(Veterinary Technician Exam) VTNE MATH Problems, Solved

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VTNE MATH Problems, Solved-A 20-kg patient is currently receiving 52 ml/hr of Lactated Ringer's Solution. The clinician has requested that 2 mg/kg/day of metoclopramide be added to the bag. Metoclopra... mide is available as a 5 mg/ml solution. How many milliliters do you need to add to a 1 liter bag? - This is definitely a more complicated calculation question, but when broken down it is not insurmountable. A 20-kg patient will need 40 mg/day of metoclopramide (20 kg x 2 mg/kg/day) Since the fluid is being administered at an hourly rate, we need to figure out how much metoclopramide we are administering per hour. 40 mg/day / (24 hr) = 1.7 mg/hr To determine how much volume of metoclopramide is needed, the following math is performed: 1.7 mg/hr / (52 ml/hr) x (1000 ml)= 32.6 mg (Notice how the units cancel out.) 32.6 mg / (5 mg/ml) = 6.5 ml What quantity of drug is found in 200 mLs of a 10% solution? - 20 grams A 10% solution is equal to 100 mg/mL. The easiest way to remember this conversion is to add a zero to the percentage. (10%= 100 mg/mL, 15% = 150 mg/mL, etc.) If 1 mL is equal to 100 mg, then to find out the quantity of drug in 200 mLs, multiply 100 mg X 200 = 20,000 mg. There are 20,000 mg in 200 mLs of a 10% solution. But none of the choices are 20,000 mg. We need to go one step further and determine how many grams this is. 1 gram is equal to 1,000 mg. We need to divide the milligrams by 1,000. So, 20,000mg / 1,000 = 20 grams. You want to give a pre-surgical dose of antibiotics to your patient. You have a 1 gram vial of cefoxitin that is reconstituted with 5 mls of sterile water. You want to give a 20 mg/kg dose to a 25 kg dog. How many mls do you give? - 2.5mL Explanation The resulting concentration of the cefoxitin solution is 1gm/5ml or 200mg/ml. The desired dose is 20mg/kg x 25 kg = 500 mg 200 mg/ml x ____ ml= 500 mg, Therefore the answer is 2.5 ml A 10-year-old male neutered Pug presents in respiratory distress and appears to be having an allergic reaction. He has hives and a swollen face. The doctor asks you to get epinephrine ready at a dose of 0.02 mg/kg. He weighs 9 kg. When you get the bottle of epinephrine from the refrigerator it says it is a 1:1000 solution. How many mLs will you draw up for this patient? - Answer- 0.18 mL Explanation First you have to understand what a 1:1000 concentration means. A 1:1000 solution is the same as saying 1 gram in 1,000 mL. And we know that 1 gram is equal to 1,000 mg. So it would be 1,000 mg: 1000 mL which is the same as 1 mg/mL (when the thousands cancel out). Next you take the patient's weight in kg X the dose: 9 kg/dog X 0.02 mg/kg (the kg cancel out) = 0.18 mg/dog Now divide the dose by the concentration: 0.18 mg/dog x 1mg/mL (mg cancel out) = 0.18 mL/dog A 38-kg Great Dane is recovering from Gastric Dilatation Volvulus surgery. The doctor would like to send him home on Tramadol. The doctor requested that a prescription be filled out for 5 days at 3 mg/kg orally three times per day. How many pills should you send home? [Show More]

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