Kaplan Nursing Entrance Exam 794 Questions with Verified Answers,100% CORRECT

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Kaplan Nursing Entrance Exam 794 Questions with Verified Answers Which are correctly related: - CORRECT ANSWER Cardiac muscle:Involuntary action Which of the following associations of brain stru... cture and function is false? Hypothalamus: Appetite Cerebellum:Motor Coordination Cerebral cortex: Higher intellectual function Medulla: Basic emotional Drive - CORRECT ANSWER Medulla: Basic emotional drives (false) Which of the following is not a characteristic of fermentation: It is anaerobic It requires glucose It produces energy It requires oxygen - CORRECT ANSWER It requires oxygen Which order of classificatory divisions is correct: - CORRECT ANSWER Phylum, class, order, genus King Phillip came over for great spaghetti The notochord is: - CORRECT ANSWER Present in chordates during embryonic development The absorption of oxygen from the atmosphere into the blood takes place in the: - CORRECT ANSWER Alveoli Enzymes in human cells: - CORRECT ANSWER Are proteins, typically work best at pH 7.2 Which is NOT a characteristic of proteins: They contain genetic information They can act as hormones They can catalyze chemical reactions They act in cell membrane trafficking - CORRECT ANSWER They contain genetic information Which part of cellular respiration directly produces a pH gradient during the oxidative metabolism of glucose? - CORRECT ANSWER Electron transport chain The Atomic Theory could be used to analyze: - CORRECT ANSWER Properties of hydrogen As you move from left to right across a period (horizontal row) in the periodic table: - CORRECT ANSWER The number of electrons is one more than the previous element Ionization energy is: - CORRECT ANSWER The energy required to completely remove an electron from an atom or ion. Evaporation can best be described as: - CORRECT ANSWER the process in which molecules may have enough energy to leave the liquid phase and escape into the gaseous phase. If the half-life of a certain isotope is 5 years, what fraction of a sample of that isotope will remain after 15 years? - CORRECT ANSWER 1/8 Which of the following represents 1 amu? a. 1.66 x 10 -24 g b. 1.66 x 10 -24 kg c. Neither a or b are correct d. Both a and b are correct - CORRECT ANSWER d. both a and b are correct Force exists only: - CORRECT ANSWER In pairs Speed is different from velocity because: Speed is a scalar quantity, and velocity is a vector quantity Velocity involves speed and direction Speed only expresses a magnitude All of the above are correct - CORRECT ANSWER All of the above are correct Whenever a current passes through a resistance, what is generated? - CORRECT ANSWER heat While attempting to push a heavy box across the floor: The amount of force required to start the box sliding is more than that required to keep it sliding. Pushing on the box without moving it results in no work being done. The coefficient of static friction is dependent on the nature of the surface the box is resting on. All of the above. - CORRECT ANSWER All of the above. A larger mass requires what force to achieve the same acceleration rate. - CORRECT ANSWER More A vehicle travels at a constant speed on the highway. It can be said that: Its acceleration rate is zero. The net forces acting on the vehicle are zero. The force applied by the vehicle's drive wheels is equal and opposite to the forces that act to slow the vehicle. All of the above are correct. - CORRECT ANSWER All of the above are correct. Vector quantities express: - CORRECT ANSWER Magnitude and direction. All of the following statements about force are true EXCEPT: Force is a scalar quantity Force is a push or pull. Greater force results in greater acceleration. Smaller masses require less force to achieve the same acceleration. - CORRECT ANSWER Force is a scalar quantitiy (false) An astronaut has less what when in outer space: - CORRECT ANSWER Weight What voltage drops occur at higher resistances? - CORRECT ANSWER Higher An object at rest: - CORRECT ANSWER has no net force acting on it. A circuit with flowing current in it is considered: - CORRECT ANSWER Closed Noble most nearly means: - CORRECT ANSWER majestic Judicious most nearly means: - CORRECT ANSWER fair Preresquisite most nearly means - CORRECT ANSWER Required Coax most nearly means: - CORRECT ANSWER Plead Terminal most nearly means: - CORRECT ANSWER Final Augment most nearly means: - CORRECT ANSWER Enhance Tactile most nearly means: - CORRECT ANSWER Tangible Germinate most nearly means: - CORRECT ANSWER Seed Restore most nearly means: - CORRECT ANSWER Invigorate Filament most nearly means: - CORRECT ANSWER Thread Congeal most nearly means: - CORRECT ANSWER Harden Impose most nearly means: - CORRECT ANSWER Force Stunted most nearly means: - CORRECT ANSWER Halted Longevity most nearly means: - CORRECT ANSWER Lifetime Mutable most nearly means: - CORRECT ANSWER Changing Virtuoso - CORRECT ANSWER highly skilled artist Virtuoso is the opposite of: - CORRECT ANSWER Incompetent Polarize is the opposite of: - CORRECT ANSWER Unite Whimsical is the opposite of: - CORRECT ANSWER Grave Dandy is the opposite of: - CORRECT ANSWER Careless dresser Mar - CORRECT ANSWER To damage, especially in a disfiguring way, to make something less attractive Mar is the opposite of: - CORRECT ANSWER Enhance Disperse is the opposite of: - CORRECT ANSWER Gather Hamper is the opposite of: - CORRECT ANSWER Assist Aptitude means the opposite of: - CORRECT ANSWER Inability Gullible means the opposite of: - CORRECT ANSWER Incredulous Replenish is the opposite of: - CORRECT ANSWER Deplete Abundant is the opposite of: - CORRECT ANSWER Scarce Wary means the opposite of: - CORRECT ANSWER Careless Sedentary means the opposite of: - CORRECT ANSWER Active Rudimentary is the opposite of: - CORRECT ANSWER Advanced Convoke - CORRECT ANSWER to call together Convoke is the opposite of: - CORRECT ANSWER Disperse Shard:Glass:: - CORRECT ANSWER Scrap:Quilt Filter:Impurity:: - CORRECT ANSWER Expurgate:Obscenity Cut:Laceration - CORRECT ANSWER Slit:Gap Quixotic - CORRECT ANSWER impractical Realist:Quixotic (a realist is the opposite of a quixotic) - CORRECT ANSWER Tormenter:Sympathetic Badge:Policeman (this identifies the policeman) - CORRECT ANSWER Dog tag:Soldier Beseech - CORRECT ANSWER to request with great fervor Scrutinize:Observe - CORRECT ANSWER Beseech:Resquest Epicurean - CORRECT ANSWER Devoted to the pursuit of pleasure Indulge:Epicurean (someone Epicurean is likely to indulge themselves) - CORRECT ANSWER Revenge:Vindictive Stare:Look (a stare is a more intense form of looking) - CORRECT ANSWER Despair:Worry Pancreas:Organ (a pancreas is a type of organ) - CORRECT ANSWER Knee:Joint Enunciate (pronoune more clearly):Pronounce - CORRECT ANSWER Elaborate:Explain (Elaborate - discuss something in depth) Meander - CORRECT ANSWER to wander aimlessly Prattle - CORRECT ANSWER meaningless sounds, babble Meander:Walk - CORRECT ANSWER Prattle:Talk Diluvial - CORRECT ANSWER before the flood Flood:Diluvial - CORRECT ANSWER Heart:Cardiac (Cardiac is having to do with the heart) Penitent - CORRECT ANSWER person who tends to regret Querulous - CORRECT ANSWER complainer, argumentative Pentitent:Regret - CORRECT ANSWER Querulous:Quibble Vegetate:Active - CORRECT ANSWER Accept:Questioning Debilitate:Weak (to debilitate means to make weak) - CORRECT ANSWER Empower:Strong Advice or Advise - CORRECT ANSWER Advice Which of the following is $53,298 rounded off to the nearest 100? - CORRECT ANSWER 53,300 Accept - CORRECT ANSWER to take or receive Except - CORRECT ANSWER leave out adverse - CORRECT ANSWER unfavorable averse - CORRECT ANSWER opposed or reluctant Affect - CORRECT ANSWER to have an impact or influence on (this will certainly affect traffic on the access roads) Effect - CORRECT ANSWER Results, impact. The proposal will have a detritous effect on everyone's quality of life. Insure - CORRECT ANSWER to guard against loss. There is no way to insure this investment. Ensure - CORRECT ANSWER to make certain. Please ensure you have the tickets for the show. Cite - CORRECT ANSWER to quote, to refer to Complement - CORRECT ANSWER something that completes. This item complements our product line. Compliment - CORRECT ANSWER to flatter Discrete - CORRECT ANSWER Separate, not connected. These are two discrete issues. Discreet - CORRECT ANSWER Prudent, modest, being discreet, having discretion. Disinterested - CORRECT ANSWER Impartial, objective Uninterested - CORRECT ANSWER Not interested Eminent - CORRECT ANSWER Outstanding, distinguished Imminent - CORRECT ANSWER About to happen, impending Incidence - CORRECT ANSWER Frequency, occurrence Incident - CORRECT ANSWER occurrence of an event or situation Precede - CORRECT ANSWER to come before Proceed - CORRECT ANSWER To go forward Principle - CORRECT ANSWER Head of a school or main sum of money Principle - CORRECT ANSWER A basic truth or law. I have always run my business based on the principle that honesty is always the best policy. Reign - CORRECT ANSWER to exercise power Rein - CORRECT ANSWER a means or restraint or guidance; to restrain control. Integers - CORRECT ANSWER whole numbers, including negative and zero Ionization energy - CORRECT ANSWER The energy required to completely remove an electron from an atom or ion. Ionization energy increases from - CORRECT ANSWER left to right across a period as the atomic radius decreases. Electron affinity - CORRECT ANSWER the energy released when an electron is added to a gaseous atom. Represents the ease with which an atom can accept an electron. Electronegativity - CORRECT ANSWER a measure of the attraction an atom has for electrons in a chemical bond Atomic mass - CORRECT ANSWER number of protons mass number - CORRECT ANSWER number of protons and neutrons Ionic bond - CORRECT ANSWER transfer of electrons Covalent bond - CORRECT ANSWER sharing of electrons solute - CORRECT ANSWER substance being dissolved (often solid) Solvent - CORRECT ANSWER substance doing the dissolving (often liquid) solution - CORRECT ANSWER solvent and dissolved solute Arrhenius - CORRECT ANSWER an acid as a species that produces H+ in an aqueous solution, and a base as a species that produces OH- in aqueous solution A Bronsted-Lawry acid - CORRECT ANSWER species that donates protons Bronsted Lawry base - CORRECT ANSWER species that accepts protons A Lewis acid - CORRECT ANSWER electron-pair acceptor Lewis base - CORRECT ANSWER electron-pair donor Mass - CORRECT ANSWER measure of the amount of substance in an object, kg Weight - CORRECT ANSWER gravitational force pulling down an object, measured in Newtons (N) Heat - CORRECT ANSWER Kinetic energy of molecules transferred from a warmer substance to a cooler one. Temperature - CORRECT ANSWER measure of the average kintetic energy of molecules in a substance Fusion - CORRECT ANSWER combining of small nuclei into larger ones, releasing energy Fission - CORRECT ANSWER splitting of large nucleus into smaller ones, with the release of neutrons and energy. Compound - CORRECT ANSWER a pure substance that is composed of two or more elements in a fixed proportion The elements in the periodic table may be classified into three categories - CORRECT ANSWER Metals, nonmetals and metalloids