NR 283 Pathophysiology Exam (Latest 2023 - 2024) New Full Questions and Answers ( Included ) 100% Correct

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1. Etiology: Cause of particular disease on microscopic level 2. Pathogenesis: Story of how disease develops 3. Atrophy: Decrease in the size of the cells, results in reduced tissue mass 4. Hypertr... ophy: Increase in cell size, results in enlarged tissue mass 5. Hyperplasia: Increased number of cells, results in enlarged tissue mass 6. Metaplasia: Mature cell type is replaced by a different mature cell type, Ex:chronic smokers, cells lose cilia 7. Dysplasia: Cells are different looking varying in size and shape 8. Neoplasia: New growth, commonly a tumor. May be malignant or benign 9. Apoptosis: Programmed cell death, normal occurrence in the body 10. Ischemia: Deficit of oxygen in the cells 11. Hypoxia: Reduced oxygen in the tissues 12. Iatrogenic: illness or disease process because a medical process was done ex:CAUTI 13. Autosomal Recessive Disorders: Has to have two recessive genes to havedisease, only one recessive gene to be carrier ex: Cystic fibrosis, PKU (phenylke-tonuria), Tay-Sachs 14. Cystic fibrosis: autosomal recessive disorder that causes thick mucous secre-tions 15. PKU (phenylketonuria): autosomal recessive disorder that causes an inability to metabolize phenylalanine.Can causemental retardation.Pt must follow strict verylow protein diet 16. Tay-Sachs: autosomal recessive disorder that causes an enzyme to not be produced causing fatty proteins build up causing destruction of nerve cells in thebrain and spinal cord 17. Autosomal Dominant Disorders: Only takes one gene for disease to show. There are no carriers, either have disease or don't.Marfan Syndrome, Huntington's,Familial Hypercholesterolemia 18. Marfan Syndrome: Autosomal Dominant Disorder, causes long extremities,congenital heart defects 19. Huntington's Disease: Autosomal Dominant Disorder, nerve cells break downover time, causing involuntary movements 20. Familial Hypercholesterolemia: Autosomal Dominant Disorder, high choles-terol 21. X-Linked Disorders: Disorder carried on the x chromosome 22. Recessive X-Linked Disorders: Color blindness, more prominent in males,XcY male color blind, XcXc female color blind. XcX not color blind only carrier. 23. Chromosomal Disorder: not inherited, theres a problem on the chromosome 24. Types of Chromosomal Disorders: Down's Syndrome, Turner Syndrome,Klinefelter Syndrome 25. Down's Syndrome: Trisomy 21 26. Turner Syndrome: Only affects females, short stature, infertility, XO 27. Klinefelter Syndrome: Only affects males, develop breasts and small testes,extra X chromosome present XXY 28. Intracellular Fluid: Fluid inside the cell, accounts for 2/3 of body water 29. Extracellular Fluid: Fluid outside the cell, IVF (intravascular fluid or blood plas-ma), ISF (interstitial [Show More]

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