HIEU 202 Exam 2. QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS. LATEST UPDATE. RATED A+

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Textile Production - ✔✔Was the first industry to mechanize. Hand and foot machines without the use of water and steam. (ex. the fly shuttle, the spinning jenny) Steam Engine - ✔✔Was the key... breakthrough in launching the industrial revolution. This was because it could be applied in other areas. (Jame's Watt's steam engine solved the problem of condensation) Factories - ✔✔New machines brought about a need for factories. (the factory brought about many different areas of labor such as assembly line and interchangeable parts) people such as artisans and craftsman lost there livelihood because of factories, but there was a need for workers within the factories. [Factories were built in towns near centers of transportation] Transportation Revolution - ✔✔The industrial revolution led to a revolution in transportation. There was a need for speedy transportation of people and goods. (Canals connect to rivers and major waterways, allowing for easier transportation) led to steamboats Effects of the Industrial Revolution - ✔✔There was an immediate effect on ordinary people. People steadily moved to from agriculture to industrial labor. Communications Revolution - ✔✔Samuel Morse developed the telegraph. Because of machinery newspapers were easier to make and distribute. Industrial Europe - ✔✔Revolution spread throughout Europe, at different paces. Belgium was after Britain. In Germany pockets industrialized while others did not. France went through an industrial "evolution". The Class System - ✔✔Upper: traditional landed aristocracy, new business elites Middle: Business entrepreneurs, artisans of luxury goods, professionals Lower: farmers, tradesmen, craftsmen, laborers (Wealth not birth determined one's class) Artisans and Craftsmen - ✔✔Did not fit into the middle class or the industrial workers. (ex: tailors, printers, smiths, masons, carpenters) Many of these occupations were threatened by the industrial revolution. Many became skilled or semi skilled workers on the assembly line. Luddites, named after Ned Lud were workers that would riot and distroy the machinery. Conservatism - ✔✔ Classical Liberalism - ✔✔ Nationalism - ✔✔ Socialism - ✔✔ Robert Owen - ✔✔Cotton manufacturer who turned his mill into a "model community". His workers were to share everything, coined the expression "socialism" and became it's primary spokesperson. (attempt to establish another "model community" in New Harmony Indiana failed. (abolition of marriage and traditional family) Marxism/ Communism - ✔✔ Romanticism - ✔✔ Beethoven - ✔✔Most important as far as taking music in a different direction. Songs are created more for the middle class they are now 3-4 min. in length. Richard Wagner - ✔✔He composed operas with complex musical structures. "The father of movie music", music is meant to accompany the story. Johann Wolfgang von Goethe - ✔✔novel "The Sorrows of Young Werther" delved into the suffering of the individual. (he became a tutor for an aristocrat and falls in love with her, the novel that he wrote was about his love for her)-published during the enlightenment. Mary Shelley - ✔✔Frankenstein The Congress of Vienna - ✔✔-Primary problems: what to do with Napoleon's empire, and containing future french aggression. Allied powers came together to sort out problems. Metternich is the architect of the peace agreement (his concern was to contain Tsar Alexander I) Congress of Vienna cont... - ✔✔Results: -"Kingdom of the Netherlands" -"German Confederation" dominated by Austria and Prussia. -"Kingdom of Piedmont-Sardinia" -Austria annexed duchies and city-states of northern Italy -Mandated periodic conferences called "the concert of Europe" Metternich - ✔✔-Issued the Carlsbad Decrees: Abolished the burschenschaften (student organizations that started at German universities as an expression of new nationalism), and implemented tougher censorship. -In response to the Hambach Festival he issued the six articles: intensified surveillance of society, prohibited political public assemblies, empowered the police authority of German princes. The Concert of Europe - ✔✔In the public eye it became mixed with the "Holy Alliance" The Holy Alliance - ✔✔Acts to suppress revolutionary, nationalist, and liberal movements. Tsar Alexander I of Russia - ✔✔Advertised himself as the liberator of Europe (he tries to take as much of Europe as he can). [Show More]

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