Unit 4 Quiz Questions & answers. 100% Accurate. Graded A+

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How are the nutrients contained within dead organisms made available to primary producers? A) decomposition B) grazing C) herbivory D) predation E) respiration - Ans-A Which of the followin... g terms is used to indicate an organism that eats organisms that create organic molecules using energy captured from the sun? A) keystone species B) primary consumer C) dominant species D) primary producer E) decomposer - Ans-B Because energy transfer is not 100% efficient across trophic levels, an average of about ____________% of energy and biomass available at one trophic level is available at the next. - Ans-10 Dr. Ben Dantzer, a faculty member here at Michigan, studies red squirrels that live in the boreal forest. The boreal forest contains coniferous trees, which produce seeds but not flowers. In his study sites, white spruce is by far the most common tree species, and is eaten by the red squirrels. Which of the following can be used to describe the red squirrels? (Check all that apply) A) heterotroph B) primary consumer C) gymnosperm D) angiosperm E) eukaryote F) herbivore G) dominant species H) primary producer - Ans-A, B, E, F Which of the following groups of organisms can be considered consumers? (Choose all that apply) A) herbivores B) heterotrophs C) autotrophs D) primary producers E) predators - Ans-A, B, E Ostfeld et al. state that the "...focus of community ecology has been on pairwise interactions between species..." Which of the following is NOT a TYPE of pairwise interaction or an EXAMPLE or a pairwise interaction? Note that the organisms in this question refer to the interactions in the "Of Mice and Mast" article that you read for pre-discussion. A) Parasitism B) The interaction between oak trees and white-footed mice C) Predation D) The interaction between oak trees and the Lyme disease bacteria (Borrelia burgdorferi) E) The interaction between ticks and humans F) The interaction between ticks and deer G) The interaction between oak trees and deer H) The interaction between white-footed mice and the I) Lyme disease bacteria (Borrelia burgorferi) J) The interaction between ticks and white-footed mice - Ans-D Which is true of Lyme disease? Pick the one, best answer. A) Lyme disease causes substantially high death rates in black legged tick populations B) Lyme disease is a disease of conservation concern, because ticks transfer it among the mice and deer populations in deciduous forests C) Lyme disease is caused by a virus that infects bats D) Lyme disease is caused by a type of bacterium that normally lives in deciduous forest communities, but sometimes moves into human populations E) Lyme disease is caused by a eukaryotic parasite that ticks transfer from animal hosts to human hosts - Ans-D What is true of an indirect effect in community ecology? The organisms in this question are those in the "Of Mice and Mast" article that you read for pre-discussion. In "Of Mice and Mast," the authors refer to "indirect interactions;" these lead to indirect effects. A) All of these choices are true of an indirect effect in community ecology. B) The increase in Lyme disease risk to humans following an oak mast is an example of an indirect effect. C) The positive correlation between tick prevalence and oak tree mast is an example of an indirect effect. D) An indirect effect is when a species (A) affects another species (B), and that species (B) affects another species (C), such that species A affects species C through the B-C relationship. E) The increase in tick prevalence with oak tree mast is an example of an indirect effect. - Ans-A The name of the proteins that tag infectious particles for disposal by the immune system is: A) germ cells B) stem cells C) antibodies D) antigens - Ans-C True or false: all currently emerging infectious diseases are caused by viruses. - Ans-False Which one of the following characteristics is true of ALL viruses? (Select all that apply.) A) They contain a DNA genome. B) They must infect a host cell to reproduce. C) They are surrounded by a lipid envelope. D) They have a protein coat called a capsid. - Ans-B, D Which of the following statements about viruses is FALSE? A) Most are obligate parasites (i.e. require a host to replicate/reproduce). B) They are very common. C) They are very small in size. D) They recognize host cells by their unique glycoproteins. E) They represent a fourth domain of life. - Ans-E A small infectious agent that contains a nucleic acid genome packaged inside a protein coat is called a: A) bacteria B) virus C) tRNA D) archaea - Ans-B Tadpoles (larval stage of frogs) develop from fertilized eggs laid by female frogs in shallow ponds. Southern Toad (ST) and Eastern Spadefoot (ES) tadpoles are large, whereas Spring Peeper (SP) tadpoles are small. All 3 of these species use the same food resources (algae & phytoplankton). Newts are predators that feed on frogs and tadpoles. In ponds where newts are absent, the Eastern Spadefoot (ES) tadpoles and frogs tend to dominate the pond, and there is low species diversity. In ponds with newts, there is a more even distribution of the 3 species of frogs, along with a wide variety of arthropods, small fishes, and even some snakes and small birds which come to feed. In this system, the newts are acting as what? - Ans-A keystone species In the early 2000s, there were thick kelp forests in the Pacific Ocean. Kelp is a photosynthetic brown algae that can grow very tall and thick, and is used as food by herbivores such as sea urchins and as a habitat by many species. In 2013-2015, a toxic algal bloom, unusually warm waters, and the outbreak of a new disease killed many starfish and created unfavorable conditions for kelp. As a result, kelp forests are 93% smaller now than they were in 2006. Sea urchins eat kelp, and sea otters eat sea urchins. Sea otters are preyed upon by killer whales (orcas). If killer whales move away from this coastal area because of the reduced kelp forests, what do you expect will occur soon after the whales leave? A) Sea otter populations will decrease, causing an increase in urchin populations, which will result in additional destruction of the remaining kelp forests. B) Sea otters will have an indirect positive effect on sea urchins, which will further decrease kelp forests. C) Sea otter populations will increase, causing a decrease in urchin populations, which may allow kelp forests to recover. - Ans-C Which of the following provides strong evidence for the endosymbiotic hypothesis? A) Chloroplast genes are more similar (& closely related) to nuclear genes of the host than to mitochondrial genes B) Chloroplast genes are more similar (& closely related) to mitochondrial genes than to bacterial genes C) Nuclear genes are more similar (& closely related) to cyanobacterial genes than to genes from Archaea D) Mitochondrial genes are more similar (& closely related) to bacterial genes than to nuclear genes of the host [Show More]

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