HESI Nutrition Notes

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HESI Nutrition Notes The nurse is teaching a client who has iron deficiency anemia about foods she should include in the diet. The nurse determines that the client understands the dietary modificat... ions if which items are selected from the menu? - Oranges and dark green leafy vegetables The nurse is planning to teach a client with malabsorption syndrome about the necessity of following a low-fat diet. The nurse develops a list of high-fat foods to avoid and should include which food items on the list? - Margarine Cream cheese Luncheon meats The nurse instructs a client with chronic kidney disease who is receiving hemodialysis about dietary modifications. The nurse determines that the client understands these dietary modifications if the client selects which items from the dietary menu? - Cream of wheat, blueberries, coffee. kidney disease who is receiving hemodialysis should include controlled amounts of sodium, phosphorus, calcium, potassium, and fluids, The nurse is conducting a dietary assessment on a client who is on a vegan diet. The nurse provides dietary teaching and should focus on foods high in which vitamin that may be lacking in a vegan diet? - Vitamin B12 A client with hypertension has been told to maintain a diet low in sodium. The nurse who is teaching this client about foods that are allowed should include which food item in a list provided to the client? - Summer squash A postoperative client has been placed on a clear liquid diet. The nurse should provide the client with which items that are allowed to be consumed on this diet? - Broth, Coffee, Gelatin. A clear liquid diet consists of foods that are relatively transparent to light and are clear and liquid at room and body temperature. These foods include items such as water, bouillon, clear broth, carbonated beverages, gelatin, hard candy, lemonade, ice pops, and regular or decaffeinated coffee or tea. The nurse is instructing a client with hypertension on the importance of choosing foods low in sodium. The nurse should teach the client to limit intake of which food? - Smoked sausage A client who is recovering from surgery has been advanced from a clear liquid diet to a full liquid diet. The client is looking forward to the diet change because he has been "bored" with the clear liquid diet. The nurse should offer which full liquid item to the client? - Custard. Full liquid food items include: plain ice cream, sherbet, breakfast drinks, milk, pudding and custard, soups that are strained, refined cooked cereals, and strained vegetable juices. A client is recovering from abdominal surgery and has a large abdominal wound. The nurse should encourage the client to eat which food item that is naturally high in vitamin C to promote wound healing? - Oranges The nurse is caring for a client with cirrhosis of the liver. To minimize the effects of the disorder, the nurse teaches the client about foods that are high in thiamine. The nurse determines that the client has the best understanding of the dietary measures to follow if the client states an intention to increase the intake of which food? - Legumes A breast-feeding mother of an infant with lactose intolerance asks the nurse about dietary measures. What foods should the nurse tell the mother are acceptable to consume while breast-feeding? - -Egg yolk -Dried beans -Green leafy vegetables -cauliflower -molasses. These are Alternative calcium sources The nurse is caring for a postoperative general surgery foreign-speaking client with a history of poor nutrition. What are some reasonable issues that can impact this client? - -Longer hospital stays and increased medical costs -Reduced quality of life and increased mortality rate -Impaired wound healing and increased risk of postoperative infection -Impaired functioning of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, cardiovascular system, respiratory system, and immune system The nurse is providing discharge dietary teaching to a client with a history of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). What comment made by the client tells the nurse that further instruction is needed? - I'll eat more beans and peas. The nurse is caring for a pregnant client who is iron deficient. What groups are vulnerable to this condition? - -Alcoholics -Vegetarians -Women of childbearing years -Older people who consume poor diets A child with leukemia is complaining of nausea. The nurse suspects that the nausea is related to the chemotherapy regimen. The nurse, concerned about the child's nutritional status, should offer which item during this