NURS 3080 - Fundamentals of Nursing Exam 1 - Questions and Answers

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NURS 3080 - Fundamentals of Nursing Exam 1 - Questions and Answers What is the purpose of providing hygiene care to patients? - Promotes comfort and relaxation - Fosters a positive self-image - Prom... otes healthy skin - Prevents infection and disease - Opportunity for assessment What actions or procedures do we include in our hygiene care? - Bath/Shower - Brushing teeth/dentures - Washing/combing hair - Nail care - Changing the bed List some factors that can influence someone's hygiene practices. (7) - Social practices - Personal preferences - Body image - Socioeconomic status - Health beliefs and motivation - Cultural variables - Physical condition When getting ready to perform hygiene practices on our patient, what should we consider about them? Development, so are they an infant? Toddler? Adolescent? Adult? Older adult? All different ages require different hygiene practices and methods. While providing hygiene care for our patient we want to assess them. What all should we assess? - Skin - Hands & feet along with their nails - Oral cavity - Eyes, ears, and nose So we are preparing to give our patient a bath, what should we insure that we implement and consider? Use a gentle approach, consider stress that a bath may cause. Converse with the patient throughout the procedure and administer pain or nausea medication as needed. If the patient has a goal of going home, help teach them hygiene techniques relevant to their situation. Ensure the patient understands how to prevent injury and prevent infection at home. List the different type of bathing methods most hospital or long-term care facilities offer. - Complete bed bath - Partial bed bath - Tub bath or shower - Bag bath - Sitz bath (perineal) - Tepid bath (cooler) What are the typical guidelines for bathing? - Assess patient preferences - Gather supplies - Provide privacy - Maintain safety - Maintain warmth - Promote independence - Anticipate needs - Work from head to toe (saving perineal area for last) T/F... When giving a bath to a patient, we want to move from the dirtiest part of the body to the cleanest False, move from cleanest to less clean! T/F... Test the water temperature to avoid burns when giving a bath True T/F... You should assess your patient before and after your bath to detect any unexpected outcomes True T/F... Since your patient is the only patient in their room you don't have to pull the curtain for privacy False, always provide all available options for privacy and inform the patient when touching sensitive areas You are providing your patient with hair and scalp care, what all does this entail? Brush and combing the hair, shampooing and conditioning the hair, shaving, and mustache and beard care When you have a patient with dentures, what should you assess for when they're removed? Any reddened areas throughout the mouth What is the proper sequence for taking vitals? - Temperature - Pulse - Respiration - Blood pressure - Pain assessment What is the average oral temperature reading for an adult? 96°F - 99.9°F (36.5°C - 37C°) What is the average axillary temperature reading for an adult? 1°F (0.5°C) lower than oral temperature... so 95°F - 98.9°F (36.0°C - 36.5C°) What is the average rectal temperature reading for an adult? 1°F (0.5°C) higher than oral temperature... so 97°F - 100.9°F (37°C - 37.5C°) What is the average tympanic temperature reading for an adult? 1.4°F (0.8°C) higher than oral temperature... so 97.4°F - 101.3°F (37.3°C - 37.8C°) What may cause a patient's temperature to rise or be above the normal recommended range? Fever, medication, environmental factors such as a hot day or working in a hot factory What may cause a patient's temperature to be low or be below the normal recommended range? Hypothermia, medication, really cold day or swimming in a cold pool What are some disadvantages of taking oral temperature? Affected by ingestion of fluids, food, smoke, and oxygen. Should not be used with oral surgery, patient who has the chills, or with a confused patient. What are some advantages of taking oral temperature? Accessible and comfortable, provides an accurate surface temperature, and reflects rapid changes in core temperature What are some disadvantages of taking axillary temperature? Reading can be impaired by diaphoresis (excessive sweating), requires continuous positioning, and can be affected by environmental temperature What are some advantages of taking axillary temperature? Safe, noninvasive, and can be used with newborns and uncooperative clients What are some disadvantages of taking rectal temperature? Not used for newborns, not used for patients who have had rectal surgery or have decreased platelets and causes a risk of body fluid exposure Why can we not take someone’s temperature rectally if they have a decreased platelet count? They're more at risk for bleeding What are some advantages of taking rectal temperature? Argued to be more reliable when oral temperature cannot be obtained What is the average pulse in beats per minute for an adult? 60-100 bpm What term do we use for an individual whose pulse is above 100 bpm? Tachycardia What term do we use for an individual whose pulse is below 60 bpm? Bradycardia What may cause an individual’s heart rate to fall above 100 bpm? Anxiety, medication, medical condition, caffeine, exercise What may cause an individual’s heart rate to fall below 60 bpm? Age, medication, sleeping or just waking up, exercising often List some sites we can take pulse. - Radial-wrist - Brachial-antecubital - Apical-heart - Carotid-neck [Show More]

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