Three types of subatomic particles - CORRECT ANSWER protons, neutrons, electrons The periodic table arranges elements in - CORRECT ANSWER increasing atomic numbers The law of charges states that - CORRECT ANSWER like charges repel each other and unlike charges attract each other Heat - CORRECT ANSWER the kinetic energy of molecules transferred from a warmer substance to a cooler one Transverse wave - CORRECT ANSWER a wave that vibrates in a direction that is perpendicular to the direction of motion of the wave Longitudinal wave - CORRECT ANSWER a wave that vibrates in a direction that is parallel to the direction of motion of the wave All that apply to a sound wave - CORRECT ANSWER It is a longitudinal wave, it is a mechanical wave The kinetic molecular theory: Gases are made up of particles whose volumes are - CORRECT ANSWER negligible compared to the container volume The kinetic molecular theory: Gas atoms or molecules exhibit no - CORRECT ANSWER intermolecular attractions or repulsions The kinetic molecular theory: Gas particles are - CORRECT ANSWER in continuous, random motion, undergoing collisions with other particles and with the container walls. The kinetic molecular theory:Collisions between any two gas particles are - CORRECT ANSWER elastic (no energy is dissipated or equivalently, that kinetic energy is conserved) The kinetic molecular theory: The average kinetic energy of gas particles is proportional to - CORRECT ANSWER the absolute temperature of the gas, and the same for all gases at a given temperature. The transition from a liquid to a solid is called - CORRECT ANSWER solidification, crystalization or freezing The half-life of a sample is the time it takes for - CORRECT ANSWER half of the sample to decay Kinematics - CORRECT ANSWER the study of how things move Dynamism - CORRECT ANSWER the study of why things move What are Newton's Three Laws of Motion? - CORRECT ANSWER Law of action and reaction, Law of inertia, Force equals mass time acceleration What is the equation for Acceleration? - CORRECT ANSWER Acceleration = Change in velocity/Change in time Transcription - CORRECT ANSWER occurs when DNA is read to produce RNA Biochemical reactions that made ATP - CORRECT ANSWER Krebs Cycle, Glycolysis, Electron Transport In plants, photosynthesis occurs in this organelle, that is specific to plants - CORRECT ANSWER chloroplast What is NOT part of the central dogma? - CORRECT ANSWER structure of DNA discovered in 1953 by Watson and Crock and it became clear how DNA could play a role in genetic material The central dogma of molecular biology was first articulated by Francis Crick in - CORRECT ANSWER the process of producing proteins is irreversible: a protein cannot be used to create DNA. Dogma deals with transcription, translation, and DNA replication to produces new genomes Four nucleotides that make up DNA - CORRECT ANSWER Adenine, Guanine, Thymine, Cytosine mRNA - CORRECT ANSWER encodes gene messages to form proteins rRNA - CORRECT ANSWER part of the Ribosomes, involved in translation (protein synthesis) tRNA - CORRECT ANSWER transfer RNA; type of RNA that carries amino acids to the ribosome Eukaryotic cells - CORRECT ANSWER humans, trees, mushrooms, and all protists (amoebas or paramecia), Mitochondria - CORRECT ANSWER sites of aerobic respiration within the cell and important suppliers of energy (ATP) Powerhouse of the cell Cyokinesis - CORRECT ANSWER when the cytoplasm splits into two after the mitosis is completed The air passages involved in respiration consist of: - CORRECT ANSWER the nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, and alveoli. Three types of muscle tissue in vertebrates: - CORRECT ANSWER smooth, skeletal and cardiac The law of segregation states: - CORRECT ANSWER if there are two alleles in an individual that determine a trait, these two alleles will separate during gamete formation and act independently Species - CORRECT ANSWER a group of organisms that is able to successfully interbreed with each other and not other organisms Cell membrane (plasma membrane) - CORRECT ANSWER encloses the cell, regulates the passage of materials into and out of the cell. Eukaryotic cells differ from prokaryotes because they contain - CORRECT ANSWER organelles, membrane-bound structures that carry out specific functions for the cell. Organelles include the nucleus, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi, lysosomes, vacoules, mitochondria, etc. Cytoplasm - CORRECT ANSWER liquid inside a cell that surrounds organelles, gives the eukaryotic cell shape Prokaryotes - CORRECT ANSWER unicellular organisms Cell wall - CORRECT ANSWER is the outside lining that holds cell together. Cell membrane - CORRECT ANSWER is covered by the cell wall. Cell membrane is a semi-permanent substance so substances can pass through it, also known as plasma membrane or plasma lemma. CHROMOSOME - CORRECT ANSWER DNA of organism, structure in a cell that contains DNA CYTOPLASM - CORRECT ANSWER Described as the cytosol, largely composed of water. FUNGI - CORRECT ANSWER Single celled nun-nucleated microorganisms GENE - CORRECT ANSWER segment of DNA that functions as a unit GENOMICS - CORRECT ANSWER Study of genes, diagnose disease before tissue damaged LIPID - CORRECT ANSWER Water insoluble compound MICROTUBLE - CORRECT ANSWER Protein structure that gives cell its shape MOLECULE - CORRECT ANSWER Two or more atoms combine NUCLEOTIDE - CORRECT ANSWER 3-carbon and sugar base PLASMID - CORRECT ANSWER Small circular independently replicating piece of DNA can transfer to another cell (in bacteria, it is extra) PRIMERS - CORRECT ANSWER starting point for DNA synthesis, short structures of nucleotides POLYMERASE CHAIN REATION (PCR) - CORRECT ANSWER Need DNA to be amplified (multiplied) PORES - CORRECT ANSWER the nuclear envelope has PORES on its surface to allow larges molecules such as mRNA to enter. Mitosis - CORRECT ANSWER N-N, 2N-2N, Eukaryotic Cells, Identical #, Haploid-Haploid, Diploid-Diploid, Can create replication errors, type of mutation and cancer results Meiosis - CORRECT ANSWER 2N-N, ½ # chromosomes, Only in testes/ovaries, Reproduce Sexually, Gametes Human male reproduce system produces sperm in the - CORRECT ANSWER testes Testes - CORRECT ANSWER Gonads located in an out pocketing of the abdominal wall called the scrotum Seminiferous tubules - CORRECT ANSWER sperm develop in those series of small, coiled tubes within the testes Leydig cells - CORRECT ANSWER make up the testosterone that supports male secondary sex characteristics Vas deferens - CORRECT ANSWER carry sperm to the urethra that passes through the penis Prostate gland and seminal vesicles - CORRECT ANSWER during ejaculation, add secretions to the sperm that carry and provide nutrients for the sperm as part of semen Function of the testes - CORRECT ANSWER produce sperm and male hormones (testosterone) Testosterone and other steroid hormones called androgens - CORRECT ANSWER responsible for secondary sexual characteristics of the male, such as facial and pubic hair, change in body shape, and deepening voice change Spermatogenesis - CORRECT ANSWER the meiotic development of sperm in males Spermatocytes - CORRECT ANSWER in testes, cells divide to create spermatocytes, which undergo meiosis (sexual div - identical # produced) to form 4 haploid spermatids. Spermatids - CORRECT ANSWER four haploid cells that are formed when a diploid reproductive cell divides meiotically Women are born with all the eggs they will have have while males - CORRECT ANSWER produce fresh sperm daily. (genetic anomalies are more common in eggs of older women). During development of female children, ova progress to the meiotic prophase I, in meiotic cell division and are stuck at this 1st stage. - CORRECT ANSWER Except for the ova that mature during each menstraul cycle, the ova remain arrested. Ovaries - CORRECT ANSWER paired structures in the lower portion of the abdominal cavity Follicle - CORRECT ANSWER a collection of cells around the ova that support its development and secret hormones Each ovary is accompanied by a - CORRECT ANSWER fallopian tube, also called an oviduct At birth, all the eggs a female will ovulate during her lifetime are already present in the ovaries, but - CORRECT ANSWER these eggs develop and ovulate at the rate of one every 28 days starting at puberty The ovaries produce sex hormones such as - CORRECT ANSWER estrogen Like male sex hormone, the female sex hormones (estrogen) regulate the secondary sexual characteristics of the female including: - CORRECT ANSWER development of mammary (milk) glands and wider hip bones (pelvis). They also play a role in development of menstrual cycle Fertilization - CORRECT ANSWER first step in embryonic development Zygote - CORRECT ANSWER a fertilized egg, produced by the joining of a sperm and an egg (single diploid cell) External reproduction - CORRECT ANSWER reproduction by vertebrates in water; eggs are laid in water and sperm are deposited near them population - CORRECT ANSWER a group of organisms of the same species that live in a specific geographical area and interbreed phenotype - CORRECT ANSWER physical expression of inherited traits alleles - CORRECT ANSWER Different forms of a gene. Example height (tall or short) in pea plants. Gene pool - CORRECT ANSWER the sum total of all alleles (different forms of a gene) in a population Allele frequency - CORRECT ANSWER the frequency with which a specific allele appears in a gene pool Variation in genotypes and phenotypes - CORRECT ANSWER each individual receives its specific sets of alleles from the gene pool, and not every individual receives the same alleles Mutation in a population - CORRECT ANSWER creates new alleles Evolution is caused by - CORRECT ANSWER changes in the gene pool of a population over time, and changes to alleles Species - CORRECT ANSWER group of organisms that is able to successfully interbreed with each other to produce fertile offspring and not with other organisms Reproductive isolation - CORRECT ANSWER in biological species, in inability to interbreed and create fertile offspring (dogs only breed with other dogs, etc) Spermatogenesis is characterized by: - CORRECT ANSWER production of four mature sperm; each sperm has an X or Y chromosome; the process is continuous; Fresh sperm are created daily Oogeneisis is characterized by: - CORRECT ANSWER production of one egg and two to three polar bodies; only ova with X chromosomes produced; the process is discontinuos; ova are produced that donate mitochondria to embroyos; a limited supply of ova is produced early in life and the development of ova is arrested later in life Right ventricle - CORRECT ANSWER pumps blood to the lungs into the pulmonary artery Left ventricle - CORRECT ANSWER pumps blood through the aorta to the rest of the body Arteries functions and characteristics: - CORRECT ANSWER thick walled; oxygenated; conduct blood at high pressures; have a pulse; no valves to prevent backflow Veins - CORRECT ANSWER thin walled; deoxygenated; conduct blood at low pressures; no pulse; have valves to prevent backflow Sympathetic nervous system - CORRECT ANSWER associated with fight or flight response; increases heart rate; increases breathing rate; lowers digestive rate; causes pupil dilation Parasympahtetic nervous