Mental Health NURS 222 Study Guide: Final 2021

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Alzheimer’s A. AD: a subtype of NCD that is neurocognitive, resulting in gradual impairment of cognitive function. It is the most common type of major NCD B. Characterized by progressive deterior... ation of cognitive functioning C. Initial deterioration may be subtle and go unnoticed ● Early stages may affect ability of person to compensate for loss of memory D. Later symptoms become more obvious ● Denial ● Confabulation: make up stories, not lying, used to protect ego and reduce anxiety ● Perseveration: avoids answering questions by repeating phrases or behaviors ● Avoidance of Questions E. Basic Medical Workup ● Chest & skull radiographic studies; Electroencephalography; Electrocardiography; Urinalysis; Sequential multiple analyzer 12-test serum profile; thyroid function tests; folate level; VDRL; Serum creatinine assay; serum creatinine assay; electrolyte assessment; vitamin B12 level; liver function test; vision and hearing eval; neuroimaging F. Stages of AD (Table 23.3 pg.438 Halter) ● Stage 1: No impairment (normal function) ● Stage 2: Very Mild Cognitive decline ● Stage 3: Mild Cognitive Decline (level door open, stove on, fridge is open) ● Stage 4: Moderate cognitive decline (clear signs & symptoms; inability to pay bills or manage finances) ● Stage 5: Moderately severe cognitive decline (difficulty getting dressed, or ability to go about their normal day to day routine; someone helps them) ● Stage 6: Severe cognitive decline (need constant supervision and frequent care; loose bowel and bladder control) ● Stage 7: very severe cognitive decline (closer to death & inability of swallowing) G. Main differences between dementia and Alzheimers ● Dementia: language becomes effective; ability to move is decreased and overall decline in function (able to see visual effects) ● Alzheimers: able to speak clearly but just don’t remember clearly; CT Scan (Amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles disrupts neuron signal) [Show More]

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