NESTA FITNESS NUTRITION COACH 1, Top Exam Questions with accurate answers, 100% accurate.

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NESTA FITNESS NUTRITION COACH 1, Top Exam Questions with accurate answers, 100% accurate. Hyrolysis - catabolic - ✔✔-complex organic molecules (carbohydrates, lipids and proteins) are broken ... down into simpler forms that the human body can then process. Condensation - anabolic - ✔✔-The opposite of hydrolysis process, is the structural components of the nutrients binding together, which uses water to form more complex molecules and comepounds Stomach - ✔✔-a muscular, hollow, dilated part of the alimentary canal which functions as the primary organ of the digestive tract Liver - ✔✔-a wide range of functions, including detoxification, protein synthesis, and production of biochemicals necessary for digestion Small intestine - ✔✔-where the vast majority of digestion and absorption of food takes place Large Intestine - ✔✔-the 2nd to last part of the digestive system -- function is to absorb water from the remaining indigestible food matter, and then to pass useless waste material from the body Mouth - ✔✔-First step of digestion, where food is chewed and begins to be broken down Esophagus - ✔✔-Acts as a passage way between swallowed food and the stomach Salivary Glands - ✔✔-Secrete fluids and digestive enzymes Gallbladder - ✔✔-Stores bile until it needs to be secreted Large Intestines - ✔✔-Absorption of electrolytes Pancreas - ✔✔-Secretes a number of other digestive enzymes to continue breaking down food Stomach - ✔✔-secretes hydrochloric acid (HCI) and protein digesting enzymes. Also mixes the swallowed food, liquids, and digestive juices. Small Intestine - ✔✔-Digestion of food, absorption of water, nutrients, and electrolytes Liver - ✔✔-Produces bile - a digestive juice that dissolves fat into the watery contents of the intestine Mastication - ✔✔-Muscles that grind and mash the food that is being consumed Bolus - ✔✔-food that has been chewed and ground for swallowing What is the first aspect of digestion? - ✔✔-the mechanical aspect of chewing which increases the surface area of the chewed food, or bolus Epiglottis - ✔✔-stop gap that effectively closes off the airway and prevents contents of chewed food from going into the airway, once chewed and swallowed Chyme - ✔✔-a slushy mixture of acid and chewed food that have digestive hormones secreted and infused into it once inside the stomach How long is food in the stomach? - ✔✔-up to 4 hours in duration What are the three parts of the small intestine? - ✔✔-Duodenum, jejunum & Ileum What is responsible for digesting most of what has moved through the stomach into the small intestine? - ✔✔-Jejunum Active transport - ✔✔-absorption in the section of the GI tract using villi and microvilli Villi - ✔✔-projections that use a carrier molecule and expend ATP energy Microvilli - ✔✔-within the villi, absorb smaller units of carbohydrate, protein and lipids by creating an environment of digestive enzymes a the site of the cell membrane how long is the small intestine? - ✔✔-unraveled: about 9-10 feet surface area of villi & microvilli: size of tennis court What aids in the digestion of lipids by releasing bile, an emulsifier? - ✔✔-gallbladder What is produced and secreted into the small intestine and completes the process of hydrolysis (the breakdown of starch carbohydrates to smaller branched chains of glucose)? - ✔✔-Pancreatic amylase What four hormones regulate digestion? - ✔✔-cholecystokinin (CKK) gastrin gastrin inhibitory peptide secretin Gastrin - ✔✔-stomach - supports health internal tissues in the stomach, small intestine and colon Secretin - ✔✔-small intestine - Signals pancreas to secrete digestive juices Cholecystokinin (CKK) - ✔✔-small intestine - secretes digestive enzymes into pancreatic fluids and signals gallbladder emptying Ghrelin - ✔✔-stomach - only used when there is an absence of food intake Peptide YY - ✔✔-GI tract - signals appetite