system - CORRECT ANSWER associated with rest-and-digest response; lowers heart rate; no affect on breathing rate; increases digestive rate; doesn't cause pupil dilation Cones - CORRECT ANSWER photoreceptors that respond to high-intensity illumination and color Rods - CORRECT ANSWER respond to low-intensity illumination (important in night vision), but do not detect color well Smooth muscle - CORRECT ANSWER involuntary muscle present in the arteries, gastrointestinal tract, and elsewhere Skeletal muscles - CORRECT ANSWER voluntary muscles that cause body movement Cardiac muscle - CORRECT ANSWER tissue that makes up the heart Incomplete dominance - CORRECT ANSWER when two traits are blended together; both are partially expressed, and neither dominates Codominance - CORRECT ANSWER both traits are fully expressed and neither dominates Homologous structures - CORRECT ANSWER share a common ancestry Analogous structures - CORRECT ANSWER not inherited from a common ancester, but perform similar functions The population in a community interact with each other in a variety of ways, including - CORRECT ANSWER predation, competition, or symbiosis Predation - CORRECT ANSWER the consumption of one organism by another, usually resulting in death Competition - CORRECT ANSWER a competitive relationship usually exists in a population when there are limited resources Symbionts - CORRECT ANSWER live together in an intimate, often permanent, association that may or may not be beneficial to them Write the taxonomic classifications in order - CORRECT ANSWER Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Subphylum, Class, Order, Family Genus, Species (Does King Phillip Sometimes Come Over for great Spaghetti?) Characteristics of mammals - CORRECT ANSWER hair, sweat glands, mammary glands, and four chambered hearts Function of bone? - CORRECT ANSWER Formation of blood cells, Protection of vital organs, Framework for movement The rate of breathing is controlled by involuntary centers in the: - CORRECT ANSWER Cerebellum Which of the following occurs in the cell nucleus? - CORRECT ANSWER RNA and DNA synthesis If one parent is homozygous dominant and the other is homoxygous recessive, which of the following might reappear in an F2 generation, but not in an F1 generation? - CORRECT ANSWER Dominant phenotype In fruit flies, the gene for wing type is located on an autosomal chromosome. The allele for wild-type wings is dominant over the allele for vestigal wings, If a homoxygous dominant male fly is crossed with a female with vestigal wings, that percentage of their female progeny are expected to have wild-type wings? - CORRECT ANSWER 100% Members of an order are more alike than members of a? - CORRECT ANSWER Class The process by which plants convert carbon dioxide and water into sugar and oxygen is called - CORRECT ANSWER photosynthesis Function of the hormone oxytocin - CORRECT ANSWER increases uterine contractions during childbirth. released by posterior pituitary Which blood type can be donated to anyone? - CORRECT ANSWER Type O A typical human gamete contains - CORRECT ANSWER 23 chromosomes Color blindness is a sex-linked recessive trait found on the X chromosome. Colorblindness in a male population is 1 in 20. Predicted incidence of color blindness of color blindness among females in same population? - CORRECT ANSWER 1/20X1/20 = 1/400 Most human digestion takes place in - CORRECT ANSWER small intestine Order that includes man is called - CORRECT ANSWER Primate Insulin is created in the body's - CORRECT ANSWER Pancreas If 2 brown-eyed parents have a blue-eyed child, the probability that their next child will have blue eyes is - CORRECT ANSWER 1 in 4 (if one of their children had blue eyes, both parents carry the recessive blue eyed gene, so the chances are 1 in 4 bb) Tough elastic tissues found in the joints that connect bones are called - CORRECT ANSWER Ligaments Marsupial mammals differ from placental mammals in that - CORRECT ANSWER Marsupials bear premature embryos that complete development in their mother's pouches Rods and cones are light-sensitive cells inside the eyes: - CORRECT ANSWER Retina Muscles controlled by conscious thought - CORRECT ANSWER Straiated Ecology - CORRECT ANSWER study of interactions between organisms and their relationships with their environments Most of the nutrients in food are absorbed in the body's - CORRECT ANSWER small intestine carbohydrates include - CORRECT ANSWER starches and sugars Chordata - CORRECT ANSWER Phylum that includes man Which statement regarding protein synthesis is false? tRNA molecules help incorporate the correct amino acids into proteins. Proteins are formed on the ribosomes. mRNA is not necessary for proper protein synthesis. Ribosomal RNA is needed for proper binding of the mRNA message. - CORRECT ANSWER This is False: mRNA is not necessary for proper protein synthesis - protein synthesis does require mRNA. A typical human gamete: - CORRECT ANSWER contains a haploid number of genes; will always contain an X or Y chromosome; has undergone genetic recombinations In humans, red blood cells: - CORRECT ANSWER have no nucleus (red blood cells are made in the bone marrow, they lose their nuclei to make room for hemoglobin, so they cannot reproduce or repair themselves) What best describes tRNA? - CORRECT ANSWER Binds specific amino acids and carries them to the ribosomes during protein synthesis (taxi) Which statement about human gamete production is false? In the testes, sperm develop in the seminiferous tubules. In the ovaries, eggs develop in the ovarian follicles. FSH stimulates gamete production in both sexes. The result of meiosis in females is the production of 4 egg cells from each diploid precursor cell. - CORRECT ANSWER The production of 4 eggs is false - Oogenesis produces only one viable egg and two or three polar bodies. If a diabetic accidentally overdosed on insulin, which of the following would be likely to occur? - CORRECT ANSWER Increased conversion of glucose to glycogen. Saliva in the mouth begins the process of breaking down: - CORRECT ANSWER starch Spermatogenesis and oogenesis differ in that: - CORRECT ANSWER Meiosis proceeds continually without pausing in spermatogenesis and oogenseis involves a meiotic pause. Spermatogenesis produces 4 haploid sperm cells from each diploid precursor cell, while oogenesis produces one egg cell and two or more polar bodies. An individual that has only one X chromosome is genotypically XO. This person - CORRECT ANSWER Will be phenotypically female but sterile (turner's female) underdeveloped ovaries, may be shorter with mental development problems) The first organisms on earth were thought to be: - CORRECT ANSWER Heterotrophs In an emergency, a person with type AB antigen in his red blood cells may receive a transfusion of: - CORRECT ANSWER Type O, A or B (Type AB is a Universal acceptor) Function of hormone progesterone - CORRECT ANSWER Prepares the uterus for implantation of the fertilized egg The gene for color blindness is X-linked. If normal parents have a color blind son, what is the probability that he inherited the gene for color blindness from his mother? - CORRECT ANSWER 100% (the mother has two X chromosomes, one from her mother and one from her father and the father only has one X chromosome from his father, so his mother MUST be the carrier) What is a chemical process: - CORRECT ANSWER Iron forms rust In degrees kelvin, the freezing point of water is: - CORRECT ANSWER 273 An atom that is not electrically neutral is called - CORRECT ANSWER an ion The atom of an element with an atomic number of 17 must have: - CORRECT ANSWER 17 electrons The sun's core consists primarily of 1H and 4He, as well as various other trace elements and isotopes. Which of the following statements is not true regarding the fusion reaction that occurs within the core? Electrons are released as a product of the fusion reaction. The mass of the products is less than the mass of the reactants in the balanced fusion equation. Six photons are emitted as a product of the fusion reaction. Four hydrogen atoms combine to form a single helium atom. - CORRECT ANSWER Not true - Electrons are released as a product of the fusion reaction (the core of the sun is so hot, the electrons are stripped away) The greater the electronegativity of an atom: - CORRECT ANSWER the greater its attraction for bonding electrons is Noble gases: - CORRECT ANSWER aka inert gases, Have low boiling points, are all gases at room temperature a pH below 7 indicates: - CORRECT ANSWER excess of h+ ions, and an acidic solution Electron affinity - CORRECT ANSWER energy released when an electron is added to a gaseous solution and represents the ease with which an atom can accept an electron Malleability - CORRECT ANSWER ability of a metal to be hammered into shapes Ohm - CORRECT ANSWER in electricity, a unit of resistance The Doppler effect - CORRECT ANSWER As an ambulance passes, its pitch seems to change. This perception is best explained by: Radio waves - CORRECT ANSWER states of electromagnetic radiation with the longest wavelength and lowest frequency All of the following statements about weight are true except: Weight increases closer to Earth's surface. Weight is not dependent on mass. Weight is greater on planet's with greater mass. Weight varies from location to location. - CORRECT ANSWER Weight is not dependent on mass (not true) - Weight is dependent on mass and acceleration due to gravity. Ohms - CORRECT ANSWER Resistance is measured in and it looks like a horse shoe One pound of force is applied to move an object a distance of one foot. The amount of work that has been done is? - CORRECT ANSWER 1 foot-pound (W=FXD) W=1X1=1 Insulator - CORRECT ANSWER a material that will not conduct electricity All of the following statements about energy are true except: Energy cannot be created The amount of energy in the universe is slowly diminishing. Energy cannot be destroyed. Energy can be converted from one form to another. - CORRECT ANSWER False: energy in the universe is not diminishing. The principle of conversation of energy says that the amount of energy in the universe is constant. A boulder that begins to roll down a hill is an example of an energy conversion from: - CORRECT ANSWER Potential to kinetic A policeman fires a handgun during target practice. His weapon recoils slightly as he fires because: - CORRECT ANSWER For every action, there is an equal but opposite reaction. (Newton's Third Law of Motion) Meters per second is measure of: - CORRECT ANSWER Speed Kinetic energy - CORRECT ANSWER the energy of movement divide 12/17 by 6/7 - CORRECT ANSWER 12/17 X 7/6 = 14/17 multiply the fractions 3/2 and 4/3 - CORRECT ANSWER 3/2 X 4/3 =12/6 = 2 empirical formula - CORRECT ANSWER of a chemical compound is the simplest positive integer ratio of atoms of each element present in a compound. For example, the chemical compound n-hexane has the structural formula CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3, which shows that it has 6 carbon atoms arranged in a chain, and 14 hydrogen atoms Before entering the Krebs cycle, pyruvate is converted to - CORRECT ANSWER acetyl-CoA A single "turn" of the Krebs cycle will yield - CORRECT ANSWER 1 ATP, 3 NADH, and 1 FADH2. The initial reaction of the Krebs cycle involves