Sophia – US History II – Milestone 3 Final (questions & answers) Fall 2020 (GRADED A, GOOD FOR REVISION)

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Sophia – US History II – Milestone 3 Final 1 Which of the following was a significant effect of containment policy and the Cold War on the American government in the 1940s and 1950s? • The expul... sion of all persons of Russian descent from state and federal employment • The creation of new federal bodies, such as the National Security Council and the Central Intelligence Agency, to curtail Communist subversion at home and abroad • The temporary suspension of the First Amendment in an effort to contain state secrets related to the atomic bomb • A gradual acceptance of diverse views and behaviors related to sexuality and gender CONCEPT The Cold War in America 2 Choose the statement that best reflects a reaction against Brown v. Board of Education by Southerners during the 1950s. • “We will protest the desegregation of buses by refusing to use them.” • "We will close all of the schools for black children in the South. • "We disagree with this ruling in principle, but it will have little effect on daily life." • “This ruling will destroy the friendly relationship between the white and black races.” CONCEPT The Consequences of Brown V Board 3 "As part of the Lyndon Johnson administration's War on Poverty, my teenage son participated in a program which provided training and work experience so he could have the same advantages as others." What was the name of that program? • Community Action Program • Head Start • Teacher Corps • Job Corps CONCEPT Johnson's Vision: The Great Society 4 Which of the following statements reflects a reason identity politics grew in the United States in the 1960s? • “Because we were poor and working class, we were disproportionately drafted and sent into combat in Vietnam.” • "The Democratic and Republican Parties were growing further apart on social policy." • "My identity as a woman was less important than my identity as an American." • “Based on the idea that the United States is a melting pot, we support policies that address the needs of all Americans.” CONCEPT The Rise of Identity Politics in America 5 Which statement reflects an effect that World War II had on American workers? • "The war has made it harder for me to find a well paid job that allows me to support my family." • "I'm grateful that the government is helping me to take care of my children while I support the war effort." • "As a woman, I feel excluded from the economic benefits the war has generated." • "As a black man, Roosevelt's Executive Order 8802 prohibits me from taking advantage of opportunities in the defense industry." CONCEPT The American Homefront 6 Which of the following statements reflect the effects of the Second Red Scare on the American people? • "Although we know the Soviet Union has developed an atomic bomb, few of us are actually concerned." • “Many Hollywood films are reinforcing the importance of traditional families and responsibilities." • “Rallies and demonstrations grew under what the public perceived as government oppression.” • "As a member of the Army, I am immune to any suspicion that I hold communist sympathies." CONCEPT The Cold War in America 7 Discrimination in the housing sector after World War II allowed whites to live in houses they owned in the suburbs, but when blacks tried to buy homes in predominately white neighborhoods, they were often unable to do so because of legal agreements or contracts that prevented white property owners from selling their houses to black buyers. These agreements or contracts were called __________. • block busting • redlining • conservations • covenants CONCEPT The Origins of Brown V Board 8 Choose the statement that best explains why George Wallace was successful in the South in the 1968 presidential election. • He appealed to unionized blue collar voters and European immigrants. • Most of his support was coming from African Americans and other minorities, as well as Catholics. • He ran on a third party ticket that supported segregation. • He did not foresee making any significant changes to president Lyndon Johnson's domestic or foreign policies. RATIONALE CONCEPT The Significance of 1968 9 Which of the following was an effect of the attack on Pearl Harbor? • Great Britain entered World War II. • Japan invaded the U.S. mainland. • American support for fighting in World War II increased. • American citizens were ordered to leave Japan and return to the U.S. CONCEPT The American Homefront 10 Which of the following was a factor in President Harry Truman's decision to drop atomic bombs on Japan? • A desire to test the bomb for the first time • Concern that the Soviet Union would do so first • Germany’s conditional surrender • Racism toward the Japanese CONCEPT Truman and the Atomic Bomb 11 What did President Kennedy order in response to the Cuban Missile Crisis? • A trade alliance with the Soviet Union • Strong U.S. support of the Castro regime • The Bay of Pigs invasion • A quarantine zone around Cuba CONCEPT The Cold War Continues 12 Which of the following was associated with the New Left during the 1960s? • Communes • Support for the Vietnam war • Withdrawal from mainstream society • The Free Speech Movement CONCEPT The Liberal Coalition Unravels 13 Which of the following is an agreement formed during the Potsdam Conference? • The U.S. promised to send economic aid to the Soviet Union to compensate for their losses in the war. • The Allied leaders required the unconditional surrender of Japan. • The Soviet Union gained sole control over East Germany, including all of Berlin. • The Soviet Union agreed to join the United Nations. CONCEPT Origins of the Cold War 14 Which of the following World War II events happened first? • Germany launched a "blitzkrieg" against Poland. • Britain and France adopted a policy of appeasement toward Germany. • The United States implemented a cash and carry policy. • Joseph Stalin signed a nonaggression pact with Hitler. CONCEPT Neutrality to Involvement 15 Why did Joseph Stalin want a "second front" in Europe? • He was eager to claim parts of eastern Europe as belonging to the Soviets. • He wanted to divide Adolf Hitler’s armies and divert them away from the Soviet Union. • He considered an invasion of Italy to be key to defeating the Axis powers. • He thought British and American troops were working against the Soviet Union. CONCEPT Fighting World War II 16 Choose the statement that reflects U.S. involvement in Vietnam during the Eisenhower administration. • Congress passed a resolution that increased the executive branch’s war power, and the U.S. became an official combatant in the war. • The United States escalated the bombing campaign against North Vietnam and almost doubled military spending—to over $80 million—in one year. • The U.S. provided support—money and advisors—to Ngo Dinh Diem in South Vietnam because the administration believed that the Soviet Union and China controlled North Vietnam. • Despite U.S. support, the government of South Vietnam grew weaker. As a result, the United States approved a military coup against the faltering government. CONCEPT The Early 1960s 17 Name the group that formed in 1960 to organize protests such as sit-ins on behalf of the civil rights movement. • The Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee • The Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party • The Citizens' Council • The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People CONCEPT The Early 1960s 18 Read the excerpt from a presidential committee report published in 1947: "It is impossible to decide who suffers the greatest moral damage from our civil rights transgressions, because all of us are hurt. That is certainly true of those who are victimized. Their belief in the basic truth of the American promise is undermined . . . The damage to those who are responsible for these violations of our moral standards may well be greater . . . All of us must endure the cynicism about democratic values which our failures breed." How does this excerpt demonstrate that the Cold War affected the civil rights movement in the United States? • Those who oppose the United States are trying to create hostilities toward it by members of other races. • In response to global criticism, the committee vows to investigate and prosecute racism in the United States. • The committee is aware that the United States needs to take stronger steps to address racial discrimination at home. • Communists are distorting America’s racial shortcomings to challenge the growth of democracies. CONCEPT Cold War and the Civil Rights Movement 19 "In these days, it is doubtful that any child may reasonably be expected to succeed in life if he is denied the opportunity of an education. Such an opportunity, where the state has undertaken to provide it, is a right which must be made available to all on equal terms." According to this excerpt from the Supreme Court's decision in Brown v. Board of Education, why was public school segregation unconstitutional? • The segregation of public schools has led to underfunded schools for black children that lack the same amenities as white schools. • Segregation in schools creates feelings of inferiority among black children, which has a lasting and negative effect on society. • The segregation of public schools is in violation of the "equal protection" clause of the 14th Amendment. • Public school segregation violates the Supreme Court decision handed down in Plessy v. Ferguson in 1896. CONCEPT The Consequences of Brown V Board 20 Choose the statement that describes an economic consequence of the United States as an "arsenal of democracy" during World War II. • "American businesses really suffered during the war when the government seized their factories to produce vehicles and weapons." • "My community is growing wealthier every year." • “As the war continued, the supply of weaponry became greater than demand and prices fell, causing many to lose their jobs.” • "I thought the government should have adopted deficit spending during the war instead of focusing on keeping a balanced budget." CONCEPT Arsenal of Democracy 21 Prior to Brown v. Board of Education, in 1946, President Harry Truman worked on advancing civil rights. What was a civil rights achievement undertaken by the Truman administration? • The Double V Campaign successfully desegregated lunch counters in Washington, D.C. • Thurgood Marshall helped found the NAACP's