PSYCH-101 Chapters 1 & 2. Questions and answers, 2022 update, 100% pass rate.

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PSYCH-101 Chapters 1 & 2. Questions and answers, 2022 update, 100% pass rate. Modern day psychology emphasizes - ✔✔d) critical thinking In your text, psychology is defined as the _____. - ... ✔✔d) scientific study of behavior and mental processes In your textbook, the process of objectively evaluating, comparing, analyzing, and synthesizing information is called _____. - ✔✔c) critical thinking Dr. Kaplan makes up her responses to radio listeners, using mostly her own "common sense", personal beliefs, and values- rather than scientific research. This practice is more like _____ than _____. - ✔✔b) pseudo-psychology; psychology According to your textbook, the goals of psychology are to _____. - ✔✔d) describe, explain, predict, and change behavior Which of the following is the BEST example of psychology's goal of describing behavior? - ✔✔c) Videotaping an intersection with four-way stop signs and measuring the ratio of complete to incomplete stops made by drivers Timothy has been reluctant to ask or answer questions in the classroom because when he spoke in his second-grade class, his peers laughed at him. This is a demonstration of which goal of psychology? - ✔✔b) Explaining behavior You believe that most behaviors are a product of your environment; your best friend argues that behaviors are a result of heredity. This is an example of _____. - ✔✔a) the nature-nurture controversy Shauna specializes in applying principles of psychology to the legal system. Shauna is __________ psychologist. - ✔✔b) Forensic Dr. DiMassio is studying PET (brain) scans in patients with schizophrenia and comparing them to PET scans in people who have no psychological disorders. It is likely that Dr. DiMassio is a _____. - ✔✔c) neuropsychologist Samantha specializes in evaluating, diagnosing, and treating mental and behavioral disorders. Samantha is a psychologist. - ✔✔c) clinical Shirley examines learning, conditioning, motivation, emotion, sensation, and perception in humans and other animals. It is likely that Shirley is a(n) ________ psychologist. - ✔✔a) experimental Lloyd is fascinated by interpersonal behavior, especially prejudice and other attitudes. It is likely that Lloyd is a(n) __________ psychologist. - ✔✔d) social The science of psychology began in 1879 in ____________, Germany with Wilhelm ___________. - ✔✔b) Leipzig, Wundt The psychological school of thought called structuralism is associated with _____, and engages in the method of studying experience called _____. - ✔✔d) Wundt & Titchener; introspection _____ investigates how mental processes help people adapt to their environment. - ✔✔d) Functionalism Psychotherapy or "talk therapy" was developed by whom as a way to deal with unconscious conflicts? - ✔✔d) Sigmund Freud The psychological perspective that emphasizes objective, observable environmental influences of overt behavior is called the __________________________. - ✔✔d) behavioral perspective. Dr. Watson, from the _____ school of psychology, focused on objective, observable behavior rather than on the unconscious. - ✔✔a) behaviorism The sound of music makes your feet start tapping. A behaviorist would say that the music is a _____, because it causes you to start foot-tapping. - ✔✔a) stimulus Behaviorists are MOST successful in treating _______. - ✔✔b) overt behavior problems The psychological perspective that emerged in the 1950s that stressed free will, self-actualization, and human nature as naturally positive and growth seeking was the __________ perspective. - ✔✔c) humanistic A state of self-fulfillment in which we realize our highest potential, according to Abraham Maslow, is called _____. - ✔✔c) self-actualization The scientific study of optimal human function is known as ________. - ✔✔c) positive psychology The psychological perspective that studies how we gather, encode, and store information is the ________ perspective. - ✔✔a) cognitive Cognitive psychology focuses on ____. - ✔✔c) Mental processes, language, and perception. The model that likens the mind to a computer that sequentially takes in information , processes it, and then produces a response is called the ___________. - ✔✔b) information processing model Biopsychologists emphasize _____. - ✔✔a) that behavior is the result of genetics and physiological processes occurring in the brain and nervous system The idea that depression is influenced by genetics and neurotransmitters, learned responses and thinking patterns, and socioeconomic status and culture represents the _____ model of psychology. - ✔✔c) biopsychosocial Natural selection, adaptation, and the evolution of behavior patterns are major emphases in the _____ perspective of psychology. - ✔✔d) evolutionary Which of the following terms do NOT belong together? - ✔✔a) Structuralism: Observable behavior Malcolm