DSM-5 Study Guide Questions and Answers. 100% Accurate, rated A

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DSM-5 Study Guide Questions and Answers. 100% Accurate, rated A A 10- year- old boy who has severe developmental delay exhibits immediate and involuntary repetition and ambient sounds and vocaliz... ations made by other people. What is the term for this phenomenon? A. Dysarthria B. Echolalia C. Echopraxia D. Word salad - ✔✔-B. Echolalia Echolalia - ✔✔-The pathological, parrotlike, and apparently senseless repetition (echoing) of a word or phrase just spoken by another person. A 19- year- old college freshman wears a wizard hat every day around campus. When asked why, he tells people it is because "the hat helps me think better." He has had few friends but enjoys participating in medieval role- playing games. He earns excellent grades in class and grooms himself appropriately every day. His speech is fluent. His thought process is linear, although he perseverates on various wizard spells he has learned online. His affect is restricted. He denies any hallucinations or any changes in sleep, mood, appetitie, or energy. His unusual "style" has interfered with his getting a job, which he needs to remain in school. What is the likely diagnosis? A. Bipolar I disorder. B. Schizoaffective disorder. C. Schizophrenia D. Schizotypal personality disorder. - ✔✔-D. Schizotypal personality disorder. This disorder is characterized by a pattern of deficits in interpersonal skills and a decreased capacity for close relationships. Cognitive and perceptual distortions and eccentric behavior are also evident. Theravada Buddhist monks living at a temple bring a 27- year-old Laotian man to the hospital. The man apparently has fasted for 17 days. The man is acutely dehydrated and emaciated. The pt is admitted to the medicine service. He is delirious at first, but when he improves, the psychiatric consult service is called b/c of his "odd manner". The pt is unkempt and unshaven, which is in sharp contrast to the two other members of his order. The pt does not speak English and one of the monks translates to help the psychiatrist with the evaluation. The pt appears withdrawn and responds very briefly to the other monks, at times laughing inappropriately. The monks say that the man's family, who had recently emigrated from Laos, brought him to the order nearly 1 year ago. Although he has been withdrawn since they have known him, the monks say that this is the first time he has embarked on such a fast. He told them that he was instructed to do so by "spirits", who watch his daily activities and comment on whether he is being appropriately observant. The members of his order are familiar with the names of the spirits from Lao folk traditions, but they are not familiar with this particular tradition of fasting. They acknowledge that the man is from a remote part of Laos, of which the are unfamiliar with the customs. What is the likely diagnosis? A. Culturally appropriate behavior. B. Major depressive disorder. C. Psychotic disorder due to another medical condition. D. Schizophrenia. - ✔✔-D. Schizophrenia. Is a psychotic disorder characterized by a combination of specific positive and negative symptoms. Positive symptoms of schizophrenia include hallucinations, delusions, disorganized speech, inappropriate affect, and disorganized behavior (absence of goal- orientation often manifested in failure to perform activities of daily living). Negative symptoms of schizophrenia include a flat or blunted affect (the absence or a severe restriction of observable emotion), avolition (a loss of willpower and decisiveness), alogia (a speech disturbance in schizophrenia involving poverty of speech), decrease in the amount of speech or poverty of content of speech (speech that contains little or no meaningful information), and anhedonia (a loss of ability to experience pleasure). Match each description with the personality disorder for which it is most highly characteristic (each disorder may be used once, more than once, or not at all): A. Antisocial personality disorder B. Borderline personality disorder. C. Histrionic personality disorder. D. Narcissistic personality disorder. _ Consistently uses physical appearance to draw attention to onself. _ Failure to conform to social norms and without remorse. _ Grandiose sense of self- importance. _ Self- dramatization, theratrically, and exaggerated expression of emotion. - ✔✔-C. Histrionic personality disordder- Consistently uses physical appearance to draw attention to onself. A. Antisocial personality disorder - Failure to conform to social norms and without remorse. B. Borderline personality disorder- Frantic