CFRN - Flight and Aircraft Fundamentals 204 Questions with Verified Answers,100% CORRECT

Document Content and Description Below

CFRN - Flight and Aircraft Fundamentals 204 Questions with Verified Answers What are the required hours for a rotor-wing pilot (total hours, PIC hours, and night hours), per CAMTS? - CORRECT ANSW... ER total hours - 2000 PIC hours - 1000 night hours - 100 What is the minimum "bottle to throttle" time? - CORRECT ANSWER 8hrs What is the maximum amount of time for no communication during flight? - CORRECT ANSWER 15 mins What is the maximum amount of time for no communication during HW flight? - CORRECT ANSWER 10 mins What is the rotor-wing shut-off sequence for survival? - CORRECT ANSWER throttle, fuel, then battery ***TFB*** What is the survival sequence? - CORRECT ANSWER shelter, fire, water, food What is FARs part 91? - CORRECT ANSWER flights with no passengers What is FARs part 135? - CORRECT ANSWER flights with passengers; pilot max of 14hrs When are cellphone prohibited? - CORRECT ANSWER when airborne What are the three "killers" of pts on ventilators during flight? - CORRECT ANSWER pericardial tamponade, tension pneumothorax, and hypovolemia What is the medical director not required to do, per CAMTS? - CORRECT ANSWER live in same state How often are the intubation skills required, per CAMTS? - CORRECT ANSWER quarterly What is the number of the live intubation requirements during training, per CAMTS? - CORRECT ANSWER 5 What is the amount of time of a speciality team response, per CAMTS? - CORRECT ANSWER 45mins What is a helipad required to have, per CAMTS? - CORRECT ANSWER two paths and security What are the required hours for a fixed-wing pilot, per CAMTS? - CORRECT ANSWER 500hrs What is the ambulance fuel requirement (miles), per CAMTS? - CORRECT ANSWER 175 miles When is an ELT designed to set off, per CAMTS? - CORRECT ANSWER 4g's What is the required uniform fit, per CAMTS? - CORRECT ANSWER 1/4 inch space between body and uniform What gas law is applied when experiencing "the bends," decompression, via a soda can, and/or CO2 in blood? - CORRECT ANSWER Henry's Law What gas law is applied when tissue swelling, hypoxic hypoxia, and/or O2 available at altitude? - CORRECT ANSWER Dalton's Law What gas law is applied during cellular gas exchange and/or diffusion? - CORRECT ANSWER Graham's Law What gas law is applied when oxygen tanks pressure in heat or cold? - CORRECT ANSWER Gay-Lussac's Law What gas law is applied during changes in BP cuff, ETT cuff, IABP, and/or MAST changes? - CORRECT ANSWER Boyle's Law How is velocity categorized? - CORRECT ANSWER high = above 2000 FPS medium = 1000 to 2000 FPS low = under 1000 FPS What is tumbling? - CORRECT ANSWER rotation on 360 degree axis What is yaw? - CORRECT ANSWER deviation up to 90 degrees from straight pathway What effects does altitude have on temperature? - CORRECT ANSWER colder with higher altitude What is the components of Gay-Lussac's gas law? - CORRECT ANSWER temperature and pressure are proportional temperature increases = pressure increases; temperature decreases = pressure decreases Which gas law is the following an example of? oxygen tank pressure in afternoon = 2200, but oxygen tank pressure in the evening = 1800 - CORRECT ANSWER Gay-Lussac's Law What two gas laws are combined to form the "universal law?" - CORRECT ANSWER Boyle's Law and Charles' Law What gas law states that gases move from high to low concentration? - CORRECT ANSWER Graham's Law What gas law is responsible for cellular gas exchange (i.e. gas through a liquid)? - CORRECT ANSWER Graham's Law What gas law states that gas in a liquid is proportional to gas above a liquid? - CORRECT ANSWER Henry's Law What gas law is responsible for CO2 in blood/decompression? - CORRECT ANSWER Henry's Law What altitude does the volume of gas in GI system expands 3x? - CORRECT ANSWER 25,000 feet What gas law effects the GI system the most? - CORRECT ANSWER Boyle's Law What is the components