not specifically granted to the federal government or denied to the states belong to the states and the people Concurrent powers - ✔✔-Powers held jointly by the national and state governments. Hard money - ✔✔-Campaign money that is subject to regulations by the FEC; contributed directly to a candidate Fifteenth Amendment - ✔✔-Gave voting rights regardless of race or previous condition of servitude State of nature - ✔✔-A condition in which no governments or laws existed at all Commerce Clause - ✔✔-The clause in the Constitution (Article I, Section 8, Clause 1) that gives Congress the power to regulate all business activities that cross state lines or affect more than one state or other nations. Social contract theory - ✔✔-A voluntary agreement between the government and the governed Evidence of Congress exercising power of the commerce clause - ✔✔-Racial desegregation, No Gun School Zone ruled unconstitutional, the Affordable Care Act Soft money - ✔✔-Campaign contributions unregulated by federal or state law; usually given to parties and party committees to help fund general party activities. Rational scrutiny - ✔✔-Applies to most types of discrimination. The government has to demonstrate only that it has a good reason for engaging in it (not allowing blind people to drive because it would be dangerous) Natural rights - ✔✔-The idea that all people have rights to life, liberty, and property Ways the legislative branch checks the other branches - ✔✔-Advise and consent, impeachment, and oversight Why do incumbents win? - ✔✔-Name recognition, visibility, resources of office, money, professionalism, and careerism Intermediate scrutiny - ✔✔-Applies when discrimination is based on gender or sex. The government has to prove why the unequal treatment is justified. Framing - ✔✔-The process of giving a news story a specific context or background. Hypodermic theory - ✔✔-An intended message is received and wholly accepted by the receiver. Strict scrutiny - ✔✔-Applies when fundamental freedoms or suspected classes are the target. The government has to prove why the unequal treatment is justified and that it has used the least restrictive means. Consensual political rule - ✔✔-Without consent, rule would be illegitimate Congressional Committees - ✔✔-A smaller subset of representatives or senators that consider particular types of bill (can be long standing or temporary), hold hearings for testifying for or against new bills Priming - ✔✔-The process of predisposing readers or viewers to think a particular way. How does a candidate ensure a win in the primaries? - ✔✔-Align with party ideals Minimal effects theory - ✔✔-The idea that the media have little effect on citizens. Areas of the Constitution influenced by the Enlightenment - ✔✔-Rousseau - property Montesquieu - separation of powers How is a law passed? - ✔✔-Introduced, sent to rules committee, debate and voting in the House and Senate (separately), conference committee, unified bill is voted on, president signs or vetoes How are presidential candidates nominated? - ✔✔-At national party conventions Civil rights before the 1950's - ✔✔-The founding of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), which challenged Jim Crow laws in federal courts. Pack journalism - ✔✔-A type of journalism where journalists cover the same things as everyone else rather than seeking out their own stories. Cultivation theory - ✔✔-Media affect a citizen's worldview through the information presented. How are electoral votes determined? - ✔✔-Based on congressional representation (representatives + senators) Areas of the Bill of Rights influenced by the Enlightenment - ✔✔-Locke - right to bear arms Montesquieu - due process Standing committee - ✔✔-A permanent committee usually focusing on a policy area (finance, agriculture, foreign relations, etc...) Civil liberties allow one to choose - ✔✔-Purchases, where to live, occupation, who to marry, and religion Prior restraint - ✔✔-The legal suppression of speech or media coverage before it's published or spoken; very limited. How are Electors selected? - ✔✔-They are nominated by the presidential candidate Fundamental civil liberties in the Constitution - ✔✔-Habeas corpus (detention must be justified), no bills of attainer or ex post facto laws, and treason must be witnessed by two people Equal-time rule - ✔✔-Registered candidates running for office must be given equal airtime on radio and non-cable TV. Select committee - ✔✔-A temporary committee established for a limited time and for a special purpose Areas of the Declaration of Independence influenced by the Enlightenment - ✔✔-Locke - liberty and property Who wrote the Declaration of Independence [Show More]

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