the addition of a - CORRECT ANSWER 2-carbon molecule to a 4-carbon molecule. The Krebs cycle occurs in the - CORRECT ANSWER mitochondrion Aerobic respiration is divided into two processes - CORRECT ANSWER the Krebs cycle, and the Electron Transport Chain, which produces ATP Glycolysis produces - CORRECT ANSWER 2 pyruvate molecules, which are converted into acetyl CoA, pyruvate molecules are processed through - CORRECT ANSWER the Kreb Cycle, also known as the citric acid cycle (TCA cycle) The Krebs cycle - CORRECT ANSWER the first of two stages of a process called cellular respiration, in which glucose is transformed into a usable form of chemical energy called adenosine triphosphate, or ATP. begins with the raw materials glucose and oxygen and yields carbon dioxide and water (both waste products) and free energy, some of which is captured and stored in usable form as ATP. The liver - CORRECT ANSWER located in the upper right-hand portion of the abdominal cavity, beneath the diaphragm and on top of the stomach, right kidney, and intestines functions of the liver? - CORRECT ANSWER production of bile, which helps carry away waste and break down fats in the small intestine during digestion; production of certain proteins for blood plasma; production of cholesterol and special proteins to help carry fats through the body; conversion of excess glucose into glycogen for storage (This glycogen can later be converted back to glucose for energy.); regulation of blood levels of amino acids, processing of hemoglobin for use of its iron content (The liver stores iron.); conversion of poisonous ammonia to urea (Urea is one of the end products of protein metabolism that is excreted in the urine.); clearing the blood of drugs and other poisonous substances; regulating blood clotting; resisting infections by producing immune factors and removing bacteria from the bloodstream thyroid hormones - CORRECT ANSWER hormones produced by the thyroid gland primarily responsible for regulation of metabolism thyroid functions - CORRECT ANSWER act on nearly every cell in the body. increase the basal metabolic rate, affect protein synthesis, help regulate long bone growth; essential to proper development ; regulate protein, fat, and carbohydrate metabolism action potential - CORRECT ANSWER a short-lasting event in which the electrical membrane potential of a cell rapidly rises and falls, following a consistent trajectory. Single displacement reactions are reactions where one reactant replaces part of the other. - CORRECT ANSWER AB + C → AC + B Double displacement reactions are reactions where part of one reactant is replaced by part of another reactant. - CORRECT ANSWER AB + CD → AD + CB ground state - CORRECT ANSWER lowest-energy state; the energy of the ground state is known as the zero-point energy of the system excited state - CORRECT ANSWER any state with energy greater than the ground state. After absorbing energy, an electron may jump from the ground state - CORRECT ANSWER to a higher energy excited state. Soporific - CORRECT ANSWER (adj.) Tending to cause sleep, relating to sleepiness or lethargy; (n.) something that induces sleep Recrudescent - CORRECT ANSWER to start up again, to reoccur after a period of being dormant Equanimity - CORRECT ANSWER the quality of being calm and even-tempered; composure Deleterious - CORRECT ANSWER harmful, injurious Folible - CORRECT ANSWER (n.) a weak point, failing, minor flaw Insipid - CORRECT ANSWER uninteresting; unchallenging; lacking taste or savor Stanch - CORRECT ANSWER to stop the flow of Fallacious - CORRECT ANSWER false; misleading Inimical - CORRECT ANSWER hostile; unfriendly Remonstrate - CORRECT ANSWER to protest, object Ebullient - CORRECT ANSWER overflowing with enthusiasm Hypothalamus - CORRECT ANSWER Appetite Cerebellum - CORRECT ANSWER Motor Coordination Cerebral cortex - CORRECT ANSWER Higher intellectual function Carbon -12 and carbon-14 are isotopes. They are both carbon atoms with the same - CORRECT ANSWER number of protons A substance with a pH of 3 is how times more acidic than a substance with a pH of 5? - CORRECT ANSWER 100 (2 X10) When an electric current is passed through water, two gases can be collected. This shows water is not an - CORRECT ANSWER element In chemistry, pure water is said to be: - CORRECT ANSWER neutral Radioactive isotopes are frequently used in medicine. What kind of half-life would a medical isotope probably have? - CORRECT ANSWER days long What kind of reaction is a nuclear reaction in which a nucleus are split? - CORRECT ANSWER fission A strong base is in which pH ranges? - CORRECT ANSWER 11.2-12 The symbol Au on the periodic table stands for? - CORRECT ANSWER gold When a car is driven for a long time, the pressure of air in the tires increases. This is best explained by which gas law? - CORRECT ANSWER Gay-Lussac's Law (temp and pressure are directly proportional) When an acid is added to a base, water and a salt form. What kinds of bonds form in these two compounds? - CORRECT ANSWER polar covalent and ionic Which of the following colors present in white light is best absorbed by plant leaves? - CORRECT ANSWER blue Phloem tissue in plant stems conducts - CORRECT ANSWER foods made by the plant throughout the plant If bacteria are placed in a strong solution of salt water, they will shrink as water moves out of the bacteria. This happens through the process of: - CORRECT ANSWER osmosis What process do cells in the tip of a plant's root undergo to increase in number? - CORRECT ANSWER mitosis Which group of animals eats both plant and animal material? - CORRECT ANSWER omnivores In which phase of mitosis do the chromosomes move to opposite ends of the reproducing cell? - CORRECT ANSWER anaphase How does an enzyme work on a chemical reaction that occurs in a substrate? - CORRECT ANSWER an enzyme speeds up chemical reactions In plants, chlorophyll masks other pigments present in leaves. Chlorophyll is important to animals because - CORRECT ANSWER it is the pigment that traps the energy in light plants use to make sugars. Muscle contractions that normally move food along the human digestive system are known as: - CORRECT ANSWER peristalsis Cholesterol is a fat normally found in humans. Excess cholesterol in the blood is often the cause of: - CORRECT ANSWER atherosclerosis In the human digestive system, food moves from the mouth to the stomach through the: - CORRECT ANSWER esophagus There are three types of muscle present in the human body: smooth, skeletal, and: - CORRECT ANSWER cardiac The gap between two nerve cells is called a - CORRECT ANSWER synapse What structures in the small intestine increase this organ's surface area allowing increased absorption of digested nutrients: - CORRECT ANSWER villi Bacteria and fungi are organisms that are most responsible for food spoilage. Many foods are kept cool to prevent the growth of these organisms. Food with high salt content don't have to be refrigerated. What natural process prevents these foods from spoiling? - CORRECT ANSWER osmosis Blood is composed of red blood cells, white blood cells platelets, and - CORRECT ANSWER plasma A layer of light-sensitive cells called what make up one of the layers of the retina? - CORRECT ANSWER cones and rods What type of muscle tissue moves bones? - CORRECT ANSWER skeletal muscle Femur - CORRECT ANSWER Bone in human thigh Pulmonary - CORRECT ANSWER refers to the lungs Arteries - CORRECT ANSWER carry blood away from the heart (a for away) Rectum - CORRECT ANSWER stores fecal matter When antifreeze is added to water in a car's radiator: - CORRECT ANSWER The boiling point of the solution will increase Longitudinal waves have vibrations that move - CORRECT ANSWER in the same direction as the wave Light strikes a mirror at a certain angle and bounces off the mirror at - CORRECT ANSWER the same angle White light is made up of - CORRECT ANSWER the colors of the visible spectrum photons - CORRECT ANSWER light particles An atom becomes an ion with a positive charge. The atom: - CORRECT ANSWER lost an electron Which of the following is NOT paired with its unit of measure? current/amperes voltage/watts resistance/ohms power/watts - CORRECT ANSWER voltage is measured in volts. The symbol I represents - CORRECT ANSWER current One light in a set of decorative lights burns out; all the other lights in the string also go dark. The reason is: - CORRECT ANSWER the lights are connected in a series circuit. What is the voltage needed to deliver 2.5 amperes to a device with a resistance of 5 ohms? - CORRECT ANSWER Ohms law states that voltage is equal to current times resistance. V=I X R V=2.5X5=12.5 Ohms - CORRECT ANSWER Electrical resistance measurement If a standard 110-volt appliance draws 8 amperes, how much power does it use? - CORRECT ANSWER Power is measured in watts. 110 x 8 = 880 watts A force os 15,000 N is applied to an object for one minute. What is the implies directed on the object? - CORRECT ANSWER N is Newton seconds. Impulse = 15,000 N X 60 seconds = 900,000 N s. Average mean of 9,0.7.11.3. and 6? - CORRECT ANSWER add the numbers together and divide by the number. 6 Express 72/8 as a percentage - CORRECT ANSWER 900%. divide 72 by 8 and you get 9, which is the same as 900% How many milligrams are in 34 grams? - CORRECT ANSWER There are 1,000 milligrams in a gram, so 34X1,000=34,000 milligrams 3 3/5-2/3 - CORRECT ANSWER 44/15vConvert 3 3/5 into an improper fraction 18/5. 7 subscript 12 divided by 7 subscript 3 = - CORRECT ANSWER 7 subscript 9 (for division if bases are the same, subtract exponents) If a right triangle has a base of 60 feet and a height of 80 feet, what is the length of the hypotenuse? - CORRECT ANSWER 100 feet Which of the following has the greatest value? I-11I -11 1/11 -1/11 - CORRECT ANSWER I-11I (the absolute value of this is 11 ) If a circle is 12 feet across in diameter, what is the area of the circle? - CORRECT ANSWER 36 pie square feet What is a prime number? - CORRECT ANSWER 31. A prime number is only divisible by 1 and itself. A package of 10 pencils is divided between every 2 students in class. If there are 2o students in class, how many pencils are needed? - CORRECT ANSWER 10 pencils are divided between 2 students, so each student gets 5 pencils. So 5 pencils or every student and you have 20 students is 5 X20 = 100 pencils 5/9-2/5 - CORRECT ANSWER Use the bowtie method to find the difference. (5X5)-(2X9) on top and (9X5) on bottom. (25)-(10) =7 (45) Answer = 7/45 Maddy divided her circular cake in 10 equal slices. She ate 3 slices. What is the degree of measure of the central angle encompassing Maddy's 3 slices of cake? - CORRECT ANSWER Maddy eats 3/10 of the cake which is a total of 360 degrees. 3/10 X360 = 108 If outside temp is 82 farenheit, what is it in celcius? - CORRECT ANSWER 28, to convert to celcius, C=82-32X5/9=28 What is the sum of the prime factors of 144? - CORRECT ANSWER 14. The prime factors of 144 are 2,2,2,2,3 and 3. Adding these numbers give you a sum of 14. What expression is the same as X20/X5? - CORRECT ANSWER X15 (remember to subtract exponentials for division). Simplify Checkmark108 - CORRECT ANSWER 6checkmark108 (prime factors of 108 are 2,2,3,3, and 3, so the pair os 2/s and the pair of 3's can come outside of the square root sign, with only the 3 remaining. Which of the following is NOT a prime number? 