episode of nausea? - Cool, clear liquids The health care provider has prescribed a clear liquid diet for a postoperative client. The nurse prepares to deliver the lunch tray to the client and checks the tray to be sure that which has occurred? - All food items are liquid at body temperature. The nurse has instructed a client in the foods that are best to consume on a low-fat diet. The nurse determines that the client understands this diet if the client indicates which food item is lowest in fat? - Dry toast and strawberry jelly A client is being seen in the clinic for symptoms of hyperinsulinism. The nurse provides information to the client regarding dietary measures for the condition. Which diet would be most appropriate to suggest to the client? - Small, frequent meals with protein, fat, and carbohydrates at each meal A client is admitted to a long-term care facility with the diagnosis of weight loss secondary to anorexia. The health care provider prescribes an enteral tube feeding of a standard formula to run at 40 mL/hour. A nursing student is assigned to care for the client, and the nursing instructor asks the student to describe the nursing considerations related to a tube feeding. Which statement, if made by the student, indicates an understanding of this dietary treatment? - Enteral feedings require the normal digestive capabilities of the gastrointestinal tract The nurse is creating a plan of care for a client receiving enteral feedings via a gastrostomy tube (G-tube). The nurse should plan to include which intervention in the plan of care? - Check around the stoma site for skin irritation. A client is diagnosed with a moderate case of acute ulcerative colitis. The nurse doing dietary teaching should give the client examples of foods to eat that represent which therapeutic diet? - Low fiber without milk to help reduce the frequency of diarrhea The nurse has determined that an unconscious client is at risk for nutritional problems. Which outcome indicates to the nurse that the goals have not yet been fully met? - Total protein concentration of 4.5 g/dL (45 g/L). The normal total protein level is 6.4 to 8.3 g/dL. The normal BUN is 10 to 20 The home care nurse is visiting a male client who is recovering at home after suffering a brain attack (stroke) 2 weeks ago. The client's wife states that the client has difficulty feeding himself and difficulty with swallowing food and fluids. Which would be the initial nursing action? - Observe the client feeding himself. A client has been on total parenteral nutrition (TPN) for 8 weeks at home. The health care provider prescribes that the TPN be weaned by 50 mL per hour per day until discontinued. The client asks the nurse why the TPN cannot just be stopped. The nurse explains that unless the TPN infusions are tapered gradually, the client is at risk for developing which complication? - Hypoglycemia The nurse is providing dietary instructions to a client with a diagnosis of hyperphosphatemia. The nurse determines that the client understands the instructions if the client states the importance of eliminating which item from the diet? - Fish. foods that are high in phosphates include: fish, eggs, milk products, vegetables, whole grains, and carbonated beverages. The nurse has conducted dietary teaching with a client diagnosed with iron deficiency anemia. The nurse instructs the client that which food item is a good dietary source of iron? - Apricots. foods high in iron: red meat, liver and other organ meats, blackstrap molasses, and oysters. Other good sources of iron: kidney beans, whole-wheat bread, egg yolk, spinach, kale, turnip tops, beet greens, carrots, raisins, and apricots. The nurse is providing dietary instructions to a client regarding a high-protein diet. The nurse should instruct the client to consume which food item that is highest in protein content? - 1 cup of cottage cheese The nurse is providing a dietary session to a group of clients about the vitamin content of various foods. The nurse should tell the clients that which food item is highest in vitamin A? - Green leafy vegetables The school nurse is providing a nutritional counseling session to a group of adolescents. The school nurse should instruct the adolescents that which item is a good source of vitamin C? - Sweet potatoes The nurse has provided dietary instructions to a client regarding food items that are high in vitamin B complex. The client demonstrates understanding of the dietary instructions by stating the importance of including which food item in the diet? - Grains The nurse is providing instructions to a client regarding food items that are high in