NURS 8022 Chapter 31: Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function in Children Huether & McCance: Understanding Pathophysiology, 6th Edition MULTIPLE CHOICE

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1. Upon examination of a male infant, it is determined that the urethral meatus is located on the undersurface of the penis. The nurse will document this condition as: a. hypospadias. b. epispadias... . c. hydroureter. d. cryptorchidism. ANS: A When the urethral meatus is located on the undersurface of the penis, it is referred to as hypospadias. Epispadias occurs when the urethral meatus is on the dorsal surface of the penis. Hydroureter is not associated with the urethra. Cryptorchidism refers to undescended testes. REF: p. 770 2. An infant male experiences a constant dribbling of urine. His urethral opening is located behind the glans. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis the nurse will observe on the chart? a. Anterior epispadias b. Posterior epispadias c. Exstrophy of the bladder d. Bladder outlet obstruction ANS: A Anterior epispadias occurs when the urethral opening is small and situated behind the glans. Posterior epispadias occurs when a fissure extends the entire length of the penis and into the bladder neck. Exstrophy of the bladder occurs when the bladder is exposed on the abdominal wall. Bladder outlet obstruction occurs when urinary outflow is obstructed. REF: p. 771 3. What term is used to describe a chronic renal failure caused by a lack of development of one of the kidneys? a. Renal dysplasia b. Renal agenesis c. Hypoplastic kidney d. Renal aplasia ANS: D During embryologic development, the ureteric duct grows into the metanephric tissue, triggering the formation of the kidneys. If this growth does not occur, the kidney is absent, a condition called renal aplasia. Renal dysplasia usually results from abnormal differentiation of the renal tissues. Renal agenesis is the absence of one or both kidneys. Hypoplastic kidney is small with a decreased number of nephrons. REF: p [Show More]

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