Quick Facts For Nclex 2019-2022 WITH WELL COMPLETED QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

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What is the ABO antigen system? It is the different classes of human blood. What part of the blood is classified? The red blood cells are distinguished What other blood is compatible with ... type A? Type A or O What other blood is compatible with Type B? Type B or O What other blood is compatible with Type O? Type O Only What other blood is compatible with Type AB? Type A, B, or O What is another name for acetylsalicylic acid? Aspirin What is the indication to give acetylsalicylic acid? Mild to moderate pain Does aspirin increase or decrease the effects of methotrexate? Increase What is methotrexate used for? Chemotherapy agent & rheumatoid arthritis What is the primary symptom if Acid Reflux (GERD)? Heartburn (pyrosis) What test confirms GERD? Barium swallow fluoroscopy 00:03 01:01 Upgrade to remove ads Only $35.99/year What malfunction allows reflux in GERD? Lower esophageal sphincter What is the client teaching Of GERD? Low-fat, high-protein diet, take antacids, avoid Lying flat after meals What virus that causes AIDS? Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) How is HIV transmitted? Sexual intercourse Direct contact with infected blood/body fluids (body fluids semen, breast milk) What are symptoms of HIV? Fever, weight loss, night sweats, diarrhea, fatigue How is the presence of HIV confirmed? Screening is done FIRST to see if HIV antibodies are present. The test is performed to specifically identify the HIV antibodies. What is the screening test for HIV? ELISA What confirm the screening test for HIV? HIV differentiation assay Western blot no longer used How does HIV attack the body? It attacks the immune system by destroying T-lymphocytes. The virus also rapidly self-replicates. What is so important about T-lymphocytes? T cells help immune system recognize and fight pathogens. What is another name for T-lymphocytes? CD4 cells Why is CD4 count important? The lower the CD4 count the more damage the virus has done to the body. What is a normal CD4 count? 500-1500 What is the normal CD4 count in a client with HIV? Anything at or above 500. Client is considered in good health. If below 200 HIV has progressed to AIDS. If a client's CD4 count is below 200, client is at risk for what? opportunistic infections List some opportunistic infections? •Oral pharyngeal candida infection (Mouth fungus) •Kaposi's sarcoma (skin cancer) •Pneumocystis pneumonia •Cytomegalovirus (blindness) •Meningitis What is the goal of HIV medications? to interfere with the virus replicating The most important HIV medication to Know is... Zidovudine what isolation precautions are used with HIV Universal precautions, patients do not have to tell they have HIV, treat everyone the same How do the precautions change with AIDS? If the client has a low CD4 count and is at risk for opportunistic infection implement private room, reverse isolation, RN wears gown, goggles, and mask when in direct contact with blood or body fluids. What are teaching points for parents who have a child with HIV Clean up bodyfluid/ blood with 10.01 water to bleach ratio. Get all immunizations except live one (MMR varicella and oral poliovirus) High calorie, High protein diet wear changing diaper (ARF): During the oliguric phase,what will you see? This phase lasts 1 to 2 weeks. Low urine output <400 hyperkalemia, HTN, elevated BUN/creatinine fluid overload What is the definition of acute renal failure (ARF)? Sudden loss of kidney function to excrete toxins and regulate fluids and electrolytes What are some possible causes of acute renal failure? Infection Obstruction Shock (ARF):What two electrolytes will be elevated Sodium Phosphate (ARF) there are three phases; what are they? Oliguric Diuretic Recovery (ARF)the diuretic phase is second;what will you see? Urine output slowly returns, hypokalemia, hypotension (ARF)What does the recovery phase mean? The kidneys are recovering through a slow process. Urine output increases and BUN is normal (ARF)What are nursing interventions? Daily weights, strict I & O's, treat the causes of renal failure and diuretics (ARF) Diet? High carbs low protein Adams-Stokes Where is the complication located? This is a heart problem. Adams-Stokes Syndrome; What will the client experience? Sudden attacks of syncope & Fainting. Seizures may also be present. What will the nurse on the EKG? Asystole or ventricular arrhythmias. Is there adequate tissue perfusion during the attacks? No there will be no tissue perfusion. What is the treatment? The client will need an internal pacemaker via surgery. Adams-Stokes Syndrome; What oral medications can be given after surgery? Digoxin Addison's Disease;What is the cause? A low production of hormones by Adrenal gland. (glucocorticoids & mineralocorticoids.) Addison's Disease; What are some of the major symptoms? Lethargy, weakness, weight loss What color is the skin of a client with Addison's disease? Bronzed color (hyperpigmentation) Addison's Disease Will this client be overweight? No weight loss is common XAddison's Disease Will the serum blood glucose levels be high or low? Low, so will the sodium levels. XAddison's Disease Will the serum potassium levels be high or low? High XAddison's Disease What is the treatment? Lifelong glucocorticoid therapy. Clients allergic to latex may also be allergic to which foods? Bananas, kiwi, chestnuts What standard hospital equipment contains latex? Blood pressure cuffs, gloves, stethoscopes, tourniquets, BAND-AIDS, and indwelling catheters What allergy is contraindicated for IV contrast dye? lodine/shellfish allergy What are the major complications of having an amputation performed? Infections, skin breakdown, phantom