of Boyle's gas law? - CORRECT ANSWER volume and pressure are opposite increased volume = decreased pressure; decreased volume = increased pressure What is the components of Charles' gas law? - CORRECT ANSWER temperature and volume are proportional increased temperature = increased volume; decreased temperature = decreased volume What is the ELT frequency? - CORRECT ANSWER 121.5 How is an ELT functioning confirmed? - CORRECT ANSWER tune it and listen What is required when a twin engine is off shore? - CORRECT ANSWER raft and vest What are the rotor-wing minimums for day/local? - CORRECT ANSWER 500ft (ceiling) and 1 mile (vis) What are the rotor-wing minimums for day/cross-country? - CORRECT ANSWER 1000ft (ceiling) and 1 mile (vis) What are the rotor-wing minimums for night/local? - CORRECT ANSWER 500ft (ceiling) and 2 mile (vis) What are the rotor-wing minimums for night/cross-country? - CORRECT ANSWER 1000ft (ceiling) and 3 mile (vis) What is the number one cause of air medical crashes? - CORRECT ANSWER weather What is the calculation for O2 adjustment at altitude in order to maintain O2 saturation at altitude? - CORRECT ANSWER [ (FiO2 pt currently receiving) X (pressure at departure - mmHg) ] / pressure at altitude Example: FiO2: 40% = 0.40 Depart: 681 mmHg Altitude: 565 mmHg [ (0.40) X (681) ] / 565 = 0.48 ---> 48% What altitude is night vision lost at? - CORRECT ANSWER 5000ft MSL What are the stages of hypoxia? - CORRECT ANSWER indifferent, compensatory, disturbance, and critical What elevation does the indifferent stage of hypoxia occur and what s/sx? - CORRECT ANSWER 10,000ft MSL increased RR and HR and decreased vision What elevation does the compensatory stage of hypoxia occur and what s/sx? - CORRECT ANSWER 10,000ft to 15,000ft MSL HTN and task impairment What elevation does the disturbance stage of hypoxia occur and what s/sx? - CORRECT ANSWER 15,000ft to 20,000ft MSL dizziness, sleepy, and cyanosis What elevation does the critical stage of hypoxia occur and what s/sx? - CORRECT ANSWER 20,000ft and greater MSL + LOC and incapacitation What are examples of stressors of flight? - CORRECT ANSWER third spacing, fatigue, g-forces, noise/vibration, hypoxia, dehydration, temp changes, barometric changes What is the mnuemonic DEATH related to? - CORRECT ANSWER personal factors affecting flight stressors What are personal factors that increase flight stressors? - CORRECT ANSWER D: drugs E: exhaustion A: alcohol T: tobacco H: hypoglycemia Why are obese pts more susceptible to decompression sickness? - CORRECT ANSWER fatty tissue contains more nitrogen What is the initial intervention for managing a pt with bariobariatrauma? - CORRECT ANSWER administer high flow oxygen by NRB 15mins prior to lifting What are the "bend?" - CORRECT ANSWER pain in and around joints that can progressively worsen during ascent to high altitudes What are the "chokes?" - CORRECT ANSWER pain in the chest caused by blocking of the smaller pulmonary blood vessels by small bubbles; sensation of suffocation in severe cases What are paresthesia or the "creeps?" - CORRECT ANSWER decompression sickness symptom = tingling, itching, and cold/warm sensations What is bariosinusitis? - CORRECT ANSWER pain in the cheeks, nose, upper jaw, and/or above eyes during a sinus blockage/cold What gas law is responsible for expanding ETT cuff in flight? - CORRECT ANSWER Charles' Law What gas law states the pressure of a gas is inversely proportional to the volume of a gas at a constant temperature? - CORRECT ANSWER Boyle's Law What gas law affects ETT cuffs, MAST trousers, air splints, and IV drip rates? - CORRECT ANSWER Boyle's Law What will occur according to Boyle's law with a pt that has a pneumocephalus? - CORRECT ANSWER intracranial pressure will increase What does gas due in a filled container according to Boyle's Law? - CORRECT ANSWER expands What is a pneumocephalus? - CORRECT ANSWER air inside the cranium after trauma usually associated with depressed