efforts to avoid real or imagined abandonment. D. Narcissistic personality disorder- Grandiose sense of self- importance. C. Histrionic personality disorder- Self- dramatization, theatricality, and exaggerated expression of emotion. Match each mental disorder with the most accurate statement regarding prevalence by gender (each item may be use once, more than once, or not at all): A. More prevalent among men. B. More prevalent among women. C. Equally prevalent among men and women. _ Restless legs syndrome. _ Major depressive disorder. _ Generalized anxiety disorder. - ✔✔-B. More prevalent among women - Restless legs syndrome. B. More prevalent among women- Major depressive disorder. B. More prevalent among women- Generalized anxiety disorder A 45- year- old man presents to his primary care doctor, complaining of chronic chest pain for the past year. He has seen multiple specialists, who tell him the pain is from uncomplicated acid reflux; however, he thinks he must have serious heart disease. He continues to worry about his heart despite reassurance from multiple cardiologists; he acknowledges that it is possible the cardiologists are correct. He denies hallucinations, and there is no evidence of delusional content. His concern about his heart has prevented him from vacationing with his family. He denies feeling depressed or anxious or having any problems with sleep or appetitie, and he continues to enjoy hobbies at home. What is the likely diagnosis? A. Generalized anxiety disorder. B. Illness anxiety disorder. C. Major depressive disorder. D. Panic disorder. - ✔✔-B. Illness anxiety disorder. This disorder is characterized by a preoccupation with being sick or with developing a disease. There are few or no somatic symptoms present, but the individual is primarily concerned with the idea that he or she is ill. The diagnosis can be used for individuals who do have a medical illness but whose anxiety is out of proportion to the diagnosis and who assume the worst possible outcome. The anxiety is incapacitating and causes emotional distress or impairs the individual's ability to function. Some individuals may visit physicians (care- seeking type) while others may not (care- avoidant type). A 22- year- old college student presents to a MH clinic for an initial visit. She has not turned in any of her papers on time this term b/c she worries about getting poor grades, and this worry has affected her ability to concentrate. She is also very concerned about getting a job after she graduates, despite multiple meetings with a career counselor. She says that she is concerned with the sanitation at the local gym and prefers to to play recreational sports b/c she might be injured. She does not have any rituals or checking behavior's. She describes her mood as "irritable" and says that she feels "tense all the time". Her appetite has not changed, and she continues to enjoy watching movies. She denies low energy and has not had any thoughts of harming herself. She tried cocaine last year but has not used any illicit substances or alcohol recently. What is the likely diagnosis? A. Adjustment disorder. B. Generalized anxiety disorder. C. Major depressive disorder. D. Obsessive- compulsive disorder. - ✔✔-B. Generalized anxiety disorder. This disorder involves excessive anxiety and worry about a number of things that persists for a minimum of 6 months. The behavior is not due to a medical condition or substance. To meet criteria for premenstrual dysphoric disorder, how long must symptoms be present? A. 1 week. B. 1 month. C. 6 months. D. 1 year. - ✔✔-D. 1 year. A 16- year- old boy presents to his high school counselor after running out of his programming class b/c he was asked to explain a piece of code. He has trouble answering and had felt this sort of difficulty in the past, but today it was worse. He is not able to explain clearly to the counselor what happened b/c he is still having the same speaking problems that he has in class. He speaks in broken words and keeps getting stuck on sounds like "aye" and "ah". He seems to spit out words. He writes down on a piece of paper that he has been thinking about dropping out of school b/c of his difficulty speaking; his older brother dropped out of school for similar problems. The counselor later observes him working in the computer lab and notices no abnormal behavior. What is the likely diagnosis? A Autism spectrum disorder. B. Childhood- onset fluency disorder (stuttering). C. Social anxiety disorder (social phobia). D. Tourette's disorder. - ✔✔-B. Childhood- onset fluency disorder (stuttering). Is diagnosed when a child fails to use age and dialect appropriate speech sounds. The average