vitamin D. The client demonstrates understanding of the instructions by stating the need to include which food item in the diet? - Milk The nurse is providing instructions to a client with kidney disease about a low-protein diet. The client demonstrates understanding of the dietary instructions by stating the need to limit which food in the diet? - Chicken has high protein The nurse is evaluating a client's ability to select food items for a low-potassium diet. Which food item, if selected by the client, would indicate an understanding of this diet? - Cranberry juice The nurse has given dietary instructions to an older female client to minimize the risk of osteoporosis. The client demonstrates understanding of the dietary teaching by stating that she will increase intake of which food? - Milk The nurse is consulting with a dietitian to plan a menu for a client who is on a regular diet and is a vegan. Which food item would the nurse and the dietitian select for the client's meal? - Stir- fried vegetables. Vegans exclude animal products. No egg. The home care nurse is conducting a diet history with an older client who lives alone. The nurse finds that the client's typical 24-hour food intake consists of eggs and sausage for breakfast, a fast-food lunch of hamburger and french fries, takeout fried chicken for dinner, and ice cream in the evening. To decrease the risk of cancer, what statement would the nurse make to the client? - A high-fat diet increases your risk for colon cancer The nurse is providing instructions to a client with osteoporosis regarding appropriate food items to include in the diet to increase her intake of calcium. The nurse determines the need for further instruction when the woman tells the nurse that she will be sure to increase her intake of which food that is lowest in calcium? - Pork contains least calcium A client has been given a prescription for gemfibrozil. The nurse should instruct the client to limit which food while taking this medication? - Beef. Gemfibrozil is a lipid-lowering agent. Beef is fat. should not eat. The nurse is providing dietary instructions to a client about food items that are high in niacin. Which food item should the nurse recommend as highest in niacin? - Poultry. eggs, meats, and dairy products The nurse is providing dietary instructions to a client about food items that are high in vitamin C. Which food item does the nurse recommend as being highest in vitamin C? - Cabbage The nurse is providing dietary instructions to a client about the food items that are high in vitamin K. Which food item does the nurse recommend as being highest in vitamin K? - Spinach. Liver and green leafy vegetables The nurse instructs a client about a low-fat diet. Which menu selection indicates that the client understands the nurse's instructions? - Turkey breast, boiled rice, and fruit In planning a low-sodium diet for a client who has recently been diagnosed with heart failure, the nurse should offer the client which food item? - Chicken breast The breast-feeding mother of an infant with lactose intolerance asks the nurse about dietary measures. The nurse should tell the mother to avoid which food? - Milk The nurse is assessing the skin of a client with a history of malabsorption deficiency and discovers brittle nails. What type of nutritional deficiency should the nurse suspect based on this observation? - Iron deficiency The nurse is providing instructions to a client with hypophosphatemia. Which food item should the nurse instruct the client to avoid? - Cheese because it's high calcium. High calcium = Low phosphorous The nurse is giving a presentation on good nutrition to a group of teenage mothers. Which level of prevention is the nurse implementing? - Primary level The nurse is creating a plan of care for a client receiving enteral feedings. Which client problem is the highest priority? - Aspiration The nurse is explaining the process of bariatric surgery to a severely obese client who has attended a medically supervised weight loss program for approximately 6 months. The client is considering this procedure. What are some conditions that may interfere with a client's commitment to lifelong behavioral changes and that may lead to poor surgical outcomes? Select all that apply. - Untreated depression Binge eating disorders Drug and alcohol abuse Inability to comply with nutritional recommendations A postoperative client has been tolerating a full liquid diet, and the nurse plans to advance the diet to solid food as prescribed. Which assessment is most important for the nurse to make before advancing the diet to solids? - Ability to chew A client