SOPHIA UNIVERSITY INSTITUTE - SOCIOLOGY 101 SOCIOLOGY_UNIT_4_MILESTONE QUESTION AND ANSWERS_A+ GRADE.

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SOCIOLOGY UNIT 4 MILESTONE 1 Marx's term for those who control the means of production is __________. • proletarians • alienators • socialists • capitalists CONCEPT Marx and Class ... Conflict 2 When the Berlin Wall fell and the Soviet Union dissolved, many people experienced __________ because these large social changes impacted their life circumstances and position in society. • structural social mobility • the transition to a meritocracy • the transition to a class system • the dissolution of a caste system CONCEPT Class System 3 The division of labor includes a variety of positions, from doctors to truck drivers. According to Davis and Moore, why are some positions better-paid than others? • Some positions have a higher status. Those who work in those positions earn more. • If all positions were paid (approximately) equally, there would be no incentive to enter professions that are most-needed by society. • Some positions are filled only by upper-class people, who demand higher pay. • None of the answer choices are correct. CONCEPT Davis Moore Thesis and the Egalitarian Society 4 Both white ethnic Americans and white Anglo-Saxon Protestants (WASPs) are white. What is the difference between these two ethnic groups? • White ethnic Americans trace their ancestry to the original inhabitants of North America; WASPs trace their ancestry to English Protestant groups. • White ethnic Americans descend from disadvantaged Europeans; WASPs descend from English Protestants. • White ethnic Americans trace their ancestry to white Europeans; WASPs are descended from disadvantaged English Protestants. • None of the answer choices are correct. CONCEPT Race and Ethnicity in the US 5 What central insight did anthropologist Margaret Mead achieve as a result of her research on gender in New Guinea? • Mead found that differences in gender roles and behaviors are culturally-patterned, and do not reflect biological differences. • Mead found that gender roles and behaviors are based on human biological differences. • Mead found no real differences between gender roles across societies. • Mead found that men always did the cooking, and that this must have some biological basis. CONCEPT Gender and Gender Stratification 6 According to Rostow's stages of modernization, in which stage do luxuries become necessities to most of society? • Stage of mass consumption • Traditional stage • Stage of highly-advanced technology • Take-off stage CONCEPT Modernization and Dependency Theory 7 __________ refers to exploitation and domination by multinational corporations. • Modernization theory • Neocolonialism • Colonialism • Dependency theory CONCEPT Colonialism and Neocolonialism 8 Sweatshop workers are affected by the practice of __________, in which employers charge employees for necessities (e.g., housing), but don't pay them enough to cover those costs. • human trafficking • chattel slavery • child slavery • debt bondage CONCEPT Slavery and Human Trafficking 9 Sheila is a single mother who works but can't seem to get ahead. Most of Sheila's friends, and many of her coworkers at the diner where she is employed, are single mothers who live in poverty too. Sheila and her friends reflect which of the following trends in society? • The rise in the need for corporate welfare • Functional poverty • The feminization of poverty • The rise in the need for individual welfare CONCEPT Poverty, Welfare and Power 10 Throughout most of the 20th century, South Africa had which of the following social characteristics? • Meritocracy • Equality • Apartheid • Caste system CONCEPT Inequalities in Patterns of Interaction 11 Saudi Arabia and Australia are examples of which of the following? • Middle-income countries • High-income countries • Peripheral countries • Low-income countries CONCEPT High, Middle and Low Income Countries 12 The argument that everyone is prejudiced in some way is central to which of the following theories of prejudice? • Conflict theory • Culture theory • Scapegoat theory • Authoritarian personality theory CONCEPT Theories of Inequality in Race 13 Which of the following is true of race? • Racial traits have no intrinsic meaning. The meaning of race is constructed in society. • Racial differences reflect biological differences that lead to differences in skills, knowledge, and abilities. • People of different races have very different genes. • Racial makeup determines personality. CONCEPT Race and Ethnicity: Prejudice and Racism 14 Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka was a response to which of the following? • Prejudice • Assimilation • Institutional discrimination • Miscegenation CONCEPT Discrimination 15 Wealth and status are important social indicators in America. Although he wouldn't admit it, Bob feels a sense of satisfaction when he puts on an expensive suit, drives his new car to pick up his date, and takes her to an exclusive restaurant. Bob's behavior illustrates which of the following? • Conspicuous consumption • Wealth • Socioeconomic status • Social mobility CONCEPT Income, Wealth, and Occupations 16 Which of the following statements is consistent with Immanuel Wallerstein's model of the capitalist world economy? • Low-income countries form the global economy's periphery. • Low-income countries form the global economy's core. • The world economy does not make poor nations dependent on rich nations. • Colonization no longer serves as the foundation of the global economy. CONCEPT Capitalist World Economy 17 Which of the following claims is supported by the Kuznets curve? • Equality in society starts to decrease during the period of industrialization. • There is no clear relationship between technology and inequality. • Inequality is very low in societies that are not technologically advanced. CONCEPT Kuznets Curve 18 Select the statement about fundamentalists that is true. • Fundamentalists hold progressive beliefs and acknowledge non-traditional worldviews. • Fundamentalists believe that sacred texts provide general guidelines for living. They are not meant to be interpreted literally. • Fundamentalists acknowledge the beliefs of other religions, but only follow the rules and standards of their own. • Fundamentalists maintain that their beliefs are true, and any other beliefs are not. CONCEPT Religious Organizations 19 Which of the following is a correct pairing? • Feminism A position that promotes female dominance over men • Sexual harassment Harassment that always occurs in the home • Feminism Support for equality between men and women • Sexual harassment Harassment that only involves physical contact CONCEPT Problems in Gender Inequality 20 Which of the following identifies a society with a system of stratification that allows almost no social mobility? • Open society or class system • Closed society or caste system • Bureaucracy • Meritocracy CONCEPT Social Stratification 21 Monica and Marta discuss their plans for life after school. Earlier in the day, a guidance counselor visited their class and encouraged students to "be the best you can be." Monica scoffed at the guidance counselor's words and told Marta, "We're part of a minority group (Mexican immigrants). Our families don't have much money, and we're female. The cards are stacked against us." Monica's comments indicate which of the following sociological concepts? • Classism • Matriarchy • Sexism • Intersectionality CONCEPT Gender Roles and Sexism 22 Tammy and Michelle believe that capitalism perpetuates inequality between men and women. They organize a protest against the patriarchy entrenched in the capitalist system. Tammy and Michelle are part of which of the following groups of feminists? • Liberal feminists • Socialist feminists • Radical feminists • Modern feminists CONCEPT Feminism 23 Which of the following statements about Emile Durkheim's perspective on religion is true? • Durkheim believed religion serves as a form of social solidarity, joining people together through rituals, customs, and symbols. • Durkheim asserted that religion is based on sacred beliefs and rituals. • All of the answer choices are correct. • Durkheim saw religion as crucial to the continued maintenance of society. CONCEPT Functions of Religion [Show More]

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