Intro to Ethics – PHIL 200 Unit 1 Questions and Answers,100% CORRECT

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Intro to Ethics – PHIL 200 Unit 1 Questions and Answers Unit 1 Challenge 1 Which of the following statements best describes the relationship between philosophy and science? An... swer: Philosophy is concerned with how to understand and interpret scientific facts. Philosophy helps define concepts that are at the center of scientific study. Philosophy pursues truths that cannot be determined through empirical observation. Which of the following is a philosophical question? Answer: Is it possible for a computer to have free will? How much freedom should individuals have? What would life on other planets mean for us? Which of the following is a benefit of philosophy? Answer: We learn to recognize and guard against bias. People learn to ask questions about the foundations of moral judgments. Consistency is maintained between actions and beliefs. Amy wants to know if lying is ever morally acceptable. She reads the results of a web search on the question, "Can I lie to save my own life?" Which step of philosophical inquiry has Amy just done? Answer: Identify positions on the question Which of the following actions represents the step, "Advance a Thesis"? Answer: A principal says students should focus more on academics than extracurricular activities. Dan wants to know whether playing video games constitutes a sport. In order to approach the question philosophically, what should his first step be? Answer: Dan should ask, "What is a sport?" Unit 1 Challenge 2 Which of the following is an argument? Answer: Shakespeare wrote The Tempest. The Tempest was written by an Englishman in the 1600s. Therefore, Shakespeare was an Englishman in the 1600s. Simon's restaurant receives the best reviews from local food critics. Therefore, Simon's restaurant is the best restaurant in the city. Given my brother's passion for the outdoors, he would make a good forest ranger. Consider the following argument: (1) Since eating trans fat increases "bad" cholesterol, (2) and "bad" cholesterol is related to a number of heart problems, (3) eating trans fats is unhealthy. (4) Trans fats have no known health benefits. Which of the four numbered statements is the conclusion? Answer: 3 Which one is the conclusion? Answer: Jeremy is financially irresponsible. Anthony is sick. Which of the following is an inductive argument? Answer: Lisa is an artist. Most artists are extremely talented. Therefore, Lisa is probably extremely talented. Which of the following is a deductive argument? Answer: There is no circumstance under which my town will ever cancel fireworks on the Fourth of July. So even if it's pouring rain, the fireworks will happen. Richard works out three days a week. Everyone who works out multiple times a week is strong. Therefore, Richard is strong. Which of the following is a strong inductive argument? Answer: Matt is into 1980s hip-hop. Run DMC is one of the most popular hip-hop groups from the 1980s. Therefore Matt is into Run DMC's music. Everyone named Bethany has exquisite taste in furniture. My sister's name is Bethany. My sister therefore has exquisite taste in furniture. Which type of argument is this? Answer: Valid deductive Amy works for a company called Dewey, Cheatum, and Livingston. Some of that company's employees are accountants. Amy is probably an accountant. Which type of argument is this? Answer: Weak inductive An argument is strong and the premises are all true. Which of the following terms best describes the argument? Answer: Cogent An argument is weak, but the premises and conclusion are all true. Which of the following terms best describes the argument? Answer: Uncogent An argument is valid, but one of its premises is false. Which of the following terms best describes the argument? Answer: Unsound Unit 1 Challenge 3 Which of the following statements is true of ethics? Answer: Professional and personal interactions depend on ethical behavior. Ethics is about determining what is moral and what is immoral. Ethics seeks to define the good and the bad. Ethical topics are often closely related to issues of law, etiquette, or religion. Which of the following is an issue of etiquette? Answer: It’s considered bad manners to burp at the dinner table. Which of the following is an issue of law? Answer: Some states forbid the sale of alcohol on Sundays. Landlord Hank installs working smoke detectors in all of his properties. Which of the following considerations is ethically relevant to a person buying coffee? Answer: Were the farmers fairly compensated? Which of the following is an ethical consideration for an employee who uses the work printer for personal projects? Answer: Does management approve of this behavior? Which of the following considerations is ethically relevant to a person who won the lottery? Answer: Should I donate part of my winnings to charity? Which of the following statements is an example of descriptive ethics? Answer: Most people agree that bringing their pet bulls into china shops is morally wrong. Which of the following questions is an example of normative ethics? Answer: What obligation do children have to their aging parents? Hank creates a concept map to compare how Kantian deontology and virtue-based ethics evaluate eating meat. This is an example of which branch of ethics? Answer: Metaethics Jason sees a neighbor collapse from a heart attack on her front lawn. Which of the following decisions would likely constitute an obligatory action in that moment? Answer: Jason has his son call 911 while he begins CPR. Most academic institutions have severe penalties for students