NR602 Midterm Exam Questions with accurate answers, rated A. latest update

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NR602 Midterm Exam Questions with accurate answers, rated A. latest update What is a chalazion? - ✔✔Benign, chronic lipogranulomatous inflammation of the eyelid What causes a chalazion? - ... ✔✔Blockage of the meibomian gland What puts a person at risk for a chalazion? - ✔✔Hordeolum or any condition which may impede flow through the meibomian gland. Mite species that reside in lash follicles. What are physical exam findings for a chalazion? - ✔✔Painless Does NOT involve lashes Lid edema or palpable mass Red or grey mass on inner aspect of lid margin What is prevention for chalazion? - ✔✔Good eye hygiene What is treatment for chalazion? - ✔✔Warm, moist compresses 3x a day If secondarily infected: sulfacetamide or erythromycin What is the follow-up for chalazion? - ✔✔In 2-4 weeks If still present after 6wks, follow up w/ophthalmologist What is blepharitis? - ✔✔Inflammation/infection of the lid margins (chronic problem) What are the two types of blepharitis? - ✔✔Seborrheic (non-ulcerative) Ulcerative What can cause seborrheic blepharitis? - ✔✔Irritants (smoke, makeup, chemicals) What are s/s of seborrheic blepharitis? - ✔✔Chronic inflammation of eyelid Erythema Greasy scaling of anterior eyelid Loss of eyelashes Seborrheic dermatitis of eyebrows/scalp What usually causes ulcerative blepharitis? - ✔✔Infection w/staph or strep What are s/s of ulcerative blepharitis? - ✔✔Itching Tearing Recurrent styes Chalazia Photophobia Small ulceration at eyelid margin Broken/absent eyelashes Most frequent complaint: ongoing eye irritation, conjunctiva redness What is the treatment for blepharitis? - ✔✔Clean w/baby shampoo 2-4 times/day Warm compresses Lid massage (right after warm massage) How are infected eyelids with blepharitis treated? - ✔✔Antistaph abx: bacitracin, erythromycin 0.05% x1 wk and quinolone ointments How is blepharitis infection resistant to topical abx treated? - ✔✔Tetracycline 250mg PO x4 Doxy 100mg PO x2 What is conjunctivitis? - ✔✔Inflammation or irritation of conjunctiva What is the most common cause of conjunctivitis in peds? - ✔✔Bacteria What are some common causes of bacterial conjunctivitis? - ✔✔Contact lenses Rubbing eyes Trauma What are s/s of bacterial conjunctivitis? - ✔✔Purulent (green/yellow) drainage, initially unilateral, then bilat Sensation of FB is common Redness Crust/matted eyelids in AM How long does bacterial conjunctivitis usually last? - ✔✔5-7 days (self-limiting) What is the treatment for bacterial conjunctivitis? - ✔✔Eye drops: polytrim, erythromycin, tobramycin, cipro What is the most common organism causing bacterial conjunctivitis? - ✔✔H. influenza What are common causative organisms of viral conjunctivitis? - ✔✔Adenovirus Coxsackie Herpes Molluscum What are s/s of viral conjunctivitis? - ✔✔Profuse tearing Mucus drainage Burning Concurrent URI Enlarged/tender preauricular nodes What is treatment for viral conjunctivitis? - ✔✔Antihistamine Decongestant How long does viral conjunctivitis usually last? - ✔✔7-14 days (self-limiting) What is the cause of chlamydial conjunctivitis? - ✔✔Chlamydial trachomatis What are s/s of chlamydial conjunctivitis? - ✔✔Profuse exudate Associated w/GU s/s 1-2wks after birth When does gonococcal conjunctivitis usually occur? - ✔✔2-4d after birth What is the biggest concern with gonococcal conjunctivitis? - ✔✔Can cause blindness What is the treatment for chlamydial conjunctivitis? - ✔✔PO azithromycin, doxy (tetracyclines increase photosensitivity, don't use in pregnancy) When does chlamydial conjunctivitis usually improve? - ✔✔2-3wks What causes allergic conjunctivitis? - ✔✔IgE mast cell reaction Environmental Cosmetics What are s/s of allergic conjunctivitis? - ✔✔Marked conjunctival edema Severe itching Tearing Sneezing How is allergic conjunctivitis treated? - ✔✔Topical antihistamine or topical steroids When is improvement usually seen in allergic conjunctivitis? - ✔✔2-3 days How is chemical conjunctivitis treated? - ✔✔Thimerosal Erythromycin Silver nitrate What are s/s of chemical conjunctivitis? - ✔✔Conjunctival erythema Conjunctivitis never accompanies _______________ ________________. - ✔✔Vision changes When is ophthalmology referral necessary for conjunctivitis? - ✔✔Herpes Hemorrhagic Ulcerations When can a pt return to work/school with conjunctivitis? - ✔✔24h after topical abx What is hand foot mouth? - ✔✔Highly contagious viral illness, most common in kids <5 What is the most common cause of HFM? - ✔✔Coxsackie A 16 What are s/s of HFM? - ✔✔Fever Vesicular eruptions in oropharynx that may ulcerate Maculopapular rash involving hands & feet Rash evolves into vesicles, esp. on dorsa of hands/feet Lesions on buccal mucosa, palate, palms/soles, buttocks Malaise Abd pain Enlarged anterior cervical/submandibular nodes How long does HFM usually last? - ✔✔1-2wks When does the exanthem of HFM occur? - ✔✔Usually 1-2 days after oral lesions What are some differentials for HFM? - ✔✔Herpangina Stevens-Johnson syndrome What is the treatment for HFM? - ✔✔Maintain hydration Cool liquids Avoid spicy food Rest Topical aluminum hydroxide/mag hydroxide gel w/diphenhydramine applied to painful lesions Topical anesthetics: Kank A, Orabase What is strep pharyngitis? - ✔✔Acute inflammation of pharynx/tonsils, associated w/crowding (like school, daycare) What are s/s of viral pharyngitis? - ✔✔Red/swollen tonsils Red/swollen throat Cough (almost always excludes Strep) Conjunctivitis Nasal congestion Diarrhea What are s/s of bacterial pharyngitis? - ✔✔Swollen uvula White spots Red/swollen tonsils Red/swollen throat Gray, furry tongue What commonly causes viral pharyngitis? - ✔✔Rhinovirus Adenovirus Parainfluenza Epstein-barr virus What commonly causes bacterial pharyngitis? - ✔✔Group A strep [Show More]

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