2020 SOPHIA Learning/ Sophia Ethics Unit 1 Milestone. You passed this Milestone (Correct Answers Highlighted in Yellow)

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SOPHIA MILESTONE 1 You passed this Milestone 1 Which of the following statements is true of ethics? • Objectivity is vital to ethical thought. • Ethics is not subject to the same level ... of rigor as other philosophical pursuits. • Ethical behavior has little to do with interpersonal interaction. • Ethical principles are just personal opinions. CONCEPT Introduction to Philosophical Ethics 2 Many people confuse topics of religion, social etiquette, and law with ethical topics. Select the example related to law. • Nancy was baptized when she was a baby. • I am the only insured driver, so my daughter cannot drive the rental car. • Jack allows a woman with children to board the airplane first. • We tipped the server 25% because he did an excellent job. CONCEPT Ethical and Non-Ethical Topics 3 An argument is invalid, but the conclusion is true. Which of the following terms best describes the argument? • Unsound • Cogent • Uncogent • Sound CONCEPT Evaluating an Argument 4 Which of the following is the best definition for philosophy? • The pursuit of truths that cannot be determined empirically • A method of explaining the fundamental nature of existence • The study of using argumentation and logic to persuade others • A set of beliefs that is accepted as true without evidence CONCEPT Introduction to Philosophy 5 Consider the following argument: (1) Mortgage rates are at an all time low. (2) It is therefore a good time to buy a home. (3) Also, property values have been increasing over the last five years, and (4) a number of new homes in my neighborhood are for sale. Which of the four numbered statements is the conclusion? • 3 • 2 • 1 • 4 CONCEPT Premises and Conclusions 6 Which of the following is a key benefit of philosophy? • Philosophy identifies ways we can improve relationships. • Philosophy helps us understand how people behave. • Philosophy allows us to construct logical arguments. • Philosophy teaches us about other cultures. CONCEPT Benefits of Philosophy and Ethics 7 Which of the following considerations is ethically relevant to a person who's buying a new car? • Will driving this car make people think I'm having a midlife crisis? • Does a convertible make sense in my city's climate zone? • Will this car keep my family and me safe on the road? • Can I afford a new car, or do I have to buy used? CONCEPT Actions and Events 8 Which of the following is an argument? • Every time your phone rings, your brain releases a chemical called dopamine. • Donuts are the best breakfast food. I had one this morning. • I got eight hours of sleep and ate a healthy breakfast. Therefore, I am going to have a great day. • If you don't water your plants, they will wilt. If you water them, they will be healthy. If you fertilize them, they will be healthier. CONCEPT Introduction to Arguments 9 Which of the following is a valid deductive argument? • Smith is one of the most common last names in the United States. My friend Todd is a very common person. Therefore, Todd's last name is Smith. • All cyclists are health-conscious. Byron is health-conscious. Therefore, Byron is a cyclist. • Every time it snows, the roads need to be plowed. It is supposed to snow later today. Therefore, the roads will need to be plowed later today. • For over five decades, fantasy fiction has been very popular. It will probably continue to be popular in the coming decade. CONCEPT Evaluating the Structure of an Argument 10 Because she is a teacher who works with children, Yuki is required by law to report suspected abuse. One day a student says that his dad frequently hits him after having a drink. Despite the boy's insistence that it's a secret, Yuki informs the school office, which calls the authorities. Yuki's decision constitutes a(n) __________ action. • impermissible • obligatory • neutral • supererogatory CONCEPT The Evaluation of Actions 11 Ingrid believes local businesses have obligations to their community. Which branch of ethics does Ingrid's belief represent? • Metaethics • Descriptive ethics • Normative ethics CONCEPT Branches of Ethics 12 Susan is studying the morality of taking terminally ill patients off life support. After thorough research and consideration of many different views, she argues that doctors have a moral obligation to use whatever means are available to preserve a patient's life. Which step of philosophical inquiry has Susan done? • Advance a thesis and justification • Specify your question • Evaluate positions • Identify positions on the question CONCEPT The Philosophical Approach to Inquiry 13 Which of the following is a philosophical question? • When was the first World Series played? • Can one sport be objectively better than another? • How many people live in poverty in the world? • What is the capital of the United States? CONCEPT Philosophical and Non-Philosophical Inquiry 14 Which of the following statements reflects conventionalism? • Moral truths do not exist. • Moral truths differ from person to person. • Moral truths differ from culture to culture. • Moral truths are universal. CONCEPT Categorizing Ethical Theories 15 Which of the following is an inductive argument? • My new car has a built-in GPS. My friend’s new car has a built-in GPS, and so does my mom’s new car. It follows that all new cars have a built-in GPS. • There are two cans of cat food in the cupboard beneath the kitchen sink. There are three cans of cat food in the cupboard next to the sink. There is no other cat food in the house. Therefore, there are five cans of cat food. • Mary is on vacation. If Mary is on vacation, then she will not be able to attend the baby shower today. Therefore, Mary will not be able to attend the baby shower today. • Jane, David, and Luke are a small family. Jane has brown eyes. David and Luke have brown eyes, too. Thus, all members of the family have [Show More]

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