with heart disease is provided instructions regarding a low-fat diet. The nurse should determine that the client understands the diet if the client states that which food item should be avoided? - Avocados A client with liver cancer receiving chemotherapy tells the nurse that some foods on the meal tray taste bitter. The nurse should try to limit which food that is most likely to cause this taste for the client? - Beef and Pork A nursing student is caring for a client who has been admitted to the hospital with malnutrition. The nursing instructor determines that the student has made a correct assessment of malnutrition consequences if the student documents which noted findings? - -Cachexic -Lethargic -Dry, flaking skin -Poor wound healing The nurse is teaching a client with tuberculosis about nutrition and foods that should be increased in the diet. The nurse should suggest that the client increase which food items? - Meats and citrus fruits. tuberculosis need to increase intake of protein, iron, and vitamin C. The nurse is evaluating the effect of dietary counseling on the client with cholecystitis. The nurse determines that the client understands the instructions given if the client states that which food item(s) are acceptable in the diet? - Baked fish which food items are lowest in potassium, providing less than 200 mg per serving? - Grapes Asparagus Applesauce The nurse provides instructions to a client with a low magnesium level about the foods that are high in magnesium. The nurse should tell the client to consume which foods? - Peas Cauliflower Peanut butter Canned white tuna sources of magnesium include: avocado, canned white tuna, cauliflower, green leafy vegetables such as spinach and broccoli, milk, oatmeal, peanut butter, peas, pork, beef, chicken, potatoes, raisins, and yogurt. The nurse is talking to the mother of a 2-month-old infant who is being seen in the health care provider's office for a well-child visit. Which statement by the mother would indicate that further teaching is needed about nutrition for this infant? - I started my daughter on cereal a week ago, and she loves the rice cereal. The nurse is caring for a client with a diagnosis of celiac disease. The nurse recognizes that client teaching has been effective when the client makes which statement? - I will eat rice cereal for breakfast. Celiac disease should avoid gluten-containing products such as wheat, barley, oats, and rye. The nurse provides dietary instructions to a client at risk for hypokalemia about which foods are high in potassium and should be included in the daily diet. The nurse should tell the client that which fruit is highest in potassium? - Kiwi. bananas, cantaloupe, oranges. The nurse should include which item in a list of the most helpful foods for a vegan client wishing to increase foods high in vitamin A? - Carrots. green leafy vegetables, and yellow vegetables A client with hypertension has been prescribed a low-sodium diet. The nurse teaching this client about foods that are allowed should plan to include which food in a list provided to the client? - Summer squash A client who was receiving enteral feedings in the hospital has been started on a regular diet and is almost ready for discharge. The client will be self-administering supplemental tube feedings between meals for a short time after discharge. The client expresses concern about performing this procedure at home. What is the nurse's best response? - Tell me more about your concerns about going home. Which actions should the nurse include when caring for a client with continuous tube feedings through a nasogastric (NG) tube? - Check the residual every 4 hours. Check for placement every 4 hours. Hang a new feeding bag every 24 hour NOT 72 hours. Check skin integrity at the site of NG tube insertion. Check for placement before administering medications. The nurse is monitoring the nutritional status of a client receiving enteral nutrition. Which intervention should the nurse implement to determine the effectiveness of the tube feedings? - Obtain a daily weight. The nurse is providing dietary teaching to a client who is receiving a potassium-retaining diuretic about foods that are low in potassium. Which foods should the nurse include on a list of foods with low potassium content? - Apple. Fruits low in potassium include: Apples, cherries, grapefruit, peaches, pineapple, and cranberries. A 9-year-old child who has iron-deficiency anemia tells the school nurse, "I get dizzy in gym class." What is the most likely explanation for this symptom? 