suppression, many after a meal is consumed What are the five sections of the large intestine or colon? - ✔✔-Cecum, ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon What is responsible for synthesizing both biotin & Vitamin K, and then absorbs these items through active transport? - ✔✔-large intestine What are the 6 basic forms of energy? - ✔✔-chemical, electrical, heat, light, mechanical, nuclear What allows life to exist by creating energy for plants that produces carbs, fats & proteins? - ✔✔-Solar energy What are the forms of stored energy that exercise uses to produce ATP? - ✔✔-PCr, anaerobic glycolysis, aerobic glycolysis What is the source of energy for all physiologic functions, including muscular contractions? - ✔✔-ATP (adenosine triphosphate) When is energy released? - ✔✔-when an ATP molecule is broken into an ADP molecule (adenosine diphosphate) and and inorganic phosphate What is the anaerobic (without oxygen) source of ATP - ✔✔-Phosphocreatine (PCr, or creatine phosphate) Can PCr be used as an immediate source of energy? - ✔✔-no but can rapidly replenish ATP. it stores high energy phosphate in the muscle and is proportional to the muscle mass How quickly is PCr used up? - ✔✔-5-10 seconds and it takes several minutes to replenish When is PCr used? - ✔✔-high intensity, short-duration activities: sprints & body building What supplement will increase PCr and the ability for a client to produce more ATP? - ✔✔-creatine monohydrate Glycolysis - ✔✔-refers to the breakdown of glucose (simple carb with 6 carbon atoms) to 2 molecules containing 3 carbons each (pyruvate) What type of activity lasting 30-90 seconds will rely primarily on anaerobic glycolysis? - ✔✔-High intensity, resulting in large accumulation of lactate What is Anaerobic Pathway 1? - ✔✔-ATP/PC system What is Anaerobic Pathyway II? - ✔✔-Anaerobic Glycolysis Oxidative Phosphorylation or Aerobic Metabolism - ✔✔-process creating 34-36 ATP for every molecule of glucose Mitochondria - ✔✔-the cites of cellular aerobic energy (ATP) production Lipolysis - ✔✔-the breakdown of fat to yield ATP Fat - ✔✔-most abundant energy source available to the muscle and the predominant energy source used during the aerobic oxidation phase of energy production What is the primary source for energy production during rest and low level activity? - ✔✔-lipolysis What is used when lipolysis is unable to meet the increasing energy requirements of exercise? - ✔✔- glycogen Where is glycogen stored? - ✔✔-liver & muscles What must be present in the system to sustain high levels of intense exercise? - ✔✔-glycogen Calorie - ✔✔-a metric unit of energy (replaced the unit of energy called joule) the amount of heat needed to raise the temperature of one gram of water one degree celsius Kilocalorie - ✔✔-unit of food energy Gram calorie - ✔✔-based on heating one gram of water Kilogram calorie - ✔✔-equal to one thousand gram calories, based on one kilogram of water Macronutrients - ✔✔-carbohydrates, proteins, fats Three parts of the ATP molecule: - ✔✔-sugar molecule (ribose) is center & three phosphate molecules Carbohydrates - ✔✔-main macronutrient source of energy What is stored as glycogen in both liver and muscles - ✔✔-Carbohydrates What is used to metabolize ATP production after carbohydrate stores have been depleted? - ✔✔-Fat What provides up to 460 ATP compared to 9 times of a carbohydrate energy total? - ✔✔-fat molecule What is the last resort to make energy? - ✔✔-protein What is an inefficient source of energy that must be converted to usable forms of energy through more complex metabolic pathways? - ✔✔-proteins (amino acids) What inhibits energy sources during activity because of it's diuretic effects and impact on liver function? - ✔✔-alcohol What is a significant difference in the eating plan for an athlete? - ✔✔-timing of food intake/consumption What kind of carbohydrate consumption should occur prior to physical activity? - ✔✔-complex [Show More]

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