FNP MSN 560 Cardiovascular (Latest 2023 - 2024) New Full Exam Questions and Answers ( Included ) 100% Correct

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1. Which of the following beta-blockers is cardio selective? A. Nadolol B. Propanol C. Atenolol D. Penbutolol Answer: C. Atenolol Explanation: Of the beta blockers listed, atenolol is the most c... ardioseleсtive. Cardioselective refersto the ability to affect predominately beta 1 receptorsratherthan beta 2 receptors. Beta 1 receptors are located mainly in the heart and mediate the sympathetic nervous system's direct effects on the heart. Beta 2 receptors are located predominately in the peripheral vascular system and other organs likethe lungs. Although all beta-blockers affect beta receptors, some affect subsets of receptors differently. This has a significan consequences in terms of side effects, as beta-blockers are know to cause extra-cardiac symptoms such as worsened bronchospasms in in asthmatics. Nadolol, propanol, and penbutolol are non-selective beta-blocker 2. For the initial pharmacological treatment of essential hypertension, whichof the following statements is true? A. Diuretics should be the first consideration because of their effectiveness,cost, and low side-effect profile. B. ACE inhibitors speed the progression of moderately increased albumin-uria independent of blood pressure control in diabetic patients. C. Alpha-blockers are of particular benefit for the treatment of hypertensionin patients with ischemic cardiompathy. D. Angiotensin receptor blockers should not be used in place of ACE in- hibitors in patients who develop a cough after initiating an ACE inhibitor. Answer: A.Diuretics should be the first considered because of their effectiveness, cost, and low side-effect profile. Explanation: There is no evidence that alpha-blockers are of particular benefit for the treatment of hypertension in patients with ischemic cardiompathy. TheJNC 8 guidelines state that in the general non-black population, including thosewith diabetes, initial antihypertensive treatment should include a thiazide-type diuretic, calcium channel blocker (CCB), angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI) or angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB). In the general black population, including those with diabetes, initial antihypertensive treatment should include a thiazide type diuretic or CCB. Initial treatment with a thiazide-type diuretic was more effective than CCB or an ACEI [Show More]

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