1 Inflammation of the inner ear 2 Sudden drop in blood pressure 3 Insufficient cerebral oxygenation 4 Decreased level of serum glucose - 3 A 17-year-old adolescent was recently found to have type 2 diabetes mellitus. What information will the nurse include when providing education to the family? 1 "Your teen will need insulin injections for the rest of her life." 2 "The most important interventions are good nutrition and portion control." 3 "This is a condition where the body produces antibodies against its own cells." 4 "This condition causes weight loss and increased appetite, thirst, and urination." - 2 A 17-year-old client is found to have anorexia nervosa. The psychiatrist, in conjunction with the client and the parents, decides to institute a behavior modification program. What does the nurse recall is a major component of behavior modification? 1 Rewarding positive behavior 2 Reducing necessary restrictions 3 Deconditioning fear of weight gain 4 Reducing anxiety-producing situations - 1 A client describes abdominal discomfort following ingestion of milk. Which enzyme, as a result of a genetic deficiency, should the nurse consider to be the cause of the client's discomfort? 1 Lactase 2 Sucrase 3 Maltase 4 Amylase - 1 A client is receiving total parenteral nutrition. The nurse assesses for which client response that indicates hyperglycemia? 1 Paralytic ileus 2 Respiratory rate below 16 3 A fruity odor to the breath 4 Serum glucose of 105 mg/100 mL - 3 A client was admitted with full-thickness burns 2 weeks ago. Since admission, the client has lost an average of 1 lb (0.5 kg) of weight each day. Which action will the nurse most likely take based upon the adjusted dietary plan? 1 Provide low-sodium milk. 2 Provide high-protein drinks. 3 Provide foods that are low in potassium. 4 Provide 10% more calories in the form of fats. - 2 A client who has had recurrent infections before and during pregnancy should be instructed to eat a nutrient-rich diet as a means of supporting the body's natural defense mechanisms. What should the nurse encourage the client to include in her diet? 1 Fat-soluble vitamins 2 Dietary fiber and oat bran 3 Low-fat foods with essential fatty acids 4 Vitamins C and E - 4 A client with arthritis reports receiving several dietary suggestions over the years. Which recommendation for a daily diet should the nurse reinforce? 1 Wheat germ and yeast 2 Yogurt and blackstrap molasses 3 Multiple vitamin supplements in large doses 4 Adequate foods in a variety of different food groups - 4 A client with dementia and a percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) tube is being cared for at home. Which action provides evidence that a family member is effectively managing the client's care? 1 Empty feeding bag stays attached to the tubing. 2 Tube is flushed with air after medication is given. 3 Replacement of the tube is done on a weekly basis. 4 Head of the bed remains elevated after the feeding - 4 A client with hepatic cirrhosis begins to develop slurred speech, confusion, drowsiness, and a flapping tremor. Which diet can the nurse expect will be prescribed for this client based upon the assessment? 1 No protein 2 Moderate protein 3 High protein 4 Strict protein restriction - 2 A client with osteoporosis has been receiving dietary information from the nurse. Which food selection by the client indicates that the nurse's dietary instruction was effective? 1 Red meat 2 Soft drinks 3 Turnip greens 4 Enriched grains - 3 During change of shift report the night nurse indicates that a client cannot tolerate the prescribed intermittent tube feedings. Which action should the receiving nurse take first? 1 Suggest that an antiemetic be prescribed 2 Change the feeding schedule to omit nights 3 Request that the type of solution be changed 4 Gather more data from the night nurse about the technique used - 4 A mental health nurse is admitting a client with anorexia nervosa. When obtaining the history and physical assessment, the nurse expects the client's condition to reveal what? 1 Edema 2 Diarrhea 3 Amenorrhea 4 Hypertension - 3 The nurse assesses a client for the development of pernicious anemia after reviewing the client's history. Which condition did the nurse most likely find in the history? 1 Acute gastritis 2 Diabetes mellitus 3 Partial gastrectomy 4 Unhealthy dietary habits - 3 A nurse instructs a client with viral hepatitis about the type of diet that should be ingested. Which lunch selected by the client indicates understanding about dietary principles associated with this diagnosis? 