age of onset is by age 6, but the range can be b/w 2-7 years of age. The disorder causes significant anxiety related to speaking or limitations in effective communication. Stress and anxiety can exacerbate the disroder. The disorder interferes with the individual's achievement in academics, occupation, and interpersonal communication. The individual may avoid situations due to fear that stem from humiliation and embarrassment. Police bring a 30- year- old homeless man to the psychiatric emergency department after he called 911 b/c he thought people were controlling his mind through "microwaves". He has no previous psychiatric or medical hx, and his urine toxicology screen is negative for illicit substances. On interview, he appears very guarded, with limited cooperation, b/c he feels that he does not belong on a psychiatric unit. "I am not the problem", he says. "These microwaves are all around us, even if you cannot feel them." He denies any mood symptoms. Until a few years ago he was working full time, but he refuses to divulge his occupation "b/c I do not trust anyone". On examination, his speech is fluent with normal volume and rate, but his thought process is occasionally disorganized. His affect is blunted, and no psychomotor abnormalities are noted. He denies any hallucinations, but during the interview he occasionally stares behind the interviewer very intently, without responding to any questions. Which term best describes the man's experience of "microwaves"? A. Delusion. B. Hallucination. C. Ideas of reference. D. Illusion. - ✔✔-A. Delusion. A false belief based on incorrect inference about external reality that is firmly held despite what almost everyone else believes and despite what constitutes incontrovertible and obvious proof or evidence to the contrary. The belief is not ordinarily accepted by other members of the person's culture or subculture (I.e it is not an article of religious faith). When a false belief involves a value judgement, it is regarded as a delusion only when the judgement is so extreme as to defy credibility. Delusional conviction can sometimes be inferred from an overvalued idea (in which case the individual has an unreasonable belief or idea but does not hold it as firmly as is the case with a delusion). Delusions are subdivided according to their content. A 22- year- old woman is brought to the hospital after being found wandering on a school playground. She is not able to read or fill out basic paperwork. On exam, she is noted to be pursuing the picture books in the pediatric waiting area and laughing in a childlike manner. She is wearing a T-shirt, sweatpants, and shoes with hook-and-loop fasteners and has a wristband with her identification and her mother's contact information. The woman can say her name and address and answer simple yes/ no questions but cannot answer compound or complicated questions. She begins to cry after not being able to answer many questions. A review of her records indicates that she has not psychiatric hx but still sees her pediatrician, accompanied by her mother. Recent testing places her at an IQ of 50. She has no basic laboratory abnormalities and a negative urine toxicology screen. What is the likely diagnosis? A. Conduct disorder. B. Dissociative identity disorder. C. Intellectual disability (intellectual developmental disorder). D. Selective mutism. - ✔✔-C. Intellectual disability (intellectual developmental disorder). Intellectual disability replaces the term "mental retardation". It is a term that is more commonly used by the lay public, advocacy groups and federal statutes. Is characterized by both intellectual and adaptive functioning deficits that begin during the developmental period. Intellectual deficits occur in reasoning, problem solving, planning, abstract thinking, judgement, academics and an inability to learn from experience. Intellectual functioning deficits are manifested by clinical observation and standard intelligence testing. Adaptive functioning deficits are manifested in failure to meet developmental and sociocultural standards of personal independence and social responsiblity. There are limitations in activities of daily living, communication, independent living, and social interactions across multiple situations (e.g home, school, work). A. 40- year- old woman sees a psychiatrist for the first time. She complains of having had low energy and fatigue for the past year and endorses additional symptoms of depressed mood, poor sleep, and decreased concentration. She exhibits significant psychomotor retardation on exam. She denies any suicidal ideation or hallucinations. She takes medication for hypothyroidism but has not seen a