skill fractures - usually direct blow What gas law states the total pressure of a gax mixture is the sum of the partial pressures of all the gases in the mixture? - CORRECT ANSWER Dalton's Law What gas law affects soft tissue swelling at altitude? - CORRECT ANSWER Dalton's Law What occurs when gases in/around an injury site try to equal during air transport? - CORRECT ANSWER third spacing and/or compartment syndrome What do gas concentrates remain despite height/altitude? - CORRECT ANSWER same concentration What gas law states at a constant pressure, the volume of gas is directly proportional to the absolute temperature of the gas? - CORRECT ANSWER Charles' Law What gas law states that there is a directly proportional relationship between temperature and pressure? - CORRECT ANSWER Gay-Lussac's Law What gas law is responsible for decreased tire pressure in cooler weather? - CORRECT ANSWER Gay-Lussac's Law What gas law is responsible for an oxygen tank left out overnight to have a lower reading in the morning than afternoon? - CORRECT ANSWER Gay-Lussac's Law What gas law is called the law of diffusion? - CORRECT ANSWER Fick's Law What gas law is responsible for gas exchange at the cellular level? - CORRECT ANSWER Graham's Law What law is responsible for the solubility of gas in a liquid? - CORRECT ANSWER Henry's Law What gas law affects divers? - CORRECT ANSWER Henry's Law How many types of decompression syndrome exists? - CORRECT ANSWER six Which type of decompression syndrome is nitrogen related painful joints, mottled skin (cutis marmorata), and pruritic? - CORRECT ANSWER Type I DCS What type of decompression syndrome includes feeling like "ants crawling on their skin?" - CORRECT ANSWER Type I DCS What is cutis marmorata? - CORRECT ANSWER mottled skin resembling a sunburn What type of decompression syndrome includes neurologic s/sx and/or hypovolemic shock? - CORRECT ANSWER Type II DCS What is kind of transport is preferred for all diving and/or DCS pts? - CORRECT ANSWER ground transport What gas law is pulmonary overpressurization related to? - CORRECT ANSWER Boyle's Law What is pulmonary overpressurization? - CORRECT ANSWER "breath holding" compressed air during ascent that causes lung overexpansion and ruptures alveoli What can cause pneumothorax or mediastinal emphysema (SQ air) during ascent? - CORRECT ANSWER pulmonary overpressurization What issue is common with inexperienced divers? - CORRECT ANSWER pulmonary overpressurization When do the greatest patient changes occur in flight? - CORRECT ANSWER close to sea level How long is it recommended for divers to avoid air transport? - CORRECT ANSWER 12 hrs minimum What is the minimum PaO2 level required for cerebral perfusion? - CORRECT ANSWER 60 mmHg What are the three categories of atmospheric zones? - CORRECT ANSWER 1) physiologic zone 2) physiologically deficient zone 3) space equivalent zone How are the three atmospheric zones separated? - CORRECT ANSWER by feet above sea level How are the atmospheric zones via feet? - CORRECT ANSWER 1) physiologic zone = sea level to 10k ft 2) physiologically deficient zone = 10k ft to 50k ft MSL 3) space equivalent zone = > 50k ft MSL How many MSL (meters above sea level) does night vision begin to decrease? - CORRECT ANSWER 5,000ft MSL What atmospheric zone is oxygen or pressurization required to survive? - CORRECT ANSWER physiologically deficient zone - 10k ft to 50k ft MSL What are s/sx of compression/pressurization loss? - CORRECT ANSWER cooler temperatures in the cabin and windows fogging How long is the time of useful consciousness (TUC) at 30,000ft MSL? - CORRECT ANSWER approximately 90 seconds What happens to time of useful consciousness (TUC) during a rapid descent? - CORRECT ANSWER goes from 90 seconds to 45 seconds What is the calculation for FiO2 required for ascent? - CORRECT ANSWER [(FiO2) X (current O2 on ground)] / cruising altitude What type of hypoxia is due to an inability of a cell to accept or use O2? - CORRECT