GENITOURINARY SYSTEM

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Characteristics: • Bean-shaped paired organs • 150 grams • Right kidney slightly lower than the left • Receive 20% of cardiac output (at rest) • Receive 2-4% cardiac output (under stres... s) Location: • Posterior abdominal wall, retroperitoneal • T12-L3 (iliac crest) Functions: • Urine formation • Excretion of waste products • Regulation of electrolytes • Regulation of acid-base balance • Control of water balance • Control of blood pressure • Renal clearance • Regulation of red blood cell production • Synthesis of vitamin D to active form • Secretion prostaglandins • Regulates calcium and phosphorus balance v Renal circulation Renal Artery (hilum) branches into afferent arterioles (Glomerular Capillary beds) Efferent Arterioles Renal Vein NEPHRON v Anatomic & functional unit of the kidney v 1 million per kidney v Process: l Urine is formed in the nephrons in a three-step process: ü Filtration – transfer of water and waste from blood to glomerulus ü Reabsorption – water and necessary ions are transferred back into the blood ü Excretion – excess substances and wastes are removed and transferred into urine l Water, electrolytes, and other substances, such as glucose and creatinine, are filtered by the glomerulus; varying amounts of these substances are reabsorption in the renal tubule or excreted in the urine. Parts l Glomerulus ü Urine filtration (water & solutes except blood, albumin & fibrinogen) ü Is a unique network of capillaries suspended between the afferent and afferent blood vessels. l Bowman’s capsule (Glomerular capsule) ü Collects the filtrate ü Epithelial structures that encloses the glomerulus l Proximal convoluted tubules (PCT) ü Reabsorption (peritubular capillaries) ü Glucose (active transport) ü Sodium (active transport) [Show More]

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