DA 11 radiology exam 2 Questions and Answers (100% Guaranteed Pass)

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What are the 3 intraoral procedures? 1. Bitewing examination 2. Periapical examination 3. Occlusal examination What size film are occlusal xrays taken with 4 (the big one) What are the 2... x ray techniques for PAs? Bisecting: for a shallow palette, when there is trouble getting into the mouth Paralleling: imaginary line is parallel to pid Shadow casting principle that x-rays cast shadows of images onto the image receptor, producing a radiographic image of the teeth and supporting structures Six principles of shadow casting 1. X-rays should be emitted from the smallest source of radiation as possible 2. X-ray source to object distance should be as long as possible, the longer the source to the tooth the better the x-ray 3. The object to receptor distance should be as short as possible, the closer the proximity of the tooth to the film the lesser the image enlargement 4. The receptor and long axis of the tooth should be parallel to each other, if not parallel a distorted image occurs 5. The x-ray beam should be perpendicular to the receptor 6. There should be no movement of the tube, film, or patient during exposure What technique meets all six requirements? Neither paralleling or bisecting technique completely meets all six requirements for accurate shadow casting, however paralleling technique meets more requirements What are the film sizes? 0: child PA, BW 1: adult anterior PA 2: (preferred size) adult PA, BW, child occlusal 3: extra long BW 4: occlusal in adults Know the landmarks/locations for the films** What type of film do we use at Oxnard College Size 2 film What are the three main types of x-rays? Bite wing, periapical, and occlusal What is the most frequently taken x-ray intraoral radiograph technique The BW ____ Are especially useful in detecting caries in posterior teeth The bitewing ____ Shows the image of the crown and the alveolar bone of the maxillary and mandibular teeth on a single film The bitewing Are bitewings usually taken on regular appointments? Yes _____ Are also taken in conjunction with PAs during a full mouth series because they reveal caries in its early stages, especially in the premolar/molar region Bitewings What size film is standard and used for interior occlusal PA and bite wings Size 2 What is the goal of a bite wing? To open up the tooth and not have any overlapping, to see between the teeth What are the two types of bitewings that you can take? Horizontal and vertical for perio to see the bone area Why is size 2 film the most ideal when taking bite wings? Because you have less overlapping of the teeth and can see cavities more clear, and have clearer bone levels True or false: it is equally important to focus on imaging the distal and mesial halves of the teeth that are adjacent to those of interest True Where should you line up premolar bitewings? The middle of the canine, the distal half of the canine and mesial part of the premolar Where should you line up molar bite wings? On the distal half of the second premolar How can you prevent bad angulation? By keeping the rinn parallel to the tubehead What happens if your vertical angulation is too steep? The image on the film is shorter than the actual tooth What happens when the x-rays taken too high The tooth looks shrunk What happens when the x-ray is too flat/shallow The image on the film is longer than the actual tooth, the tooth looks long, which messes up the bone length for the doctor What are cone cut x-rays? When the tube is off-center to the side and no x-rays hit the film showing a white exposure Radiopaque substance does not allow x-rays to pass through and appears white or light gray on the resulting film Radiolucent a substance that allows x-rays to pass through and appears black or dark gray on the resulting film Are rinn kits autoclavable Yes What is the purpose of the periapical exam? To view the entire tooth in the surrounding bone What does a periapical x-ray show The entire tooth including the root end (Apex) and area around it Which angles can take the PA? Both the paralleling or bisecting angle How many films are in a PA exam? 14 total for PAs. If you include BW it's 18 What happens if the white does not go to the light? The x-ray gets shot through the lead film What is the order of the film packet Black paper, film, lead foil Latent image The invisible image on the x-ray film after exposure but before processing X-rays must be mounted in what order Anatomic order for thorough and systematic information What should you always label on film mounts? The patient's name, date of exposure, name of practice Define Mount to place in an appropriate setting, as for display or study Who can mount films? Any trained dental professional who knows the landmarks - DDS, RDH, RDA, DA, but usually it's whoever the radiographer was When are films mounted? immediately after processing When the patient is still in the building What does the dot help determine? The patients right and left sides What are the two types of film mounting methods? Lingual method and labial method Films are viewed as if you are sitting on the patient's tongue/standing behind the patient Lingual method When looking at films with the labial method, my ____ is their ____ Left , right Recommended by the ADA, this mounting perspective is from the lips looking in, the view is crisscrossed Labial method, what we view on the right side is the patient's left side The dot is raised when viewing as if you were outside of the patient looking in, on the film the dot is convexed/a pimple not a dimple Labial method What are the three categories on the film mount? Anterior PAs, posterior PAs, bitewing films How many roots does a Mandibular molar have 2. Maxillary has 3 True or false: the body of the mandible has an upward curve True What can you see on maxillary posterior films The roots and the sinus What is the correct mounting order? 