1, 2, 3 or 4? - CORRECT ANSWER 4 (b/c it is divisible by other numbers) Ionization energy - CORRECT ANSWER energy required to remove the outermost electron from an atom In the presence of an acid. phenolphthalein is - CORRECT ANSWER clear (in a base, it is magenta) Melting and boiling point are - CORRECT ANSWER physical properties Blood with a pH of 1.3 indicates the blood samples is - CORRECT ANSWER strongly acidic When a substance undergoes a phase change from a gas to liquid, this process is called: - CORRECT ANSWER condensation H2O - CORRECT ANSWER contains a polar covalent bond deposition - CORRECT ANSWER when a substance undergoes a phase change from a gas to solid with no apparent liquid phase in between Semimetals - CORRECT ANSWER B,Si,As,Te,At, and Sb form a staircase pattern on the right side of the periodic table. They are classified as: Which of the following is NOT an allotrope of carbon (allotrope is different form of same element): diamonds graphite flourine buckminsterfullerene - CORRECT ANSWER Flourine is NOT an allotrope of carbon. It is its own element. Which of the following factors would NOT affect rates of reaction? temperature surface area pressure time - CORRECT ANSWER Time 56 Kg of a radioactive substance has a half-life of 12 days. How many days will it take the substance to naturally decay to only 7 kg? - CORRECT ANSWER For a substance to decay from 56 kg to 7 kg, it undergoes 3 half-lives. 56 to 28 to 14 to 7. SInce the half-live is 12 days and 12 X 3 = 36. The answer is 36 days. Cleavage - CORRECT ANSWER After fertilization, the sperm and egg become a zygote, which then begins a number of cell divisions called Which of the following is NOT a step in the process of mitosis? interphase prophase metaphase thetaphase - CORRECT ANSWER thetaphase Stamen - CORRECT ANSWER male reproductive organ of the flower Autotrophs - CORRECT ANSWER Organisms that make their own food In pea plants, shortness is recessive and tallness is dominant. If 100 percent of the F2 generation of pea plants are tall, then the F1 generation could have been. - CORRECT ANSWER TT x tt Which two wavelengths of light are ideal for photosynthesis? - CORRECT ANSWER 420 nm, 660 nm mitochondria - CORRECT ANSWER organelles with an inner membrane, outer membrane, that carry our aerobic respiration AB --> A+B represents what type of chemical reaction? - CORRECT ANSWER decomposition In what organ do muscles push food into the stomach via the process of peristalsis? - CORRECT ANSWER esophagus ventricles - CORRECT ANSWER bottom two chambers of the heart Skin - CORRECT ANSWER primary defense for the body against pathogens and infection Inflammation - CORRECT ANSWER secondary defense against pathogens Trachea - CORRECT ANSWER connects larynx to bronchi kidney - CORRECT ANSWER organ that produces urine What glad listed below is not paired up with a hormone it produces? ovaries/estrogen thyroid gland/thyroxin posterior pituitary/cortisol thymus/thymosin - CORRECT ANSWER posterior pituitary not matched correctly, it produces oxytocin and vasopressin. Cortisol controls rate of metabolism for fasts, proteins and carbohydrates. Sensory neurons and motors neurons make up the - CORRECT ANSWER peripheral nervous system Tendons connect - CORRECT ANSWER bone to muscle Which answer choice below is NOT part of the human skeletal system? clavicle humorous uterer scapula - CORRECT ANSWER Ureter The cochlea and pinna are parts of the - CORRECT ANSWER ear The pancreas is what to the esophagus - CORRECT ANSWER proximal (meaning closer to the body's trunk_ Pepsin is a substance used by the body to - CORRECT ANSWER break down proteins T cells - CORRECT ANSWER In the human immune system, responsible for recognizing non self cells Alveoli are tiny air sacs that allow for gas exchange. They are part of the - CORRECT ANSWER respiratory system Which of the following is NOT part of the male reproductive system? epididymis vas deferens oviduct prostate gland - CORRECT ANSWER oviduct (this is female reproductive system) medulla oblongata, cerebrum, cerebellum - CORRECT ANSWER parts of the human brain The axial skeletal system does NOT include: skull ribs breastbone skeletal muscles - CORRECT ANSWER skeletal muscles Displacement is a - CORRECT ANSWER vector quantity thirteen miles south - CORRECT ANSWER describes a vector quantity The formula for velocity is the same as the formula for - CORRECT ANSWER speed An object moves 320 m in 20 s. What is the speed of the object over this time? - CORRECT ANSWER Speed = Distance/Time = 320/20 = 16m/s An object has a CONSTANT velocity of 20 m/s and travels for 20 s. What is the acceleration of the object. - CORRECT ANSWER 0 m/s (squared). An object with a constant velocity doesn't experience any acceleration b/c there is no change in velocity. A Newton is calculated using the formula - CORRECT ANSWER f = ma The unit of measure for acceleration is - CORRECT ANSWER m/s (squared) W=Fd is the formula for - CORRECT ANSWER work Newton's Third Law - CORRECT ANSWER When one object applies a force to a second object, that second object applied an opposite and equal force to the first object. Newton's Second Law of Motion - CORRECT ANSWER The relationship between acceleration and force Newton's First Law of Motion - CORRECT ANSWER Intertia - An object in motion will stay in motion, and an object at rest will stay at rest, unless acted upon by force Resistance - CORRECT ANSWER ability of a substance to impede the flow of an electric current Dispersion - CORRECT ANSWER occurs when white light travels through a prism and breaks up into a range of colors 1/2 mv (squared) is the formula for - CORRECT ANSWER kinetic energy wavelength - CORRECT ANSWER distance between two crests (or troughs) on a wave joule - CORRECT ANSWER unit of measurement for energy On a tongue, taste buds pick up tastes that are sweet, sour, salty and - CORRECT ANSWER bitter Express 90/12 as a percentage: - CORRECT ANSWER 90/12 is 7.5 which is 750% If a desk measures 56 inches in length, how many centimeters is that? - CORRECT ANSWER 1 inch = 2.5 centimeters. Multiply 56 x 2.5 = 140 2 6/7 divided by 3/4 - CORRECT ANSWER Convert the mixed number into an improper fraction. 7 x 2 + 6 = 20 for the first fraction. So, it's 20/7 X 4/3 = 80/21 What is the area of a circle that has a radius of 12 feet? - CORRECT ANSWER 144 pie square feet. (12 squared) Which of the following expressions is the mathematical equivalent of 128 x 129? - CORRECT ANSWER 12 to the 17th (b/c 12 to the 8th and 12 to the 9th = 12 to the 17th) If the outside temperature is currently 22 degrees Celsius? - CORRECT ANSWER 22 = 9/5+32 = 71.6 degrees Farenheit What is the sum of the prime factors of 36? - CORRECT ANSWER 10 (prime factors of 36 are 2, 2, 3 and 3. Add them and get 10) If you get a list of fractions and are asked which list is in order from smallest to greatest. - CORRECT ANSWER Convert each fraction into a decimal. What is the area of a triangle with a base of 16 inches and a height of 5 inches? - CORRECT ANSWER 1/2 X 16 X 5 = 40 square inches (for a triangle - you have to put the 1/2 in front) A rectangle has a length of 37 meters and a width of 17 meters. What is the area? - CORRECT ANSWER 37 x 17 = 629 square meters 17-15 7/12 - CORRECT ANSWER Convert the integer and mixed number into improper fractions. 17 becomes 17/1 and 15 7/12 becomes 187/12. You can bow tie 17/1 and 187/12 to equal 204-187/12 which becomes 17/12, so the answer is 17/12. Which word in this sentence is the adjective? He quickly works his way through the house until he completes every task. - CORRECT ANSWER Every (adjective) Which two words are adjectives? The patient requested to be moved to a room with a larger window so he could see the outside world. - CORRECT ANSWER larger/outside Which words are prepositions? She walked around the hospital grounds looking for her father. - CORRECT ANSWER around/for Which word is the adverb? The plants were drying out. - CORRECT ANSWER were An adverbial clause - CORRECT ANSWER modifies a verb An adjectival clause - CORRECT ANSWER modifies a noun or pronoun The words except and accept are - CORRECT ANSWER homophones Rancor means - CORRECT ANSWER resentment Kinematics - CORRECT ANSWER branch of mechanics dealing with motion, how things move, how fast they move, how long it takes them to move. Formula for Speed - CORRECT ANSWER V = D/T (V stands for Speed = Distance/Time) Average Speed is: - CORRECT ANSWER Scalar Average velocity - CORRECT ANSWER the ratio of the displacement vector over the change in time Acceleration - CORRECT ANSWER the rate of change of an object's velocity Formula for Acceleration: - CORRECT ANSWER Acceleration = Change in Velocity/Change in Time Dynamics - CORRECT ANSWER Study of what causes motion Power - CORRECT ANSWER the rate at which work is done Formula for Power - CORRECT ANSWER P = work/time Transverse waves - CORRECT ANSWER particles perpendicular to direction of waves Longitudinal waves - CORRECT ANSWER particles along direction of the wave motion Sound waves - CORRECT ANSWER move along the direction of motion of a sound move, is a longitudinal wave Electric charge - CORRECT ANSWER can be positive or negative, the SI unit is the Coulomb (C) Electrical Resistance SI unit is - CORRECT ANSWER Ohm, Formula is I = V/R I = Current V = Voltage R = Resistance Ohm's Law states - CORRECT ANSWER the voltage drop across a resistor is proportional to the current it carries Atomic number - CORRECT ANSWER Number of protons Mass Number - CORRECT ANSWER Number of Protons and Neutrons Ionic Bond - CORRECT ANSWER Transfer of electrons Formula for calculating distance? - CORRECT ANSWER Distance = Rate x Time After the volunteers had left for the evening, the head nurse took an inventory of medical supplies. (What noun in the sentence is the subject) - CORRECT ANSWER Head nurse Please understand that the primary reason this hospital has visiting hour restrictions is for the safety of it's patients. (What is the subject?) - CORRECT ANSWER You. This sentence has an implied subject, which is you. It was a thorough examination that led the doctor to recommend Mr. Matthews undergo surgery. (What noun is the subject?) - CORRECT ANSWER examination Which word is an adjective? Doctor Richards goes running every evening after work. - CORRECT ANSWER every Which two words are adjectives? The lobby on the second floor has a broken light that needs to be replaced. - CORRECT ANSWER second/broken Which two words are adverbs? The maintenance crew arrived shortly before 9 a.m. and worked quickly. - CORRECT ANSWER shortly/quickly A clause is a sentence part that contains a noun and a - CORRECT ANSWER verb A dependent clause - CORRECT ANSWER is never a complete sentence Of concern to the staff - CORRECT ANSWER example of a prepositional phrase The word flu is an example of what - CORRECT ANSWER homophone (for flew - pronounced the same but spelled differently) What is the purpose of a comma? - CORRECT ANSWER to indicate where a speaker would pause surreptitiously - CORRECT ANSWER stealthily A person who is venerable is - CORRECT ANSWER well-respected Deride - CORRECT ANSWER Ridicule Supplant (supersede or replace) is the opposite of - CORRECT ANSWER supplement Prosaic - CORRECT ANSWER