Legal Defense and Education Fund. • The Supreme Court ruled in favor of Heman Sweatt, who had been denied admission to a Texas law school. • The armed forces were desegregated through an executive order. CONCEPT The Origins of Brown V Board 22 President Franklin Roosevelt became convinced that the United States should support the Allies in World War II for which of the following reasons? • The Nye Committee presented compelling evidence of Hitler's persecution of Jews. • The Soviet Union formally joined the war as an Axis Power. • He believed the rise of fascism was a threat to all nations. • He was convinced by the America First Committee to intervene. CONCEPT Neutrality to Involvement 23 The United Nations issued a Universal Declaration of Human Rights in 1948. Which of the following statements reflects an idea contained in the United Nations' Universal Declaration of Human Rights? • The United Nations had the authority to enforce its declaration and vowed to do so. • The rights and freedoms of people were best defined by individual sovereign nations. • Distinctions based on race, gender, religion or political positions of any person were prohibited. • The Security Council of the United Nations would prosecute violations of human rights. CONCEPT Cold War and the Civil Rights Movement 24 Which statement describes an effect of economic expansion in the 1950s? • "White collar jobs became more plentiful, but jobs for working class men were still hard to find." • "It seemed as if everyone I knew had moved to the city." • “We began to see more convenience stores and fast-food restaurants as car ownership increased.” • "We chose not to have children so that we could enjoy ourselves and travel more." CONCEPT Family Life in the 1950s 25 What was one reason president John Kennedy was slow to put forth an aggressive civil rights agenda? • He didn’t have the support of Congress on the issue. • His administration prioritized engineering an exit from Vietnam. • He was waiting for committee reports investigating racism. • He believed strongly in the rights of the states to govern themselves. CONCEPT The Early 1960s 26 Select the statement that best reflects Dwight Eisenhower's New Look strategy during the Cold War. • It cut the size of the armed forces nearly in half while building up the nuclear arsenal. • It encouraged the formation of the Green Berets, a special forces unit trained in counterinsurgency. • It provided the U.S. with a range of nonmilitary options for dealing with communist aggression. • It reduced the American nuclear arsenal to diminish the threat of nuclear war. CONCEPT The Cold War Continues 27 In the same way that conditions of the Cold War encouraged political conformity, economic expansion in the 1950s encouraged __________ conformity. • internal • religious • cultural • psychological CONCEPT Family Life in the 1950s 28 Choose the statement that best analyzes events in the year 1968 through the lens of politics. • The discovery of U.S. military actions at My Lai exposed the moral consequences of the Vietnam War. • Technological achievements, such as television coverage broadcast from space of manned space flight Apollo 7, unified Americans in challenging times. • Divisions over the Vietnam War paved the way for a more conservative coalition to come to power. • Women’s liberation groups targeted the Miss America pageant for being exploitative of women. CONCEPT The Significance of 1968 29 Choose the true statement about the relationship between private business and the federal government during World War II. • "Corporations were allowed to ignore federal regulations to protect us workers in the interest of wartime production." • "Wartime mobilization was so important that the government eased antitrust regulations while we were in production." • "Prices for the consumer goods we produced spiked during the war in the absence of government regulation." • "Wartime production was mostly done by government-owned factories rather than private companies like mine." CONCEPT Arsenal of Democracy 30 What was one motivation behind the development of the United States' containment policy following World War II? • To limit the expansion and influence of Communism in places currently undergoing decolonization. • To establish a "second front" between the Soviet Union and Communist China. • To restrict the movement of European refugees after the war. • To defend against the military alliance formed between the Soviet Union and the postwar German government. CONCEPT Origins of the Cold War 31 President Harry Truman outlined the Truman Doctrine in a speech to Congress in 1947. Choose the statement that best summarizes his argument in favor of this doctrine. • “The United States has a responsibility to deliver supplies to European citizens caught in the Soviet blockade.” • “The United States has an obligation to provide aid to any country currently fighting Communism.” • “We must form an alliance with European nations in which we all pledge to fight against Soviet aggression.” • “We must provide American financial aid to rebuild European countries so they do not turn to Communism.” CONCEPT The Cold War in Europe: The Iron Curtain Descends [Show More]

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