1. Bitewings first 2. Anterior PAs, Maxillary then mandibular 3. Posterior PAs, Maxillary then mandibular Radiolucent Portion of the x-ray that appears dark/black, a lot of x-rays hitting the film, not stopped by an object Radiopaque Portion of the x-ray that appears light/white, no x-rays hitting the film, stopped by an object Intra Oral Consists of methods of exposing dental xray film, phosphor plates, or digital sensors within the oral cavity Occlusal (left) PA (top) BW (bottom) What technique is this Bisecting angle. 2 triangles having equal angles What technique is this Paralleling. Rays hit film perpendicular Is there a correlation between the position and angulation of elements in xrays and the way shadows are cast? yes what is the Radiographic source? the focal point in the xray tube what is the Receptor? the film of an xray sensor What are the 6 principles of shadow casting? 1. Xrays should be emitted from the smallest source of radiation possible 2. The xray source - to - object distance should be as long as possible 3. The object to receptor distance should be as short as possible 4. The receptor and long axis of the tooth should be parallel to each other 5. the x ray beam should be perpendicular to the receptor 6. there should be no movement of the tube, film, or patient during exposure What's the best technique accommodating shadow casting principles? Paralleling. It holds the most shadow casting principles Size 4 film is used for occlusal radiographs Size 3 film is used for horizontal bitewings in adults. Extra long Size 1 Adult anterior PA Size 2 Adult PA, BW Child occlusal Size 0 child PA, BW Canine, bicuspid, and molars is shown with what film Size 3, extra long BW size 4 film occlusal film in adults. Extra large one What's the landmark for the canine shot? The center of the canine The size of the image receptor depends on age, oral cavity size, shape of arch, any conditions or anatomical limitations, the patients ability to tolerate the receptor, and the image receptor positioning technique being used achieved by directing the central rays perpendicularly (at a right angle) toward the surface of the image receptor in a horizontal plane horizontal angulation achieved by directing the central rays perpendicularly (at a right angle) toward the surface of the image receptor in a vertical plane vertical angulation These types of X-rays can be taken using either paralleling or bisecting technique PAs PAs and bitewings can be made with what 3 sizes 0,1,2 When the PA exam includes a series of films that images (show) all of the teeth Full Mouth Survey/ series ____ are often included in the FMS BWs This phrase refers to the positioning of the dot towards the incisal or occlusal edges for both maxillary and mandibular PA xrays Dot in the Slot Placing the dot in the slot will position the dot away from ____ the apices of the teeth where it can interfere with diagnosis incorrect horizontal angulation results in images that are overlapped teeth __________ is established by directing the central rays perpendicularly through the mean tangents of the embrasures (small opening) between the teeth of interest horizontal angulation the central ray of the xray beam must be directed through the contact areas of the teeth horizontal angulation the "left to right movement" of the cone horizontal angulation the positioning of the central ray in the up and down plane vertical angulation this angulation is used to expose maxillary teeth positive angulation, the PID is towards the floor this angulation is used for the exposure of mandibular teeth negative angulation, PID is towards the ceiling incorrect _________ when using paralleling technique results in cutting off a portion of area of interest from the image vertical angulation when the _____ is excessive, the incisal or occlusal edges of the teeth will be cut off and image will be shortened vertical angulation when the ______ is inadequate, the root apices will be cut off and image will be elongated vertical angulation the ___________ may be located using a film holder and external aiming device the point of entry The incorrect point of entry, or not centering the film packet, results in cone cuts when using the bisecting angle technique, always use the recommended landmarks should the PID be as close to the skin as possible? yes. failure results in an underexposed xray known as the interproximal radiograph the bitewing this type of xray images the crowns and alveolar bone of both the maxillary and mandibular teeth on a single film the bitewing bitewing film sizes 0,1,2,3 what is the advantage of using the largest size film possible the amount of structures imaged, including the development of permanent teeth, will be increased what method of film mounting is this lingual. where the view is from inside their mouth or behind the patient . this method is not preferred what is the preferred way of film mounting? labial method, the pimple is out/convexed. in this view, what the viewer sees as the right side is the patients left side what teeth have the longest roots compared to their adjacent teeth? canines what molars have three roots maxillary molars true or false: roots and crowns of the maxillary anterior teeth are larger and longer than the mandibular true Vertical vs horizontal angulation vertical angulation: Direct the central ray of the x-ray beam perpendicular to the film and the long axis of the tooth. Horizontal angulation: Direct the central ray of the x-ray beam through the contact areas between the teeth. landmark for maxillary premolar middle of the canine landmark for the maxillary molar middle of the 2nd pre molar landmark for the premolar bitewing middle/distal half of the mandibular canine landmark for the molar bitewing distal end of the 2nd mandibular premolar landmark for the mandibular premolar middle of the canine landmark for the mandibular molar mesial of the first molar landmark for the canine middle of the canine landmark for the central incisors middle of the central incisors, central incisors centered on the film With this method the dimple concaves Lingual With this method the dimple is convexed Labial [Show More]

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