ANSWER histotoxic hypoxia What is the goal with stagnant hypoxia? - CORRECT ANSWER improve cardiac output What is the treatment for stagnant hypoxia? - CORRECT ANSWER pressors and/or pacing What is the most common stage of hypoxia that flight crew members recognize and why? - CORRECT ANSWER indifferent stage - still able to critically think What are the stages of hypoxia? - CORRECT ANSWER 1) indifferent 2) compensatory 3) disturbance 4) critical What stage of hypoxia has s/sx of full reasoning abilities, some loss of night vision, and N/V? - CORRECT ANSWER indifferent stage What stage of hypoxia has s/sx of increased HR, increased RR, and slowed judgment? - CORRECT ANSWER compensatory stage What stage of hypoxia has s/sx of slurred speech, impaired judgment, and "drunk" feeling/behaviors? - CORRECT ANSWER disturbance stage What stage of hypoxia has s/sx of no longer able to physiologically function and imminent death? - CORRECT ANSWER critical stage What is the mneumonic for self imposed stressors of flight? - CORRECT ANSWER DEATH What does the mneumonic DEATH stand for? - CORRECT ANSWER self imposed stressors of flight: D: drugs/ dehydration E: exhaustion A: alcohol T: tobacco H: hypoglycemia When are people most affected by G forces? - CORRECT ANSWER dehydrated and on BP meds (beta blockers especially) What does a cold, dry, and high altitude/environment have on a patient? - CORRECT ANSWER the greatest negative outcome What is the temperature change with elevation change? - CORRECT ANSWER 1000ft MSL increase = 2 degrees C decrease What is barondontalgia? - CORRECT ANSWER air trapped in fillings expands When does barondontalgia occur? - CORRECT ANSWER ascent What can help alleviate barondontalgia? - CORRECT ANSWER warm compresses on ascent What is barotitis? - CORRECT ANSWER air trapped in the middle ear that cannot vent through the blocked eustachian tubes When does barotitis occur? - CORRECT ANSWER descent What is barosinusitis? - CORRECT ANSWER pain in maxillary teeth and head pressure When does barosinusitis occur? - CORRECT ANSWER ascent and descent What can help alleviate barosinusitis? - CORRECT ANSWER valvsalva maneuver or chewing gum What is barogastralgia? - CORRECT ANSWER pressure trapped in abd When does barogastralgia occur? - CORRECT ANSWER ascent What can help alleviate barogastralgia? - CORRECT ANSWER unclamping NGT/OGT during ascent to relieve pressure What will happen to an untreated pneumothorax on ascent? - CORRECT ANSWER may worsen/expand What can help alleviate or reduce a pneumothorax worsening? - CORRECT ANSWER needle compression When will a pneumothorax most likely worsen r/t transport? - CORRECT ANSWER ascent What does CAMTS stand for? - CORRECT ANSWER Commission for the Accreditation of Medical Transport Systems Who accredits a company to be a medical transport company? - CORRECT ANSWER CAMTS What does AMRM stand for? - CORRECT ANSWER Air Medical Resource Management What is the operational practice of involving all members of flight team in the mission planning, decision making, and mission safety? - CORRECT ANSWER medical resource management What is air medical resource management also referred to? - CORRECT ANSWER CRM - crew resource management When is a sterile cockpit required? - CORRECT ANSWER four critical phases of flight 1) takeoff 2) landing 3) refueling 4) taxi'ing How often are mandatory check-ins required while flying and while on the ground? - CORRECT ANSWER flying = q15 mins grounded = q45mins When is an emergency action plan activated? - CORRECT ANSWER 15mins after failure to report/check-in When is a EPAP/PAIP initiated? - CORRECT ANSWER after two missed checks How may live intubations does CAMTS require during orientation? - CORRECT ANSWER 5 What is the CAMTS intubation requirements after orientation? - CORRECT ANSWER quarterly What are the flight suit requirements by CAMTS? - CORRECT ANSWER flame retardant and 1/4" away from body When are helmets warn? - CORRECT ANSWER 