primary care doctor in over 10 years. Her thyroid- stimulating hormone level is 7.6, and her urine toxicology screen is negative. What is the likely diagnosis? A Bipolar II disorder. B Depressive disorder due to another medical condition. C. Insomnia disorder. D. Major depressive disorder. - ✔✔-B. Depressive disorder due to another medical condition. A 41- year- old man reports to the psychiatrist that he is afraid of dentists. He has a hx of extreme anxiety upon entering a dental office, to the point that he feels dizzy and nauseated. He becomes excessively anxious in the waiting room and has a very difficult time completing visits. He is so fearful about dentists that he reports he cannot take his own children to their dentist b/c he has "anxiety attacks" in the office. Rather, he insists that his wife take the children. His aversion to the dentists has led to his missing regular appointments for more than 6 years. He plans to go soon, only b/c he has severe tooth pain and believes he may need a root canal. He does not have anxiety in other contexts. What is the likely diagnosis? A. Adjustment disorder with anxiety. B. Generalized anxiety disorder. C. Posttraumatic stress disorder. D. Specific phobia. - ✔✔-D. Specific phobia. Match each mental disorder with the age at onset noted in the diagnostic criteria: A. Age at onset under 5 years. B. Age at onset under 18 years. C. Age at onset not specified. _ Tourette's disorder. _ Separation anxiety disorder. _ Global developmental delay. - ✔✔-B. Age at onset under 18 years- Tourette's disorder. C. Age at onset not specified- Separation anxiety disorder A. Age at onset under 5 years- Global developmental delay. A 26- year- old man seen in the emergency department acknowledges persistent substance use until about the last 2 days, when he was evicted from his apartment. Which cluster of symptoms is typical of stimulant withdrawal? A. Depression, fatigue, insomnia. B. Diarrhea, nausea, anxiety. C. Hypertension, tachycardia, seizures. D. Vivid dreaming, nightmares, confusion. - ✔✔-A. Depression, fatigue, insomnia. A 33- year- old man presents to a psychiatrist with concern about his excessive hand washing. He reports that he has a ritualistic washing routine that takes at least 20 minutes, which he performs multiple times per day for fear of contamination with infectious disease. When further interviewed, he states that he has recurrent and persistent thoughts about hand washing and risk of contamination, which he tries unsuccessfully to suppress. He reports an overwhelming sense of anxiety if he does not wash his hands or if he does not complete the "ritual". He says the behavior is "out of control". He recognizes these thoughts as functions of his own mind. He has no other symptoms. What is the likely diagnosis? A. Obsessive- compulsive disorder. B. Obsessive- compulsive personality disorder. C. Schizophrenia D. Specific phobia. - ✔✔-A. Obsessive- compulsive disorder. This disorder is characterized by anxiety- producing obsessions (persistent thoughts, urges, or images) or compulsions (behavior's the individual feels compelled to do repeatedly according to rigid rules). The obsessions or compulsions are time- consuming or cause clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational or other important areas of functioning. A 25- year- old man with no medical or psychiatric hx other than anemia travels frequently for his job. He has trouble on long flights b/c he feels the need to move his legs about and unfasten his seat belt to do so. When he is not permitted to get up, especially on "red eye" flights, he feels symmetrical burning and tingling in his legs. He is also very exhausted and notes that his sleep is not restful. He takes no medications except a daily multivitamin. What is the likely diagnosis? A. Adjustment disorder. B. Akathisia. C. Parkinson's disease. D. Restless legs syndrome. - ✔✔-D. Restless legs syndrome. Is a sensorimotor, neurological sleep disorder characterized by a desire to move the legs (or arms) associated with uncomfortable sensations (e.g creeping, crawling, tingling, burning or itching). The frequent movements are in response to the uncomfortable sensations. The symptoms must at least 3 times per week over a period of 3 months. It reduces sleep time and sleep disturbance. The syndrome is more common in women than men. A 28- year- old woman seeks psychiatric consultation. She explains that 10 years ago, she had a panic attack while presenting her project at the high school science fair. Since then she has developed an intense fear of being embarrassed or humiliated in a public venue. She is constantly worried that others are scrutinizing her. She