hits Jason because he took his toy. A psychologist from which psychological perspective would explain this behavior by explaining that humans learned to behave aggressively because aggression conveys a survival or reproductive advantage? - ✔✔d) An evolutionary psychologist Sociocultural psychology is the study of the _____ . - ✔✔a) influence of culture and social interactions on people's behavior A group of children gather around an elder to hear stories in one part of the world, whereas children file into a classroom to learn about history from a teacher. Which psychological perspective would MOST emphasize these environmental factors as important in shaping behavior? - ✔✔b) Sociocultural Which of the following is NOT one of the major contemporary perspectives in psychology? - ✔✔c) functionalism A new, integrative model that proposes that physiological and genetic, cognitive and emotional, and environmental factors all affect and are affected by one another is called the _______. - ✔✔c) biopsychosocial model A scientist who seeks knowledge for its own sake is conducting ________. - ✔✔a) basic research If you prepared a study to determine which areas of the brain are used for working memory, you would be conducting _____ research. - ✔✔d) basic The term, applied research, is BEST defined as research that _____. - ✔✔a) is designed to solve practical problems If you prepared a study to determine ways to enhance athletic performance, you would be conducting _____ research. - ✔✔d) applied Replication increases scientific confidence in a theory if the _____. - ✔✔b) results are similar Carlos and Bonita were intrigued by the results of a study about the biases people display toward work done by males, compared to work done by females. They decided to perform the same study, following the same procedures, to see if they would get the same results. This is an example of _____. - ✔✔b) a replication of studies Tara is in 11th grade and is interested in studying the effects of text-messaging (rather than talking on the phone) on the quality of friendships. The FIRST step Tara would perform in order to follow the scientific method is ______. - ✔✔c) reviewing the literature of existing When a scientist chooses between using natural observation, case studies, surveys, or experimental method, (s)he is choosing the best for her study. - ✔✔d) research design _______________ is used to analyze the findings of a research study? - ✔✔c) Statistics According to your text, when a scientist submits a study for publication to a journal where other scientists will read it and decide whether or not it will be published, the article is undergoing _______. - ✔✔b) peer review The two largest professional organizations of psychologist are: - ✔✔c) The Association for Psychological Science (APS) and The American Psychological Association (APA) Numerous studies have been conducted on student test-taking behavior. The data from these studies have been compiled, and researchers have developed a set of concepts to explain this interrelated data and generate testable questions to verify these concepts. This set of concepts is called a(n) _____. - ✔✔d) theory A participant's agreement to take part in a study after being told what to expect is known as _____. - ✔✔c) informed consent You are unsure whether you want to complete an experiment you began an hour ago. According to the Ethical Principles of Psychologists when you ask the researcher if you have to continue, the researcher should respond with _____. - ✔✔a) "You have the right to drop out of the study at any time." Deception is sometimes used in psychological research in order to _____. - ✔✔a) create a realistic situation with genuine reactions Which of the following is an ethical concern of psychologists? - ✔✔a) The safety and health of research animals b) Protecting client confidentiality c) Deception in research d) All of the above**** According to your text, debriefing is _____. - ✔✔b) explaining the purpose of the study, anticipated results, and deceptions used when the study is over If a psychology teacher lets students earn extra credit by volunteering for research, he/she is ethically required to _____. - ✔✔b) provide an alternative extra credit activity of equal value Which of the following is NOT true about animal research? - ✔✔c) Animal researchers use punishments as often as they use rewards. A therapist may be required to break client confidentiality if the client _____. - ✔✔a) threatens to hurt himself b) threatens to hurt others c) is abusing a child or an elder adult d) all of these options*** Which of the following therapists is NOT violating psychology's ethical standard of confidentiality? - ✔✔a) Dr. Novak called the Department of Social Services to report her client, who admitted during their session together that she was abusing her nine-year-old daughter [Show More]

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