who attempt to pass off another's work as their own. Such academic dishonesty is thus generally considered to be a(n) action. Answer: impermissible Dave and Margaret have hosted Thanksgiving dinner every year for two decades. Despite their family's protests, they've decided not to host this year. Their decision is likely an example of a(n) action. Answer: neutral Which of the following statements reflects objectivism? Answer: Lorraine believes that murder is wrong, regardless of a person's culture. Which of the following statements reflects conventionalism? Answer: Torture is acceptable because we've been doing it here for many years. Which of the following statements reflects relativism? Answer: Jesse thinks that right is whatever a person feels comfortable doing. Unit 1 Milestone Jerome conducts a survey to see how many of his neighbors believe they have a moral duty to report suspicious activity to the police. He finds that 8 in 10 believe they have such a duty. Which branch of ethics do the results of Jerome's survey represent? Answer: Descriptive ethics Which of the following statements reflects subjectivism? Answer: Dennis says that morality is a personal choice. An argument is valid, and its premises are true. Which of the following terms best describes the argument? Answer: Sound (1) Mortgage rates are at an all time low. (2) It is therefore a good time to buy a home. (3) Also, property values have been increasing over the last five years, and (4) a number of new homes in my neighborhood are for sale. Which of the four numbered statements is the conclusion? Answer: 2 Russ plays the bassoon. Most bassoon players can easily learn the saxophone. It's therefore likely that Russ could easily learn the saxophone. Which type of argument is this? Answer: Strong inductive Which of the following is a weak inductive argument? Answer: Krista's favorite composer is Tchaikovsky. Jason also likes Tchaikovsky. Jason and Krista probably have a lot in common. Judy owns a bookstore/cafe that has always done pretty well. However, a new competitor recently opened a block away, and Judy's business has decreased. Which of the following decisions would likely constitute an impermissible action on Judy's part? Answer: Judy invents a distasteful rumor about her competitor and tells it to her customers. Many people confuse topics of religion, social etiquette, and law with ethical topics. Select the example related to social etiquette. Answer: Nathan talks loudly on his cell phone while standing in line at the store. Select the example related to law. Answer: I am the only insured driver, so my daughter cannot drive the rental car. Which of the following considerations is relevant to a person whose elderly parents are sick but refuse to make an appointment at the doctor? Answer: Is it her place to make decisions for her parents? The following statements are all part of one argument. Which one is the conclusion? Answer: Jenny misses her mother. Which of the following is a key benefit of philosophy? Answer: Philosophy allows us to construct logical arguments. What is the goal of philosophy? Answer: To pursue truth Which of the following is an inductive argument? Answer: My new car has a built-in GPS. My friend’s new car has a built-in GPS, and so does my mom’s new car. It follows that all new cars have a built-in GPS. Which of the following is a benefit of philosophy? Answer: Philosophy improves critical thinking skills. Which of the following statements is true of ethics? Answer: Ethics is concerned with right and wrong. Objectivity is vital to ethical thought. Which of the following considerations is ethically relevant to a person who's been asked for money on the street? Answer: Is giving money the best way to help? Which of the following statements about philosophy is true? Answer: Philosophy is concerned with seeking and recognizing knowledge. Which of the following is an argument? Answer: There's not a cloud in the sky today, so you should wear sunscreen if you go outside. Janet studies every day and takes notes in class. She will probably do well in the class for that reason. Which of the following is a philosophical question? Answer: Can one sport be objectively better than another? What is the best system of morality? Which of the following statements reflects objectivism? Answer: The same ethical standards apply to all cultures. Which of the following actions represents the step, "Identify positions on the question"? Answer: A graduate student spends several hours in the library reading books on a particular ethical issue. Which of the following is a deductive argument? Answer: Traffic is very heavy today. When traffic is heavy, I take the bus to work. I will take the bus to work today. An argument is invalid, but the conclusion is true. Which of the following terms best describes the argument? Answer: Unsound Kevin has thoroughly researched whether artificial intelligence can have free will. In order to continue his philosophical inquiry, what should Kevin's next step be? Answer: Kevin should carefully consider each argument for or against artificial intelligence having free will. Ingrid believes local businesses have obligations to their community. Which branch of ethics does Ingrid's belief represent? Answer: Normative ethics Ricardo and Monica volunteered to serve food at their church picnic during the 8-10 AM shift. At the end of their shift, they noticed that the kitchen was still pretty busy, so they continued to help through the next shift. Most people would likely say their decision is an example of a(n) action. Answer: supererogatory [Show More]

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