is very self- conscious and afraid that she will have heart palpitations, trembling, or stuttering or that her mind will go blank. She refuses to go on dates and is not being considered for a new job b/c she declined the interview. She is tired of living such an isolated life. What is the likely diagnosis? A. Avoidant personality disorder. B. Obsessive- compulsive disorder. C. Panic disorder. D. Social anxiety disorder (social phobia). - ✔✔-D. Social anxiety disorder (social phobia). This disorder is characterized by fear of embarrassing oneself in social situations or feeling foolish. Avoidance behavior is often evident and the condition is not due to a medical situation or substance. The disorder typically lasts for more than 6 months. A woman brings her 32- year- old husband to a psychiatrist for "unusual behavior". She says that for the past 5 days he has been cleaning the house extensively, often late into the night. He wakes up 2 hours earlier than usual the next morning but does not appear tired. He says he feels "very happy and productive- the best I have ever been!" His wife denies any dangerous behavior's at home and reports he is able to continue working at his current job, albeit more productively than before. She recalls that 6 months ago, he seemed very depressed, with loss of interest, poor sleep, low energy, and impaired concentration that lasted 1 month. The pt has not been hospitalized previously. On interview, he is pleasant and cooperative. His speech is pressured but redirectable. His thought process is linear, and he denies any hallucinations. His urine toxicology screen is negative. What is the likely diagnosis? A. Bipolar I disorder. B. Bipolar II disorder. C. Schizophrenia. D. Substance/ medication- induced bipolar and related disorder. - ✔✔-B. Bipolar II disorder. This disorder involves a minimum of one hypomanic episode and major depressive episode(s). The emergency department calls a psychiatrist to evaluate a 35- year- old homeless, English- speaking man, identifying him as Native American. The police brought in the man after bizarre posturing in a park while talking to himself. The man describes having special relationships with animals. He believes that he can communicate with them through telepathy. He reports that this communication with nature is a common belief in his culture and that he has this special "gift". He says that he receives "special signals" from birds that influence his behavior and he can "hear them talk to him". Under further exploration, he reports that he has mental powers that influence animals and nature. He insists that he is "not crazy". His hygiene is poor and he is malodorous. He has very odd habits around eating based on his auditory hallucinations, resulting in poor nutrition and weight loss. He looks emaciated. He does not have a reasonable plan for shelter and sleeps in a field. His clothes are smiled. He has odd mannerisms throughout the interview, including laughing inappropriately. His urine drug toxicology is negative for substances of abuse. He has a hx of multiple hospitalizations and involuntary commitments for grave disability starting around age 22 years. What is the likely diagnosis? A. Alcohol use disorder. B. Culturally appropriate behavior. C. Major depressive disorder. D. Schizoprehinia. - ✔✔-D. Schizophrenia A 29- year- old woman and her new boyfriend had an unplanned pregnancy culminating in a firsttrimester miscarriage last year. She has always considered herself an anxious person but has felt even more anxious after the miscarriage. She became pregnant a second time, again unplanned, and she gave birth to a healthy baby boy after an emergency C- section delivery. Their son is now 4 months old. Her boyfriend has become emotionally distant. He moved out of their apartment a couple of weeks after the birth, stating, "I am not ready for this life." For the past several weeks, she has experienced escalating low mood, irritability, tearfulness, poor sleep, and constant fatigue. The pt reports that she is frightened by what she is thinking. She states, "Sometimes I feel I could care less about taking care of my son or, even worse, that I want to just physically push him way. It is really scary. How can I ever be a good mother to him? I am miserable. I do not know if I can take it anymore." Her first psychiatric contact was at age 22, when she was treated with citalopram for a depressive episode precipitated by being laid off from her first job after college. She says, "I have never quite been happy again since then. Life has been hard." What is the likely diagnosis? A. Bipolar II disorder, current episode depressed, with peripartum onset. B. Brief