BIOL 2402 LAB ASSIGNMENT CHAPTER #8 [2020] –ENDOCRINE SYSTEM – University of Texas | BIOL2402 LAB ASSIGNMENT CHAPTER #8 [2020] –ENDOCRINE SYSTEM

Document Content and Description Below

BIOL 2402 LAB ASSIGNMENT CHAPTER #8 [2020] –ENDOCRINE SYSTEM – University of Texas BACKGROUND: The Endocrine system is one of 2 control systems of the body (the other is the Nervous system). H... ormones, with are products secreted by the Endocrine system to work on other tissues, regulate many bodily functions, including digestion, blood glucose levels, mood, and growth. PITUITARY ANIMATIONS: Endocrine System We start with the Pituitary Gland, which is the “Master gland” since it regulates the activity of other endocrine glands. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Released into the bloodstream for distribution Name the hormones produced by the PP. What is the source of the PP hormones? Produces no hormones of its own. Neurosecretory cells in the hypothalamus synthesize antidiuretic and oxytocin Name the function of each PP hormone. ADH acts on the kidneys to increase water retention from renal tubules and also acts to constrict blood vessels Oxytocin causes smooth muscle contractions in both the make and female reproductive tracts and also stimulates milk ejection by the lactating mammary glands Click on the ANIMATION – Hormonal Communication, and answer the following: In general, how does hormonal communication begin? Generally begins with a part of the neuroendocrine system recieving sensory information and reacting by issuing a command to the body in the form of a hormone How are hormones transported to target cells? Via the blodstream. What occurs when the hormones arrive at their targets? Bind to matching receptors on those cells and the hormone receptor complexes will trigger changes in the target cells. Click on the ANIMATION –Intracellular Receptor Model, and answer the following: - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - -- How do 2nd messengers affect changes inside of the cells? Efects changes inside the cell when a signal molecules binds to a receptor on the surace of the cells plasma membrane. Example: activating production of cyclic AMP and activation of G protein Typically, the G-protein activates _______________________________. one of two different second messenger pathways. Either production of Cyclic AMP or Calcium ions Return to the HOME screen, click the drop-down box on the MODULE menu. From the systems listed, click on ENDOCRINE. Navigate to & click on the DISSECTION – Hypothalamus/Pituitary /Pineal. Select Lateral View, and click through LAYERS 1-3, and then study Layer 4 in the Layer Controls window. What are the known functions of the Pineal gland? Secretion of melatonin and modifiied activity in endoocrine organs Navigate to & click on the IMAGING – Hypothalamus & Pituitary Click the TAGS ON/OFF, & select Sagittal View. Identify BOTH the Endocrine & NON-Endocrine Structures (Blue Pins). DONE Return to the HOME screen, click the drop-down box on the MODULE menu. From the systems listed, click on ENDOCRINE. Click on the ANIMATION – Thyroid Gland, and answer the following: The thyroid gland is composed of spherical structures called _________________. Thyroid follicles Describe the wall of these structures. Simple cubodial epithelium of folicular cells that surround a central lumen. What are located in the loose connective tissue between the follicles? Which cells secrete hormones? Capilaries and parafollicular Parafollicular cells secrete the hormone calcitonin which is invlolved in regualting calcium levelins in body fluids. What are the 2 different hormones referred to as the thyroid hormones? Triiodithyronine and tetraiodothyronine Name the hormone that maintains TH synthesis & secretion. Where is this hormone secreted? Thyoid Stimulatng Hormone (TSH) from the anterior pituitary Return to the HOME screen, click the drop-down box on the MODULE menu. From the systems listed, click on ENDOCRINE. Navigate to & click on the DISSECTION – Thyroid. Select Anterior View, and click through LAYERS 1-2, and then study Layer 3 in the Layer Controls window. Identify BOTH the Endocrine & NON-Endocrine Structures (Blue Pins). Return to the HOME screen, click the drop-down box on the MODULE menu. From the systems listed, click on ENDOCRINE. Click on the ANIMATION – Parathyroid Gland, and answer the following: How many parathyroid glands are there? What arteries supply these glands? Four usually but can be betwen two and six Supplied by the inferior thyroid arteries Name the 2 types of parathyroid gland cells. What are their functions? Chief Cells which synthesize parathyroid hormone Oxyphil cells whose function is unknown What causes the release of PTH? Secreted in response to low blood calcium levels - - - - - - -- - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - Where are the corticosteroids synthesized? Outer cortex Where are the mineralocorticoids synthesized? Zona glomerulosa Where are the glucocorticoids synthesized? Zona Fasciculata HISTOLOGY: From the Select Topic menu, choose Pituitary. Choose LM: Low Magnification to appear in the VIEW window. To the right in the IMAGE AREA you will see a low magnification Light Microscope image of this tissue. Click the TAGS ON/OFF button in the lower left panel & Mouse over the pins. Choose Anterior Pituitary. Choose LM: High Magnification – move over the pins. What is somatotropin? Growth hormone Choose Posterior Pituitary– View with both LM: Medium & High Magnification What is the function of the small blood vessels in the posterior pituitary? Transports hormones oxytocina nd antdiuretic hormone away from posterior pituitary gland Choose Thyroid Gland – View with LM: Medium & High Magnification Name the thyroid cells that produce Calcitonin. What is the function of calcitonin? Parafollicular Produces calcitonin which lowers blood calcium levels What is follicular colloid? Stored form of secretory products from follicular cells. Choose Parathyroid Gland – View with LM: Low, Medium, & High Magnification Name the most numerous functional cell type in the parathyroid? Chief Cells Name the parathyroid cells that increase in number with age. Oxyphil Cell - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Name the clusters of cells that form the endocrine portion of the pancreas, and the hormones produced by these cells. Pancreatic islet of Langerhans Produces insulin, glucagon, somatostatin, and pancreatic polypeptide Choose Suprarenal Gland– View with LM: Low & Medium Magnification Name the 5 layers from Superficial to Deep. Suprarenal cortex, suprarenal medulla, zona fasciculata, zona glomerulosa, zona reticularis Name the layer of the suprarenal gland responsible for sex hormone production. zona reticularis [Show More]

Last updated: 1 year ago

Preview 1 out of 12 pages