limb pain, joint contractures. What is the positioning for post-op care? -AKA (above the knee) amputation Elevate first 24 hours, then prone position twice daily to prevent hip flexion. -BKA (below the knee) amputation Elevate foot of bed first 24 hours then prone position twice daily to prevent hip flexion. (Amputation)What should you encourage? Expressing feelings about lost limb What is phantom limb pain? Pain felt in an area that has been amputated Aplastic Anemia signs Decreased erythrocytes Bleeding mucous membranes Thrombocytopenia Aplastic Anemia treatment Blood transfusions Bone marrow transplantations Iron Deficiency Anemia signs Thrombocytopenia Low hgb hct Pallor fatigue tissue hypoxia Tachycardia *most common during pregnancy Iron Deficiency Anemia treatment Iron supplements Dietary changes Vitamin B 12/Pernicious Anemia signs Pallor, beefy red tongue fatigue paresthesia Vitamin B 12/Pernicious Anemia treatment Cyanocobalamin (vitamin B12) Injections Dietary changes True or false? An aneurysm is a dilation formed at a weak point on the wall of an artery. True What are the symptoms of aneurysms inside the body? Most aneurysms inside the body have no symptoms. What sound would be heard on auscultation Of an aneurysm? A blowing bruit What are some of the risk factors of an aneurysm? Arteriosclerosis infection (syphilis) smoking HTN What is the treatment for an aneurysm? Surgery- depends on size Strict blood pressure control with medications What are the signs of a ruptured aneurysm? Severe pain N/V tachycardia decreased LOC hypotension List important NCLEX teaching points on aneurysm Avoid straining, lifting, or exerting take medications on schedule report severe back/ flank pain Anorexia primary symptom of illness is? -Starvation What is the perception of the anorexic body? Distorted(out of shape) At what age does anorexia occur? Adolescent What is the usual personality type of a Person With anorexia? Perfectionist, overachievers, low esteem What is a major cardiac complication of anorexia? -Arrhythmias What is a major gynecological complication of anorexia? Amenorrhea What treatment is involved in anorexia recovery? Small, frequent meals with counseling and milieu therapy(Pychotherapy) Appendicitis Is commonly seen in what age range? -10-30 years old What is the classic sign of appendicitis? Acute right lower abdominal pain What are some signs/symptoms Of appendicitis? Loss of appetite nausea vomiting low-grade temperature Localized tenderness is found where in appendicitis? - McBurney's point What are the tests to determine appendicitis? Complete history and physical exam with WBC count (it will be elevated) Immediate What is the treatment for appendicitis? Immediate surgery to remove appendix,IV antibiotics, Semi- Fowler's position; NPO to rest stomach What is the general treatment for any acute abdominal pain? NPO status no heat on abdomen assess abdominal distention fluid IV therapy Where are most ABG samples drawn from? Radial artery in the wrist How long should pressure be applied to the site after collecting a sample? 5 minutes Which test should be performed before collecting an ABG on a client? Allen's Test Asperger's Syndrome (think about Honey) This syndrome form of Autism but higher Function Asperger's Syndrome (think treatment focuses on improving? Communication/client social skills XAsthma; obstructive airway disease caused by _____and _____of the bronchioles? Spasms inflammation What are the signs of asthma? SOB tachycardia expiratory wheezes and possibly a cough Asthma; When will the client experience the cough? -At night What is the primary treatment goal Of asthma? To identify allergen Which medications work best for treatment? C.L.A.M Anti-inflammatory, Corticosteroids bronchodilators leukotriene modifiers Metered dose inhalers Which should you give first-the steroid or bronchodilator-when treating asthma? Bronchodilator What are leukotriene modifiers? chemical They are drugs used to block the leukotriene, which reduces inflammation. Autonomic dysreflexia occurs in clients with what kind of injury? Spinal cord injury (T-6 or above) What can cause autonomic dysreflexia? Stimuli such as a full bladder or fecal impaction Why is autonomic dysreflexia so serious? Life threatening due to clients becoming extremely HYPERTENSIVE What is the most common cause of Autonomic Dysreflexia? Urinary obstruction What are the signs of autonomic dysreflexia? Increase in BP 40mm Hg headache bradycardia blurred vision sweating What should be done during an Autonomic Dysreflexia episode? Place client in high Fowler's (1st) Check for bladder distention Loosen restrictive clothing What is the treatment For autonomic dysreflexia? Removal of the stimuli Client needs to void have bowel movement Bell's palsy affects which cranial nerve? Cranial nerve #7 What does the client with Bell's palsy Suffer from? Temporary facial paralysis that affects chewing, eating, and closing the eyes What is the treatment for Bell's palsy? Wear an eye patch at night Use artificial tears Wear glasses to protect the eye Steroids to reduce edema/swelling Benign BPH is caused by The cause is unknown, but it's an enlargement of the prostate gland (BPH) Because the prostate blocks the urethra opening, what will clients feel and see when they urinate? the prostate Straining to urinate, decreased urine stream, feeling like they have to go all the time, dribbling urine flow Who usually gets BPH? Men usually > 50 What is the best way to assess for BPH? Rectal exam, physician will feel pea-sized nodule What is the common surgical treatment for BPH? -Transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) How is a TURP performed? A scope goes through the penis and removes parts of the prostate [Show More]

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