Complete Answers WGU D236 Pathophysiology Exam 2 (Latest 2023 / 2024) A++ Exam with All New Qs & As - Guaranteed Pass!

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1. What is Starling's Law of Capillary forces? How does this explain why a nutritionally deficient child would have edema?- Answer: Starling's Law describes how fluids move across the capillary mem... brane. Thereare two major opposing forces that act to balance each other, hydrostatic pressure(pushing water out of the capillaries) and osmotic pressure (including oncontic pressure, which pushes fluid into the capillaries). Both electrolytes and proteins (oncontic pressure) in the blood affect osmotic pressure, high electrolyte and protein concentrations in the blood would cause water to leave the cells and interstitial space and enter the blood stream to dilutethe high concentrations. On, the other hand, low electrolyte and protein concentrations (as seen in a nutritionally deficient child) would cause water to leave the capillaries and enterthe cells and interstitial fluid which can lead to edema. 2. How does the RAAS (Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System) result in increased blood volume and increased blood pressure? Answer: A drop in blood pressure is sensed by the kidneys by low perfusion, which in turn begins to secreterenin. Renin then triggers the liver to produce angiotensinogen, which is converted to Angiotensin I in the lungs and then angiotensin II by the enzyme Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE). Angiotensin IIstimulates peripheral arterialvasoconstriction which raises BP. Angiotensin II is also stimulating the adrenal gland to release aldosterone, whichacts to increase sodium and water reabsorption increasing blood volume, while also increased potassium secretion in urine. 3. How can hyperkalemia lead to cardiac arrest? Answer: Normal levels of potassium are between 3.5 and 5.2 mEq/dL. Hyperkalemia refers to potassium levels higherthat 5.2 mEq/dL. [Show More]

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