psychotic disorder, with peripartum onset. C. Major depressive disorder, with peripartum onset. D. Persistent depressive disorder. - ✔✔-C. Major depressive disorder, with peripartum onset. This disorder involves a minimum of one major depressive episode and causes clinically significant distress or impairment. Which statement is correct regarding the domains DSM-5 evaluates in the Clinician- Rated Dimensions of Psychosis Symptoms Severity? A. The scale assesses only the three most important domains of hallucinations, delusions, and disorganized speech. B. The scale is based on symptoms experienced by the pt in the previous 7 days. C. The scale is most accurate if pts, rather than clinicians, provide the responses. D. The scale should only be completed if the clinician is certain of the symptom severity. - ✔✔-B. The scale is based on symptoms experienced by the pt in the previous 7 days. For which DSM-5 diagnosis is there a greater prevalence in women than men? A. Alcohol use disorder. B. Bipolar I disorder. C. Major depressive disorder. D. Schizophrenia. - ✔✔-C. Major depressive disorder. A 12- year- old girl persistently misbehaves at home. Recently she called 911, reporting that her parents were forcing her to go to school and threatening to run away. She also locked her younger siblings out of the house in cold weather. Although her parents attempt to set limits, she frequently responds with prolonged tantrums- crying and shouting, flailing her arms, and breaking objects in her home. Once she "gets her way" she settles down immediatley. After one serious tantrum, her parents took her to the emergency department and the girl was admitted to the psychiatric unit. The pt was viewed as quite charming by several members of the staff, whereas others though she was "a very, very difficult pt." What is the likely diagnosis? A. Attention- deficit/ hyperactivity disorder. B. Conduct disorder. C. Intermittent explosive disorder. D. Oppositional defiant disorder. - ✔✔-D. Oppositional defiant disorder. This disorder is represented by angry/ irritable mood, argumentative/ defiant behavior's and vindictiveness that is not typical for the child's developmental level. In children younger than age 5, the behavior's must be present on most days for at least 6 months. In children older than 5 it must occur at least once per week for at least 6 months. A 47- year- old police officer presents in an outpatient clinic for evaluation of "weird experience". He says he was out of my mind, really paranoid" for a full 2 weeks, but then completely recovered. His symptoms began shortly after one of his colleagues was inexplicably shot during a routine traffic stop. Although everyone in the department has been upset by the event, the pt found himself increasingly preoccupied with what he called "mysterious signs and circumstances" around the time of the tragedy and what he felt was the police chief's desire to "sweep it all under the carpet". Two days after the event, he began to hear voices on his car radio warning him about surveillance by "corrupt" members of the police department, who were "trying to bring him over" to their side with "brainwashing KGB techniques". Soon after, he began to hear a "whine" from his earpiece, which he recognized as the brainwashing. Unable to bear it any longer, he crushed the earpiece. Although he was able to pass this off an an accident at the time, he remains terrified that he might "lose it" agin. Subsequently, he returned to his usual state and did not experience further psychotic symptoms. What is the likely diagnosis? A. Brief psychotic disorder. B. Delusional disorder, persecutory type. C. Schizophrenia. D. Schizophreniform disorder. - ✔✔-A. Brief psychotic disorder. This disorder is characterized by schizophrenic symptoms that have been evident at least 1 day and no more than 1 month. A SW should specify With Marked Stressor(s) if symptoms seem to be caused by a stressful event; Without Marked Stressor(s) if symptoms do not seem to be caused by a stressful event; With Postpartum Onset if symptoms appear within 4- weeks postpartum; specify fight Catatonia if the individual meets the criteria for Catatonia.. A 21- year- old college student complains that he has developed "an uncomfortable relationship with food". His current symptoms seem to be consistent with an eating disorder. Which of the following pieces of information would help distinguish b/w anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa? A. He has lost significant weight and appears emaciated. B. He is highly critical of his body. C. He regularly binges on high- calorie, high- fat foods. D. He uses large quantities of laxative tablets each