1 Turkey salad, french fries, sherbet 2 Cottage cheese, mixed fruit salad, milkshake 3 Salad, sliced chicken sandwich, gelatin dessert 4 Cheeseburger, tortilla chips, chocolate pudding - 3 The nurse is caring for a client who is receiving a thiazide diuretic for hypertension. Which food selection by the client indicates to the nurse that dietary teaching about thiazide diuretics is successful? 1 Apples 2 Broccoli 3 Cherries 4 Cauliflower - 2 A nurse is caring for a client with cholelithiasis. Which clinical manifestation does the nurse expect if the client develops obstructive jaundice? 1 Yellow sclera 2 Pain on urination 3 Dark brown stools 4 Coffee-ground emesis - 1 A nurse is planning care for a client with substance-induced persisting dementia resulting from long-term alcohol use. Which nutritional problem, in addition to the effect of alcohol on brain tissue, has contributed to substance-induced persisting dementia? 1 Increase in serotonin 2 Deficiency of thiamine 3 Reduction in iron intake 4 Malabsorption of riboflavin - 2 A nurse is providing dietary teaching for a client with celiac disease. Which foods should the nurse teach the client to avoid when following a gluten-free diet? Select all that apply 1 Rye 2 Oats 3 Rice 4 Corn 5 Wheat - 1,2,5 The nurse is taking care of a client with cirrhosis of the liver and ascites. Which lunch is the best choice for a client with this disorder? 1 Ham sandwich with cheese, whole milk, and potato chips 2 Penne pasta, spinach, banana, and decaffeinated iced tea 3 Baked lasagna with sausage, salad, and milkshake 4 Hamburger, french fries, and cola - 2 A nurse is teaching the parents of a school-aged child with celiac disease about the nutrients that must be avoided in a gluten-free diet. What nutrients should the nurse teach the parents to avoid? 1 Saturated oils and fats 2 Milk and hard cheeses 3 Corn and rice products 4 Wheat and oat products - 4 A nurse may find that for optimum nutrition a client with a cerebrovascular accident (also known as "brain attack") needs assistance with eating. What should the nurse do? 1 Request that the client's food be pureed. 2 Feed the client to conserve the client's energy. 3 Have a family member assist the client with each meal. 4 Encourage the client to participate in the feeding process - 4 The nurse provides education about signs and symptoms of hypoglycemia to a client with newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes. The nurse concludes that the teaching was effective when the client acknowledges the need to drink orange juice when experiencing which symptoms? 1 Nervous and weak 2 Thirsty with a headache 3 Flushed and short of breath 4 Nausea and abdominal cramps - 1 An obese adult develops an abscess after abdominal surgery. The wound is healing by secondary intention and requires repacking and redressing every 4 hours. Which diet should the nurse expect the healthcare provider to prescribe to best meet this client's immediate nutritional needs? 1 Low in fat and vitamin D 2 High in calories and fiber 3 Low in residue and bland 4 High in protein and vitamin C - 4 The parents of a 6-month-old ask a nurse how to introduce their infant to pureed foods. How should the nurse respond? 1 "Introduce one food at a time every 4 to 7 days." 2 "Mix the pureed food with the formula two or three times a day." 3 "Try to maintain the formula intake regardless of solid food intake." 4 "Offer pureed foods by spoon after the bottle of formula is finished." - 1 A pregnant client tells the nurse, "I'm sticking to my diet, and I don't eat anything containing salt." How should the nurse respond? 1 "You're doing fine. Just keep up the good work." 2 "A low-salt diet will protect you from getting swollen feet." 3 "We now encourage pregnant women to increase their salt intake because of changes in the circulation." 4 "Salt is necessary in your diet. Use a little when you're cooking, but avoid processed meats and canned foods with salt." - 4 What is the required average daily intake of calories in preschoolers? 1 400 2 700 3 1,000 4 1,800 - 4 What would the nurse explain is the recommended age when a child can start having whole cow's milk? Record your answer using a whole number. year(s) old - 1 year old (The use of whole cow's milk, 2% cow's milk, or alternate milk products before the age of 12 months is not recommended) When assessing the characteristics of an adolescent with anorexia nervosa, how does the nurse expect to describe the adolescent? 1 Manic 2 Rebellious 3 Hypoactive 4 Perfectionistic - 4 Which nutrient deficiency in the pregnant adolescent may result in decreased birth weight as a consequence of low bone mineral density in the fetus? 1 Zinc 2 Iron 3 Calcium 4 Folic acid - 3 [Show More]

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