Exam 3 Study Questions What drugs are used to treat gestational diabetes? o Metformin and Insulin What A1C value indicates diabetes mellitus? Pre-DM? o 6.5% or greater is considered diabet... es o 5.7-6.4% pre-diabetes What fasting and random values indicate DM? o Fasting plasma glucose—126 or greater is diabetes o Random (casual) plasma glucose—anything greater than 200 is diabetes What are complications of insulin therapy? o Hypoglycemia o Can develop lipohypertrophy Accumulation of subcutaneous fat that occurs when it is injected too frequently at the same site o Allergic reactions Characterized by red and intensely itchy welts, breathing becomes difficult If severe allergy develops: Desensitization procedure (small doses to larger doses) o Hypokalemia Promotes the uptake of potassium cells and insulin activates a membrane-bound enzyme with sodium potassium and ATPase that pumps potassium into the cells and sodium out Drug interactions? o Hypoglycemic agents Can intensify the hypoglycemia included by insulin Examples: sulfonylureas, glinides, alcohol o Use with caution with hyperglycemic agents Examples: thiazide and glucocorticoids and sympathomimetics What effect do beta blockers have on insulin? o delay awareness of and response to hypoglycemia by masking the signs that are associated with stimulation of sympathetic nervous system o Impair glycogenolysis o Prevent the bodies counter-regulatory response What are other therapeutic uses besides DM? o Hyperkalemia o Aids in diagnosis of GH deficiency o Diabetic ketoacidosis Insulin dosage must be coordinated with what? o Carbohydrate intake What is B/P goal in diabetic? o To be controlled, within normal 120/80 What medication can be given to decrease risk of diabetic nephropathy? o ACE inhibitor or ARB [Show More]
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NURS 5334 ADVANCED PHARMACOLOGY CASE STUDIES & EXAM STUDY GUIDES
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