Lecture 16 - Cell hierarchy and homoeostasis

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CELL HIERARCHY AND HOMEOSTASIS CHAPTER 42 ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY • Animals are often studied through anatomy and physiology. • Anatomy is the study of an organism’s physical... structure. • Physiology is the study of how the physical structures in an organism function. • There is great diversity among anatomical and physiological traits observed in animals. STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION AT THE MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR LEVELS • Correlations between structure and function begin at the molecular level. • Example: protein structure affects function • There is a similar relationship between structure and function at the cellular level. • Example: cells that secrete digestive enzymes contain a lot of Rough ER and Golgi • Likewise, cell shape and function correlate. • Example: absorptive cells have a large surface area BIOLOGICAL HIERARCHY Anatomy and physiology can be studied at many different levels. The levels of organization within an organism are not independent of each other – they are tightly integrated. TISSUES Tissues are a group of similar cells that function as a unit. There are four major categories of human adult tissues .................................................................CONTINUED....................................................................... [Show More]

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