commonplace severe - CORRECT ANSWER Austere Officious - CORRECT ANSWER asserts authority in domineering manner Sanguine - CORRECT ANSWER optimistic Harganguing - CORRECT ANSWER Lecturing Peripheral Nervous system - CORRECT ANSWER made up of sensory neurons and motor neurons Alveoli are tiny air sacs that allow for gas exchange. They are a part of the: - CORRECT ANSWER Respiratory system Parts of the male reproductive system: - CORRECT ANSWER epididymis, vas deferens, prostate gland An object moves 320 m in 20 s. What is the speed of the object over time? - CORRECT ANSWER S = D/T 320/20 = 16 m/s Answer is 16m/s NEWTON IS CALCULATED: - CORRECT ANSWER f =ma (force =mass x acceleration) Chemical digestion begins in the mouth, where salivary glands produce - CORRECT ANSWER saliva, which lubricates food and begins starch digestion. Salivary amylase (ptyalin) - CORRECT ANSWER an enzyme in saliva that breaks the complex starch polysaccharide into maltose (a disaccharide) As food leaves the mouth, the - CORRECT ANSWER esophagus takes it to the stomach Circulatory system - CORRECT ANSWER through ingestion and digestion, organisms make nutrients available to cells through absorption. These nutrients are transported through the body to be used. The chambers of vertebrate hearts include: - CORRECT ANSWER atria and ventricles Vertebrates have - CORRECT ANSWER closed circulatory systems Atria - CORRECT ANSWER chambers where blood from veins collects and is pumped into ventricles Ventricles - CORRECT ANSWER larger, muscular chambers that pump blood through the body Birds and mammals have four-chambered hearts, - CORRECT ANSWER with two atria and two ventricles Cardiac cycle - CORRECT ANSWER the heartbeat a doctor hears through a stethoscope is the sound of the chambers of the heart contracting in a regular pattern called the cardiac cycle Cardiac muscle - CORRECT ANSWER heart is composed of these specialized muscle tissue, they are connected together in an electrical network that transmits nervous impulses throughout the muscle to stimulate contraction Sinoatrial node - CORRECT ANSWER aka pacemaker region, during each cardiac cycle, heart gives the signal to contract Sympathetic nervous system and epinephrine - CORRECT ANSWER increase heart rate Arteries - CORRECT ANSWER carry blood from the heart to the tissue of the body Arteries are: - CORRECT ANSWER thick-waller, muscular, and elastic, conduct blood at high pressure, and have a pulse Veins - CORRECT ANSWER carry blood back to the heart from the capillaries Veins are: - CORRECT ANSWER thin-walled, conduct at a low pressure, contain many valves to prevent back flow, have no pulse. Capillaries - CORRECT ANSWER permit the exchange of materials between the blood and the body's cells. Capillaries are: - CORRECT ANSWER thin-walled vessels that are very small in diameter; red blood cells must pass through them in single file. Lymph vessels: - CORRECT ANSWER the foundation for the lymphatic system that carries extracellular fluid at a very low pressure, without cells. Lymph nodes: - CORRECT ANSWER responsible for filtering lymph to rid it of foreign particles, maintaining the proper glance of fluids in tissues of the body, and transporting chylomicrons as part of fat metabolism. Plasma is composed of: - CORRECT ANSWER water, salts, proteins, glucose, hormones, lipids Red blood cells are the most - CORRECT ANSWER abundant cells present in blood & their primary function is to transport oxygen Without a nucleus, - CORRECT ANSWER red blood cells cannot make new proteins to repair themselves Hemoglobin - CORRECT ANSWER the oxygen-carrying component of red blood cells is this protein; delivers oxygen in response to changes in tissue Autoimmune disorders - CORRECT ANSWER cause the body's immune system to assault its own tissue as if it were a foreign invader Passive immune defenses are barriers to entry: - CORRECT ANSWER skin, lining of lungs, mouth, stomach. Skin is the most effective barrier to pathogens. Active immunity: - CORRECT ANSWER cellular part of the immune system, white blood cells. Phagocytes (engulf bacteria) and Lymphocytes - B and T cells. B cells (active immunity) - CORRECT ANSWER produce antibodies or immunoglobins, secreted proteins to fight foreign molecules (non-self) T cells (active immunity) - CORRECT ANSWER Helper T cells coordinate immune responses, while killer T cells directly attack and dispose of cells that are infected with pathogens, such as viruses or malignant cells. Lungs - CORRECT ANSWER designed to move air between the exterior atmosphere and an interior space that is in close contact with the capillaries. Medullar oblongata - CORRECT ANSWER breathing rate is controlled by, part of the brain that monitors carbon dioxide content in the blood The air passages involved in respiration include: - CORRECT ANSWER nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles and the alveoli nose - CORRECT ANSWER adds moisture and warmth to inhaled air and helps to filter it, removing particles and organisms before the air passes to the next air passage. Pharynx - CORRECT ANSWER involved in diverting ingested material into the esophagus and away from the lungs to prevent choking Larynx - CORRECT ANSWER contains a membrane that vibrates in a controlled manner with the passage of air to create the voice Trachea - CORRECT ANSWER carries air through the vulnerable throat protected by flexible but strong rings of cartilage. Alveoli - CORRECT ANSWER tiny air sacs that are the site of gas exchange in the lungs Skin - CORRECT ANSWER protects the body from microbial invasion and environmental stresses like dry weather and wind Melanocytes - CORRECT ANSWER epidermal cells that synthesize the pigment melanin, which protects the body from ultraviolet light Sweat glands - CORRECT ANSWER secrete a mixture of water, dissolved salts, and urea via sweat pores Excretion - CORRECT ANSWER removal of metabolic wastes produced in the body kidneys - CORRECT ANSWER principle organs of exception in humans, form urine to remove nitrogenous wastes and regulate the volume and salt content of extracellular fluids. From the kidney, urine passes into a - CORRECT ANSWER ureter tube through the bladder where it is stored until it passes through the urethra. (kidney - ureter tube - bladder - urethra) Nervous system and endocrine system - CORRECT ANSWER two communication systems that coordinate the activities of different tissues and organs Endocrine system - CORRECT ANSWER network of glands and tissues that secrete hormones Hormones - CORRECT ANSWER chemical messengers produced in one tissue and carried by the blood to act on other parts of the body. Endocrine glands - CORRECT ANSWER such as the pancreas or adrenal cortex can be targets of the autonomic nervous system Hormones are secreted by a variety of tissues, including the: - CORRECT ANSWER hyphothalamus, pituitary, thyroid, parathyroids, adrenals, pancreas, testes, ovaries, pineal, kindneys, heart and thymus. Feedback loop - CORRECT ANSWER principle that regulates the production and secretion of hormones in a chain Hyphothalamus - CORRECT ANSWER section of the posterior forebrain, located above the pituitary glad. Connects nervous system with the endocrine system. Pituitary gland - CORRECT ANSWER small gland with two lobes lying at the base of the brain: anterior and posterior Anterior pituitary gland (in brain) secretes many hormones: - CORRECT ANSWER growth hormone, thyroid-stimulating hormone, adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH), Prolactin, Follicle-stimulating hormone, Luteinizing hormone Posterior pituitary gland (in brain) - CORRECT ANSWER direct extension of nervous tissue from hypothalamus. Nerve signals cause hormone release. Secretes two hormones: Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) or vasopressin and oxytocin. thyroxine - CORRECT ANSWER the thyroid hormone, accelerates oxidative metabolism though out the body parathyroid glands - CORRECT ANSWER small pea-like organs that regulate calcium and phosphate balance in blood, bones, and other tissues Pancreas has multifunctions: - CORRECT ANSWER exocrine & endocrine Pancreas functions: - CORRECT ANSWER exocrine secretes hormones into small intestine; endocrine secretes hormones into bloodstream; Insulin stimulates muscles to remove glucose from the blood when glucose levels are high (like after a meal); Islets of Langerhans secrete glucagon that respond to low levels of blood glucose Adrenal glands - CORRECT ANSWER consist of the adrenal cortex and adrenal medulla, on top of the kidneys Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) - CORRECT ANSWER In response to stress, ACTH secretes steroid hormones called cortiocosteriods Cortiocosteriods - CORRECT ANSWER anti-inflammatory medicines Androgens - CORRECT ANSWER male sex hormones (secreted by the adrenal cortex) in both females and males, In males produced in testes. Epinephrine - CORRECT ANSWER increases the conversion of glycogen to glucose in liver and muscle tissue, causing a rise in blood glucose levels and an increase in the basal metabolic rate. Gonads - CORRECT ANSWER endocrine glads, testes produce testosterone in males; ovaries produce estrogen in females Nervous system - CORRECT ANSWER enables organs to receive and respond to stimuli from external and internal environments Neurons - CORRECT ANSWER specialized cells designed to transmit information in the form of electrochemical signals called action potentials. When a neuron reaches a target cell, the axon ends in a synaptic terminal, with a gap called the - CORRECT ANSWER synapse between the neuron and the target cell. In the nervous system, membrane potential in converted to chemical signal, or neurotransmitter, that is released across a small gap between the neuron and target cell. The gap is celled a - CORRECT ANSWER synaptic cleft. Central nervous system (processes and stores information) - CORRECT ANSWER made up of brain enclosed within the cranium and a spinal cord Peripheral Nervous system - CORRECT ANSWER carry signals to effector organs such as muscles and glands to take actions in response to nervous impulses Somatic Motor Nervous System - CORRECT ANSWER skeletal movement, voluntary movement, conscious control Autonomic Nervous System - CORRECT ANSWER regulates involuntary functions of the body, heart and blood vessels, reparation, muscles of eye, etc. Sympathetic Nervous System - CORRECT ANSWER activates body during emergency situations (fight or flight response) Parasympathetic Nervous System - CORRECT ANSWER deactivates or shows down activities of muscles and glands (rest-and-digest response); slowing down of heart rates, pupillary constriction Cerebral cortex (brain) - CORRECT ANSWER voluntary motor activity Offactory lobe (brain) - CORRECT ANSWER center for reception and integration of olfactory input Thalamus (brain) - CORRECT ANSWER nervous impluses and sensory information Hypothalamus (brain) - CORRECT ANSWER hunger, thirst, pain, temperature, regulation Cerebellum (brain) - CORRECT ANSWER muscle activity coordinated Pons (brain) - CORRECT ANSWER relay center for cerebral cortical fibers Medulla oblongata (brain) - CORRECT ANSWER controls vital functions like breathing, heart rate, and detection of carbon dioxide Regular activating system (brain) - CORRECT