1st on, last off What does CAMTS consider a long range flight? - CORRECT ANSWER more than 3hrs When is the only time CAMTS states a seatbelt does not have to be worn? - CORRECT ANSWER straight and level flight What comes before patient care per CAMTS? - CORRECT ANSWER safe operation What is weather that is very close to or at minimums? - CORRECT ANSWER marginal weather What is weather that is under weather minimums? - CORRECT ANSWER below minimums What happens when bad weather is encountered while en route? - CORRECT ANSWER divert to nearest facility or airport What is the #1 factor for crashes? - CORRECT ANSWER weather What is the #2 factor for crashes? - CORRECT ANSWER errors What does VFR stand for? - CORRECT ANSWER visual flight rules When is VFR? - CORRECT ANSWER can fly only in weather conditions that you can see where you are flying What does IFR stand for? - CORRECT ANSWER instrument flight rules When is IFR? - CORRECT ANSWER can fly in weather conditions that do not allow safe flight by sight alone, but the use of an instrument to fly What is inadvertent instrument meteorological conditions (IIMC)? - CORRECT ANSWER occurs when the pilot began flying in VFR weather and unexpectedly encountered weather that requires IFR What is an unsecured LZ? - CORRECT ANSWER point of injury or any nonpermanent helipad What is required before landing at a unsecured LZ? - CORRECT ANSWER one approach and departure heading; two passes required prior to landing (one high pass and one low pass) What is the preferred LZ size? - CORRECT ANSWER 100ft X 100ft What is required before landing at landing at a permenant helipad? - CORRECT ANSWER must have two approach and departure headings; perimeter lighting on the helipad; landing beacon; and a windsock What are the in-flight "landing" types? - CORRECT ANSWER 1) land immediately 2) land as soon as possible 3) land as soon as practical What is the pre-crash sequence? - CORRECT ANSWER 1) secure pt and lay pt flat 2) turn off any oxygen 3) assume the crash position What is the crash position? - CORRECT ANSWER 1) seat belt secured 2) sit up straight 3) helmet strap tight and visor down 4) knees together, feet 6" apart and flat on floor 5) arms crossed chest 6) chin to chest What is the post-crash sequence? - CORRECT ANSWER 1) turn off in order - throttle, fuel, battery 2) exit the aircraft and assist others 3) assemble at the 12 o'clock position 4) begin to build shelter, fire, water, create a signal What is the first priority once away from aircraft after a crash? - CORRECT ANSWER shelter What is the order to turn off things after a crash? - CORRECT ANSWER throttle, fuel, battery When is an ELT activated? - CORRECT ANSWER self activates at 4G's or manually activated What is the transmit frequency of an ELT? - CORRECT ANSWER 121.5 MHz What is upgraded transmit frequency for an ELT? - CORRECT ANSWER 406 MHz or 243 What does an ELT generate? - CORRECT ANSWER constant, repeating alarm over headset when you get near a crash site to perform a rescue What is the "150 yard rule?" - CORRECT ANSWER if someone is injured within 150yds of a hospital, then the hospital must provide treatment What does EMTALA require? - CORRECT ANSWER must act if someone requires emergency care to sustain life or is actively in labor How is sterile cockpit applied when lifting off from a scene of an accident to assist local EMS? - CORRECT ANSWER only essential info can be shared during critical phases of flight What gas law is responsible for the following: O2 tank in morning = 1500psi, O2 tank in afternoon = 1650psi? - CORRECT ANSWER Gay-Lussac's law What gas law is responsible for an IV drip rate increasing after aircraft has lifted? - CORRECT ANSWER Boyle's law What types of hypoxia are responsible for: motorcycle driver with + ETOH and bruising to abdomen with obvious deformity? - CORRECT ANSWER hypemic and histotoxic What must be done if a pilot accepts a flight that do not meet weather minimums? - CORRECT ANSWER speak