day. - ✔✔-A. He has lost significant weight and appears emaciated. The key difference b/w bulimia nervosa and anorexia nervosa, binge- eating/ purging type, is the current body weight. It is common for individuals to move from one diagnosis to the other depending on body weight, so evaluating current body weight and behavior is important. A 32- year- old woman presents to the emergency department, requesting help for back pain. She says that she has wrestled with this pain for 2 years, after a minor skiing accident, and no medications or interventions have helped. No physical evidence explains the degree of pain she reports. The pain prevents her from working as a ballerina. She loves her job but says that for the past few years, budget cuts have stressed the entire ballet company. She denies any problems with sleep, anxiety, or mood. Her body weight is 90% of expected, and she denies any problems with her weight or diet. She is cooperative, and her thought process is linear. What is the likely diagnosis? A. Adjustment disorder. B. Anorexia nervosa. C. Major depressive disorder. D. Somatic symptom disorder, with predominant pain. - ✔✔-D. Somatic symptom disorder, with predominant pain This disorder is characterized by six or more months of a general preoccupation with fears of having a serious disease that has not been detected based on the individual's misinterpretation of bodily symptoms (previously known as hypchondriasis. The conviction persists despite negative physical and laboratory findings. It causes clinically significant distress and impairment. A 3- year- old girls in a park attempts to sit on the lap of a homeless person. She is pulled away by her mother who recently has been out of town. While the mother was away, the girl had been under the care of the grandmother who spent little time with the girl. The girl does not respond to the affection shown to her by her mother or grandmother. The girl is indiscriminately affectionate with strangers. She has no evidence of motor abnormalities and has met all developmental milestones appropriately. What is the likely diagnosis? A. Autism spectrum disorder. B. Mental retardation. C. Reactive attachment disorder. D. Rett syndrome. - ✔✔-C. Reactive attachment disorder. This disorder is characterized as a disruption in a child's normal attachment behavior. It is the result of grossly negligent parenting and maltreatment. The child exhibits a pattern of inhibited, emotionally withdrawn behavior toward adult caregivers. There is minimal social and emotional responsiveness to others, episodes of unexplained irritability, sadness or fearfulness with adult caregivers. The onset must have been before age 5. Developmentally the child should be at least 9 months old. A 30- year- old retail manager at a cosmetics store with no previous psychiatric hx finds herself experiencing distinct periods of intense anxiety two to three times per day. She is concerned b/c she has never experienced anything like this in the past. During the episodes she feels tremulous, hot, and faint, with palpitations and fear of loss of control. She denies any drug use and any recent stressors. This problem has been getting worse over the past few months and has affected her ability to function at work. She also has been losing weight and eating more. She is worried that her health has affected her appearance b/c her skin looks different, her hair is thinning, and she has swelling in her neck. What is the likely diagnosis? A. Agoraphobia. B. Anxiety disorder due to another medical condition. C. Generalized anxiety disorder. D. Social anxiety disorder (social phobia). - ✔✔-B. Anxiety disorder due to another medical condition. A 20- year- old college freshman is brought to the attention of the dormitory resident assistant b/c she is not attending meals in the dining hall. The student says she feels anxious about being in the crowded kitchen and dining hall. Similarly, she has ordered all her schoolbooks online to avoid being in the bookstore b/c "it is too overwhelming". She also has not attended some of her crowded lectures. The student is able to have a good conversation in the hall of the dormitory with the resident assistant. The student denies fearing scrutiny by others. She explains that she avoids some places b/c she found that in malls or other crowded ares, she feels very worried, faints, sweaty, and dizzy. She is afraid of losing control and in being in situations where she cannot escape. What is the likely diagnosis? A. Acute stress disorder. B. Agoraphobia. C. Posttraumatic stress disorder. D. Social anxiety disorder. - ✔✔-B. Agoraphobia. [Show More]

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