ANSWER network of neurons that processes signs to alter the activity levels of alertness and attention Spinal cord - CORRECT ANSWER part of the CNS. routs for axons to travel out of brain, center for reflex actions like knee-jerk reflex Cornea - CORRECT ANSWER at the front of the eye, bends and focuses light rays Pupil - CORRECT ANSWER light rays travel through this opening Iris - CORRECT ANSWER the diameter of the pupil is controlled by this pigmented, muscular eye part Lens - CORRECT ANSWER light continues through this in the eye, which is behind the pupil Retina - CORRECT ANSWER contains photoreceptors that transfuse light into action potentials Cone and Rods - CORRECT ANSWER Two types of specialized photoreceptor cells in the eye that respond to light: Cones: - CORRECT ANSWER respond to high-intensity illumination and are sensitive to color Rods: - CORRECT ANSWER detect low-intensity illumination and are important for night vision Optic nerves: - CORRECT ANSWER conduct visual information to the brain Outer ear consists of the: - CORRECT ANSWER auricle (pinna) and the auditory canal Taste buds: - CORRECT ANSWER chemical sensory cells located on the tongue, soft palate, and the epiglottis. Olfactory receptors: - CORRECT ANSWER chemical sensors in the olfactory membrane, in the nostrils Endoskeleton - CORRECT ANSWER framework for attachment of skeletal muscles, permitting moment, when muscle contracts by bringing two bones together. Also provides protection for vital organs The skeleton contains: - CORRECT ANSWER cartilage and bone Cartilage - CORRECT ANSWER firm, flexible, principle component of embryonic skeletons, takes longer to heal than bone Bone - CORRECT ANSWER makes of most of the skeleton in mature higher vertebrates, including humans; made up of calcium, phosphates salts and collagen Bone Marrow - CORRECT ANSWER the site where the formation of blood cells takes place, a hollow cavity within each long bone is filled with this Axial skeleton - CORRECT ANSWER midline basic framework of the body, the skull, vertebral column, and rib cage Appendicular skeleton - CORRECT ANSWER bones of the appendages and pectoral and pelvic girdles Extensor - CORRECT ANSWER extends or straightens the bones at a joint Flexor - CORRECT ANSWER muscle that serves to bend a joint at an acute angle Smooth muscle - CORRECT ANSWER walls of arteries and veins, bladder and utereus, contract in response to action potentials Skeletal muscles - CORRECT ANSWER voluntary muscle, intentional physical movements, contain large multinucleate fiber containing light and dark bands called striations Cardiac Muscle - CORRECT ANSWER tissue that make up the heart, characteristics of both skeletal and smooth muscle; has an internal pace maker responsible for heart beat that is modified by the nervous system Plants reproduce: - CORRECT ANSWER sexually and asexually - diploid and haploid Sporophyte generation - CORRECT ANSWER asexual stage of a plant's life cycle, diploid nuclei divide meiotically to form haploid spores and the spores produce the haploid generation Gametophyte generation - CORRECT ANSWER haploid production of male and female gametes Stamen - CORRECT ANSWER flower's male organ Pistil - CORRECT ANSWER flower's female organ Three part's of the Pistil: - CORRECT ANSWER Stigma, style, ovary Petals - CORRECT ANSWER specialized leaves that surround and protect the pistil male gametophyes (pollen grains) - CORRECT ANSWER develop from the spores made by the sporophyte, pollen grains are transferred from the anther to the stigma female gametophytes - CORRECT ANSWER develop in the ovule from one of four spores Endosperm (flowers) - CORRECT ANSWER other sperm nucleus fuses with two polar bodies Diploid organisms - CORRECT ANSWER have two copies of each chromosomes, so two copies of each gene (except for the X and Y chromosomes in males) genotype - CORRECT ANSWER the type of alleles an organism has or its genetic composition phenotype - CORRECT ANSWER the appearance and physical expression of genes in an organism Types of alleles include dominant and recessive alleles. A dominant allele is expressed: - CORRECT ANSWER in an organism regardless of the second allele in the organism. A recessive allele: - CORRECT ANSWER will not be expressed if the other allele an organism carries is a dominant one. homozygous individual: - CORRECT ANSWER two copies (two alleles) of a gene that are identical heterozygous individual: - CORRECT ANSWER has two different alleles for a gene The phenotype for an individual is determined by: - CORRECT ANSWER the genotype People with the homozygous bb genotype have: - CORRECT ANSWER blue eyes (b is a recessive allele for eye color) B is a dominant allele for: - CORRECT ANSWER brown eye color. Individuals with BB or Bb have brown eyes Law of segregation - CORRECT ANSWER if there are two alleles in an individual that determines a trait, these two alleles will separate during allele formation and act independently The Law of Independent Assortment - CORRECT ANSWER describes the relationship between genes. If the gene that determines plant height is on a different chromosome than the gene for flower color, than these traits will act independently during test crosses Linkage - CORRECT ANSWER phenomenon which alleles fail to assort independently because they are on the same chromosome Pedigree - CORRECT ANSWER family tree depicting inheritance of a particular genetic trait over several generations (recessive disorders, sex-linked disorders) Incomplete dominance - CORRECT ANSWER blending of the effects of contacting alleles, both alleles are expressed partially, neither dominating the other, When a red (RR) and white flower (WW)are crossed, pink (RW) is created Codominance - CORRECT ANSWER both alleles are fully expressed without one being dominant, ex. blood type, A & B combine to produce AB blood Most organisms have two types of chromosomes: - CORRECT ANSWER autosomes (determine body characteristics) and sex chromosomes (determine the sex) Sex chromosomes are: - CORRECT ANSWER X and Y XX - CORRECT ANSWER females XY - CORRECT ANSWER males If the sperm carries an X chromosome, the offspring will be: - CORRECT ANSWER female (XX) If the sperm carries a Y chromosome, the offspring will be: - CORRECT ANSWER male (XY) Genes for certain traits such as color blindness, hemophilia are located on the - CORRECT ANSWER x chromosome (female trait) Mutations - CORRECT ANSWER changes in genes that are inherited, can create new alleles, occur in eggs and sperm, or somatic mutations that cause cancer Covergent evolution - CORRECT ANSWER when structures look the same and share a common function but are not derived from a common ancestor Molecular clock - CORRECT ANSWER rate of change in a gene over time Domains - CORRECT ANSWER all life on earth is classified into three domains - bacteria, archaea and eukarya (protista, fungi, platae, anamalia) Reptiles - CORRECT ANSWER produce hard shelled eggs that do not dry out on land Marsupial mammals - CORRECT ANSWER give birth after a short time and complete development of young in an external pouch Placental mammals - CORRECT ANSWER gestate their youth to a mature state and feed them with material from their placenta Per (there were 18 computers per class size s) - CORRECT ANSWER Division 18/s Ratio of (the ratio of $500 to the price of a new car) - CORRECT ANSWER Division 500/p Quotient of (The quotient of 14 and 7) - CORRECT ANSWER Division (14/7) Product of (the product of two numbers) - CORRECT ANSWER Multiplication (m x n) Of (1/2 of Amelia's salary) - CORRECT ANSWER Multiplication 1/2s Times (5 times the dog's weight) - CORRECT ANSWER Multiplication 5w Decreased by (the car's speed, decreased by 8 mph - CORRECT ANSWER Subtraction s - 8 Less than (9 less than the number of volunteers last month) - CORRECT ANSWER Subtraction v-9 Difference of (The difference of two scores) - CORRECT ANSWER Subtraction m-n More than (800 more than Biloxi's population) - CORRECT ANSWER Addition p+800 Increased by (Ty's original estimate, increased by 4) - CORRECT ANSWER Addition n + 4 Four less than Eva's height in inches - CORRECT ANSWER h-4 height = h Half of some number - CORRECT ANSWER n/2, 1/2n, or n divided by 2 Seven more than twice the weight - CORRECT ANSWER 2w + 7 or 7 + 2w Six less than the product of 2 numbers - CORRECT ANSWER mn-6 (m and n represent the numbers) Nine times the difference of a number and 10 (difference means subtraction) - CORRECT ANSWER 9(a-10) a represents the number Eighty -two percent of last year's enrollment - CORRECT ANSWER 82% of r, or 0.82r (r represents last year's enrollment) Blood enters the lungs from which chamber of the heart? - CORRECT ANSWER right ventricle excessive alcohol consumption damages what organ of the body: - CORRECT ANSWER liver Which of the following is not considered a type of radiation ray: Gamma Beta Alpha Infrared - CORRECT ANSWER Infrared A molecule of hemoglobin can hold how many molecules of oxygen in the blood for transport? - CORRECT ANSWER 4 Which of the following best describes the biomechanics of breathing? - CORRECT ANSWER pump handle motion animals that eat meat exclusively - CORRECT ANSWER carnivores physical expression of a gene - CORRECT ANSWER phenotypes a ball is traveling at a constant velocity of 50 m/s and has been traveling for over 2 minutes. What is the ball's acceleration? - CORRECT ANSWER 0 (key word is constant) Neurons connect together at a - CORRECT ANSWER synapse Another word for kneecap in human body - CORRECT ANSWER patella best describes a shoulder joint - CORRECT ANSWER ball and socket joint organ of corti is found in what area of the body? - CORRECT ANSWER ear Condition of rickets is associated with a deficiency in which vitamin? - CORRECT ANSWER D The x cranial nerve is the - CORRECT ANSWER Vagus nerve Which pH ranges are strong bases? - CORRECT ANSWER 11.2-12.0 (high numbers - base is loud) Which chamber of the heart pumps blood to the systemic circulation? - CORRECT ANSWER left Formula for Newton's second law of motion - CORRECT ANSWER F=ma The enzyme maltase does the following: - CORRECT ANSWER Breaks down maltose to glucose High levels of billirubin in the blood stream can result in: - CORRECT ANSWER Jaundice The symbol B on the periodic table stands for: - CORRECT ANSWER Boron The symbol Mn on the periodic table: - CORRECT ANSWER Manganese The symbol Ca on the periodic table - CORRECT ANSWER Calcium The symbol Br on the periodic table: - CORRECT ANSWER Bromine Vinegar is also known as: - CORRECT ANSWER Acetic acid A Lewis acid is: - CORRECT ANSWER an Electron pair acceptor Exothermic reactions - CORRECT ANSWER produce heat Boyle's law - CORRECT ANSWER the pressure (P) is inversely proportional to the volume (V) of a gas. The combination of sodium and chlorine to form NaCl is considered: - CORRECT ANSWER an Ionic Bond Outer shell electrons are known as: - CORRECT ANSWER Valence electrons Forces can be indicated on graph paper by the use of: - CORRECT ANSWER Vectors P1V1 =P2V2 represents - CORRECT ANSWER Boyle's Law Which of the following is not considered a primary color of light: Green Blue Red Yellow - CORRECT ANSWER yellow The unit of charge is called the - CORRECT ANSWER Coulomb Ammeter - CORRECT ANSWER designed to measure current Fibula and Tibia - CORRECT ANSWER two bones found Metaphase - CORRECT ANSWER phase when two chromosomes line up in mitosis lysosomes - CORRECT ANSWER cellular organelle that contains enzymes considered digestive organelles repair themselves through a process of: - CORRECT ANSWER mitosis Which of the following is considered a model for enzyme action? - CORRECT ANSWER lock and key model Which of the following statements about enzymes is not true? Enzymes are catalysts Almost all enzymes are proteins Enzymes operate most efficiently at optimum pH. Enzymes are destroyed during chemical reactions - CORRECT ANSWER Enzymes are destroyed during chemical reactions Which of the following statements about prostaglandins is NOT true? Prostaglandins promote inflammation Prostaglandins can only constrict blood vessels. Prostaglandins are made in the renal medulla Prostaglandins can lead to pain and fever - CORRECT ANSWER Prostaglandins can only constrict blood vessels (FALSE) Hardening of the arteries is known as - CORRECT ANSWER Atherioscierosis Systolic pressure - CORRECT ANSWER top number on a blood pressure reading Litmus paper that is blue will stay/turn what color in the presence of a strong base? - CORRECT ANSWER Blue Transport - CORRECT ANSWER not a function of kidneys Nephron - CORRECT ANSWER functional unit of the kidneys known as PV=knT or PV=RnT - CORRECT ANSWER ideal gas law formula Which of the following is not considered a characteristic or property of gas: Volume Mass Pressure Particles - CORRECT ANSWER particles Archimedes' principle - CORRECT ANSWER An object immersed in a fluid is buoyed up by a force equal to the weight of the fluid dispersed by the object Albert Michelson - CORRECT ANSWER first American to win a Nobel Prize for measuring the speed of light Overtones - CORRECT ANSWER high frequency sound waves Esophagus - CORRECT ANSWER connects stomach to the mouth Verb - CORRECT ANSWER From the Latin word verbum meaning word, is a word that in syntax conveys an action (bring, read, walk, run, learn), an occurrence (happen, become), or a state of being (be, exist, stand) * Verbs have tenses; past, present or future Noun - CORRECT ANSWER Is a part of speech typically denoting a person, place or thing Adjective - CORRECT ANSWER Is a describing word; the main syntactic role of which is to qualify a noun or noun phrase, giving more information about the object signified Spelling Strategies - Rule #1 - CORRECT ANSWER i before e, except after c, AND except when it sounds like a (as in neighbor, feign and weigh) Spelling Strategies - Rule #2 - CORRECT ANSWER When a word of more than one syllable ends in a single vowel and a single consonant, the word emphasis is on the final syllable; to add a suffix that begins with a vowel, the consonant preceding should be doubled (occur -> occurring; prefer -> preferring) Spelling Strategies - Rule #3 - CORRECT ANSWER If the final syllable has no accent, do not double the consonant (benefit + -ing -> benefiting) Spelling Strategies - Rule #4 - CORRECT ANSWER If a word ends in a silent e, drop the e before adding a suffix that begins with a vowel (hope -> hoping; like -> liking) Spelling Strategies - Rule #5 - CORRECT ANSWER do not drop the e when the suffix begins with a consonant (use -> useless) Spelling Strategies - Rule #6 - CORRECT ANSWER When y is the last letter and the y is preceded by a consonant, change the y to i before adding a suffix (that doesn't start with i --> pretty -> prettier; hurry -> hurried; deny -> denied) Math -> Order of Operations - CORRECT ANSWER PEMDAS --> Parenthesis; Exponents; Multiplication & Division (left to right); Addition & Subtraction (left to right) Supplementary - CORRECT ANSWER when the measures of two angles adds up to 180 degrees Complementary - CORRECT ANSWER when the measures of two angles adds up to 90 degrees Electron Transport Chain - CORRECT ANSWER Occurs in the inner membrane of the mitochondria (in Prokaryotes it occurs in the plasma membrane because they do no have mitochondria) Is the transfer of Hydrogen ions (protons) between an electron donor and electron acceptor (Photosynthesis and redox reactions). The energy that is released is used in a metabolic pathway (oxidative phosphorylation) to produce ATP. Glycolysis - CORRECT ANSWER Occurs in the cytoplasm. Is a metabolic pathway that converts glucose into pyruvate (1:2). Krebs Cycle (also known as Citric Acid Cycle) - CORRECT ANSWER Occurs in the matrix of the mitochondria. Is a series of chemical reactions used by all aerobic organisms to generate energy. Mitochondria - CORRECT ANSWER Eukaryotes only. Are called the "cellular power plants" and supply most of a cells ATP Endoplasmic Reticulum - CORRECT ANSWER Eukaryotes only. Rough ER: Synthesis of proteins Smooth ER: Synthesis of lipids, metabolizing carbohydrates, regulates calcium and filters (detoxifies) Lysosomes - CORRECT ANSWER Contains acid hydrolase; breaks down waste and debris Kinetic Theory - CORRECT ANSWER Describes a gas as a large number of small particles (atoms or molecules), all of which are in constant, random motion. --> Small particles; all have the same mass; total number is too large to count and stats can be used; move at constant, random motion; collide with themselves (Brownian motion); interactions are negligible; kinetic energy depends on temp Negligible - CORRECT ANSWER refers to quantities so small that they can be ignored when studying the larger effect Atomic Mass - CORRECT ANSWER The atomic mass is the mass of a specific isotope. It is the total mass of protons, neutrons and electrons in a single atom. Radioactive Decay - CORRECT ANSWER Is the process by which an atomic nucleus of an unstable atom loses energy by emitting ionizing particles (ionizing radiation) Mass Number - CORRECT ANSWER Protons (number of protons is the atomic number) + Neutrons --> Neucleons are protons and neutrons Mass of Subatomic Particles - CORRECT ANSWER Proton has the most mass, Electrons have the least mass, Neutrons weigh about the same as protons Isotopes - CORRECT ANSWER variants of a particular chemical element. All isotopes of a given element share the same number of protons BUT each differs in the number of neutrons Positron - CORRECT ANSWER Also called Antielectron. Is the counterpart of electrons (+1e) and has the same mass number as an electron Atomic Theory - CORRECT ANSWER the theory about the nature of matter, which states that matter is composed of discrete units called atoms 4/2 HE - CORRECT ANSWER Helium --> with a mass number of 4 (mass number is the number of neutrons and protons), and has 2 protons (in a neutral atom this is also the same as the number of electrons) Ionization Energy - CORRECT ANSWER The energy required to remove electrons from gaseous atoms or ions 1 degree Celsius is how many degrees Kelvin? - CORRECT ANSWER 1 degree Celsius is 274 degrees Kelvin 1 degree Celsius is how many degrees Fahrenheit ? - CORRECT ANSWER 1 degree Celsius is 33.8 degrees Fahrenheit 10 degrees Celsius is how many degrees Fahrenheit? - CORRECT ANSWER 10 degrees Celsius is 50 degrees Fahrenheit --> Fahrenheit is Celsius degrees times 1.8 plus 33.8 <-- Chemical Compound - CORRECT ANSWER Is a pure chemical substance consisting of two or more different chemical elements that can be separated into simpler substances by chemical reactions Decomposition Reaction - CORRECT ANSWER (also called analysis or breakdown) is the separation of a chemical compound into elements or simpler compounds Single-Displacement Reaction - CORRECT ANSWER Is a type of oxidation-reduction chemical reaction when an element or ion moves out of one compound and into another Synthesis Reaction - CORRECT ANSWER purposeful execution of chmical reactions to get a product, or several products Combustion Reaction - CORRECT ANSWER is the sequence of exothermic chemical reactions between a fuel and an oxidant accompanied by the production of heat and conversion of chemical species Velocity - CORRECT ANSWER Is a vector, so it has direction. Speed - CORRECT ANSWER is the magnitude of velocity (doesn't have direction) Voltage - CORRECT ANSWER electrical potential difference (is the electrical difference between two points) Capacitance - CORRECT ANSWER is the ability of a body to store an electrical charge Force - CORRECT ANSWER F = ma, a force is any influence that causes an object to undergo a certain change, either concerning its movement, direction, or geometrical construction A larger mass requires more force to achieve the same acceleration rate. Heat - CORRECT ANSWER energy transferred from one body to another by thermal interactions (conduction, radiation, convection) Work - CORRECT ANSWER A force is said to do work when it acts on a body so that there is a displacement of the point of application, however small, in the direction of the force First Law of Motion - CORRECT ANSWER An object at rest will remain at rest unless acted on by an unbalanced force. An object in motion continues in motion with the same speed and in the same direction unless acted upon by an unbalanced force. This law is often called "the law of inertia". Second Law of Motion - CORRECT ANSWER Acceleration is produced when a force acts on a mass. The greater the mass (of the object being accelerated) the greater the amount of force needed (to accelerate the object). Third Law of Motion - CORRECT ANSWER For every action there is an equal and opposite re-action. Vector - CORRECT ANSWER a quantity that has magnitude and direction. Examples include: displacement, velocity, acceleration, and force. Each of these quantities are unique in that a full description of the quantity demands that both a magnitude and a direction are listed. Scalar - CORRECT ANSWER Scalars are quantities that are fully described by a magnitude (or numerical value) alone. Ohm's Law - CORRECT ANSWER States that the electrical current (I) flowing in a circuit is proportional to the voltage (V) and inversely proportional to the resistance (R) * Therefore, if the voltage is increased, the current will increase, provided that the resistance doesn't change. *Similarly, increasing the resistance of the circuit will lower the current flow (if the voltage isn't changed) Polysomes - CORRECT ANSWER Ribosomes function in clusters called polysomes Stomata - CORRECT ANSWER The small openings on the undersides of most leaves through which oxygen and carbon dioxide can move. --> closes at night to prevent the loss of H20 Orator - CORRECT ANSWER one distinguished for skill and power as a public speaker Obstreperous - CORRECT ANSWER 1. marked by unruly or aggressive noisiness 2. stubbornly resistant to control Intransigent - CORRECT ANSWER characterized by refusal to compromise or to abandon an extreme position or attitude Partisanship - CORRECT ANSWER partiality; an inclination to favor one group or view or opinion over alternatives Castigate - CORRECT ANSWER reprimand (someone) severely Maven - CORRECT ANSWER an expert or connoisseur Neophyte - CORRECT ANSWER A person who is new to a subject, skill or belief Supplicant - CORRECT ANSWER Prayer; someone who prays to God (humility) Exculpate - CORRECT ANSWER show or declare that someone is not guilty of a wrongdoing (exonerate, acquit, excuse, vindicate) [Show More]

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