with the pilot about concerns that weather does not meet minimum requirements; if pilot dismisses concerns, then flight crew should refuse flight What is the most important priority if a pilot is incapacitated and crash landed? - CORRECT ANSWER turn off throttle, fuel, then battery What does increases in altitude do to humidity and temperature? - CORRECT ANSWER decreased humidity and decreased temperature by 1 degree C per every 100m What is the leading cause of air medical crashes? - CORRECT ANSWER pushing weather What is the minimum number of hours between alcohol intake and flying? - CORRECT ANSWER 8hrs What is the rule of 3's regarding survival? - CORRECT ANSWER 3 minutes - people can survive without oxygen 3hrs - survive in extreme conditions without shelter 3 days - without water 3wks - without food When does night vision begin to decrease? - CORRECT ANSWER 5,000ft MSL What does a permanent heli-pad require per CAMTS? - CORRECT ANSWER two approach and departure headings, lighting around pad perimeter, and a windsock What should happen if a crew is uncomfortable with a LZ, explains concerns to pilot, and pilot wishes to continue landing? - CORRECT ANSWER request ground crew to meet at an alternative LZ, if not then abort mission What is the first thing to do if a pt begins seizing when the blades begin to turn on a sunny day? - CORRECT ANSWER cover pts eyes What radio signal is digital, allows multiple agencies to communicate, has higher frequency and less noise, and able to penetrates through walls? - CORRECT ANSWER VHF low band FM - follows curvature of earth with greatest range How many G's are required to automatically activate an ELT? - CORRECT ANSWER 4 G's What are the requirements of EMTALA? - CORRECT ANSWER 1) pt stabilized to extent of possible by referring facility 2) receiving facility capable of caring for pt, must be secured prior to transport out 3) medical screening exam must be performed by a qualified medical provider What phase of emergency management is a hazardous vulunerability assessment completed? - CORRECT ANSWER mitigation What must be proven for a case to be ruled malpractice? - CORRECT ANSWER 1) a duty of act 2) damages 3) causation (cause and effect) 4) breach of duty - malfeasance 5) foreseeability What should be considered when multiple pts with flu-like s/sx in non-flu months? - CORRECT ANSWER What should be considered when multiple pts with flu-like s/sx in non-flu months? - CORRECT ANSWER biologic agent has been released in the community What is classic s/sx of botulism exposure? - CORRECT ANSWER descending paralysis How many functional areas for major incidents exists? - CORRECT ANSWER five What is required to happen if active duty EMS is involved with a MVC? - CORRECT ANSWER crew will be drug and alcohol tested What are examples of s/sx that could indicate possible child abuse? - CORRECT ANSWER 1) spiral fractures - caused by twisting 2) injury is inconsistent with story 3) non-accidental trauma and delay seeking care 4) abd, chest, and facial bruises 5) bite marks 6) burns with clear lines/cig burns 7) subdural hematomas or retinal hemorrhages 8) multiple fractures What is required when communicating via radio? - CORRECT ANSWER 1) begin with unit/facility being called followed by own call sign 2) speak in a normal tone 3) pause for a second after keying up before speaking What is the safest position when hot-loading and hot-offloading? - CORRECT ANSWER 3 o'clock or 9 o'clock What would a flight crew be guilty of if they assessed a pt, transferred care back to the ground paramedic, then the pt dies prior to arriving at hospital? - CORRECT ANSWER abandonment What should be considered with s/sx of excessive salivation and lacrimation? - CORRECT ANSWER cholingeric exposure What is the torr value at sea level? - CORRECT ANSWER 760 torr = 1 ATM What is the torr value at 18,000 MSL? - CORRECT ANSWER 380 torr = 1/2 ATM [Show More]

Last updated: 7 months ago

Preview 1 out of 20 pages