University Of Arkansas - Little Rock > NURSING > PATHO NURS 5102 Chapter 20: Alterations of Neurologic Function in Children (GRADE A)

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Chapter 20: Alterations of Neurologic Function in Children MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. The neural groove closes dorsally during which week of gestational life? a. Second c. Eighth b. Fourth d. Twelfth... 2. Which nutritional deficiency in a pregnant woman is associated with neural tube defect (NTD)? a. Iron c. Zinc b. Vitamin C d. Folate 3. Which defect of neural tube closure is most common? a. Anterior c. Lateral b. Posterior d. Midline 4. What is the anomaly in which the soft bony component of the skull and much of the brain is missing? a. Anencephaly c. Cranial meningocele b. Myelodysplasia d. Hydrocephaly 6. What is the term for a herniation or protrusion of brain and meninges through a defect in the skull? a. Encephalocele c. Arachnoidocele b. Meningocele d. Cephacephalocele 7. What is the result of a Chiari type II malformation associated with a myelomeningocele? a. Upward displacement of the cerebellum into the diencephalon b. Motor and sensory lesions below the level of the myelomeningocele c. Downward displacement of the cerebellum, brainstem, and fourth ventricle d. Generalized cerebral edema and hydrocephalus 8. Prompt surgical repair of a myelomeningocele is critical to best prevent: a. Infection c. Mental retardation b. Paralysis d. Additional nervous system damage 9. Which body system is the largest site for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in infants and children? a. Central nervous system c. Integumentary system b. Gastrointestinal system d. Musculoskeletal system 10. An infant diagnosed with hydrocephalus is observed to demonstrate: a. Shrunken ventricles b. Bulging fontanels c. Retarded head growth d. Decreased production of cerebrospinal fluid 16. What term is used to describe a hernial protrusion of a saclike cyst that contains meninges, spinal fluid, and a portion of the spinal cord through a defect in a posterior arch of a vertebra? a. Encephalocele c. Spina bifida occulta b. Meningocele d. Myelomeningocele 17. What test is performed on amniotic fluid and maternal blood to test for neural tube defect? a. Total protein c. -fetoprotein b. Culture d. C-reactive protein 18. The clinical manifestations of dyskinetic cerebral palsy include: a. Increased muscle tone and prolonged primitive reflexes b. Exaggerated deep tendon reflexes, clonus, and rigidity of extremities c. Scoliosis, contractures, and stiffness of trunk muscles d. Jerky uncontrolled and abrupt fine musculoskeletal movements MULTIPLE RESPONSE 19. Which musculoskeletal deformities are associated with myelomeningocele? (Select all that apply.) a. Extra digits on feet b. Clubfoot c. Dislocation of the hips d. Scoliosis e. Kyphosis 20. True microcephaly can be caused by: (Select all that apply.) a. Autosomal gene alterations b. Prenatal physical abuse of the mother c. X-linked gene alterations d. Toxic-induced chromosomal defects e. Maternal anorexia 21. Which statements regarding the term myelodysplasia are true? (Select all that apply.) a. Myelodysplasia is used to define a defect in the formation of the spinal cord. b. It can be used to refer to brain anomalies involving missing brain tissue. c. Myelodysplasia correctly includes encephaloceles. d. It is used to describe a herniation of brain and meninges through a defect in the skull. e. Myelodysplasia can be used to refer to a form of spina bifida. MATCHING Match the tumor name with its site of development. A. Medulloblastoma- Develops in the vermis of the cerebellum and may extend to the fourth ventricle B. Ependymoma- Develops in the fourth ventricle C. Cerebellar astrocytoma- Causes unilateral symptoms such as nystagmus D. Craniopharyngioma- Originates from the pituitary or hypothalamus E. Neuroblastoma- Originates in the neural crest that normally forms the sympathetic ganglia and adrenal medulla Alterations of Neurologic Function in Children The origin of the peripheral nervous system is which of the following? A. Neural crest B. Neural tube C. Neural groove D. Neural plate An infant is born with a wide membranous junction between skull bones. What is the appro-priate name for this structure? A. Suture B. Fontanel C. Schwann cell D. Myelin Premature closure of one or more of the cranial sutures during the first 18 to 20 months of an infant's life is known as: A. Anencephaly B. Craniosynostosis C. Encephalocele D. Meningocele A child is diagnosed with congenital hydrocephalus. Which of the following are not correlated with this diagnosis? A. Apparent in the second month of life B. Sunsetting eyes C. Obstructive causes such as Dandy-Walker deformity D. Full and bulging fontanels A child diagnosed with cerebral palsy has increased muscle tone, prolonged primitive reflexes, scoliosis, and contractures. Which form of cerebral palsy does this child have? A. Pyramidal or spastic B. Dyskinetic C. Ataxic D. Mixed variety Which statement is true regarding brain tumors in children? A. Brain tumors represent the most common primary neoplasm in children. B. Twenty percent of the brain tumors are nonmalignant. C. Brain tumors account for 50% of all childhood cancers. D. Brain tumors are the leading cause of death from disease in children, ages 1 to 15 years. Febrile seizures occur in: A. Less than 1% of children B. 2% to 5% of children C. 7% to 10% of children D. 12% to15% of children B Which statements are true regarding neurologic development? (Select all that apply.) A. The head size is the fasted growing body part during infancy. B. The infant's skull contains fontanels. C. An adult's head will expand with an intracranial mass. D. The infant's head circumference expands until 5 to 8 years of age. ______________________----_____________________ [Show More]

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