Florida State University - BIOLOGY 5434 Chapter 27-30 Questions With Revised Answers.

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Chapter 27: Structure and Function of the Hematologic System MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. What is the most abundant class of plasma protein? a. Globulin c. Clotting factors b. Albumin d. Complement proteins... ANS: B Albumin (approximately 60% of total plasma protein at a concentration of about 4 g/dl) is the most abundant plasma protein. PTS: 1 REF: Page 946 2. What is the effect of low plasma albumin? a. Clotting factors decrease, thus increasing the chance of prolonged bleeding. b. Fewer immunoglobulins are synthesized, thus impairing the immune function. c. Less iron is stored, thus increasing the incidence of iron deficiency anemia. d. Osmotic pressure decreases, thus water moves from the capillaries to the interstitium. ANS: D In the case of decreased production (e.g., cirrhosis, other diffuse liver diseases, protein malnutrition) or excessive loss of albumin (e.g., certain kidney diseases, extensive burns), the reduced oncotic pressure leads to excessive movement of fluid and solutes into the tissues and decreased blood volume. The other options are not accurate descriptions of the effect of low plasma albumin. PTS: 1 REF: Page 946 3. What is the life span of an erythrocyte (in days)? a. 20 to 30 c. 100 to 120 b. 60 to 90 d. 200 to 240 ANS: C Because it cannot undergo mitotic division, the erythrocyte has a limited life span of approximately 120 days. PTS: 1 REF: Pages 947-948 4. Which statement concerning erythrocytes is true? a. Erythrocytes contain a nucleus, mitochondria, and ribosomes. b. Erythrocytes synthesize proteins. c. Erythrocytes have the ability to change shape to squeeze through microcirculation. d. Erythrocyte colony-stimulating factor (E-CSF) stimulates erythrocytes. ANS: C Reversible deformity enables the erythrocyte to assume a more compact torpedo-like shape, squeeze through the microcirculation, and return to normal. The other options are not accurate statements about erythrocytes. PTS: 1 REF: Page 948 5. Granulocytes that contain granules of vasoactive amines, such as histamine, are called: a. Neutrophils c. Monocytes b. Eosinophils d. Basophils ANS: D Basophils contain cytoplasmic granules that hold an abundant mixture of biochemical mediators, including histamine, chemotactic factors, proteolytic enzymes, and an anticoagulant (heparin) (see Figure 27-3, C). This is not an accurate description of any of the other options. PTS: 1 REF: Page 949 6. Which of the following are formed elements of the blood that are not cells but are disk-shaped cytoplasmic fragments essential for blood clotting? a. Monocytes c. Macrophages b. Platelets d. Erythrocytes ANS: B Platelets (thrombocytes) are not true cells but are disk-shaped cytoplasmic fragments that are essential for blood coagulation and control of bleeding. This description is not accurate for any of the other options. PTS: 1 REF: Pages 950-951 7. Blood cells that differentiate into macrophages are known as: a. Monocytes c. Eosinophils b. Neutrophils d. Basophils ANS: A Only monocytes migrate into a variety of tissues and fully mature into tissue macrophages and myeloid dendritic cells (see Table 27-3). PTS: 1 REF: Page 950 8. Without prior exposure to an antigen, which cells are able to destroy some types of tumor cells and some virus-infected cells? a. Lymphocytes c. Megakaryocytes b. Plasma cells d. Natural killer (NK) cells ANS: D NK cells, which resemble large granular lymphocytes, kill some types of tumor cells (in vitro) and some virus-infected cells without being induced by previous exposure to these antigens. This capability is not true of the other options. PTS: 1 REF: Page 950 9. What is the life span of platelets (in days)? a. 10 c. 90 b. 30 d. 120 ANS: A A platelet circulates for approximately 10 days and ages. Macrophages of the mononuclear phagocyte system, mostly in the spleen, remove platelets. PTS: 1 REF: Page 951 10. Fetal hematopoiesis occurs in which structure? a. Gut c. Bone marrow b. Spleen d. Thymus ANS: B The spleen is the largest of the secondary lymphoid organs and the site of fetal hematopoiesis. PTS: 1 REF: Page 951 11. What is the consequence of a splenectomy? a. The level of iron in circulation increases. b. Antibody production increases to improve immune function. c. The number of defective cells in circulation increases. d. The number of clotting factors increases. ANS: C Splenic absence from any cause (e.g., atrophy, traumatic injury, removal because of disease) has several secondary effects on the body, among them an increase in morphologically defective blood cells in the circulation, confirming the spleen’s role in removing old or damaged cells. This description of the consequence of a splenectomy is not accurate for the other options. PTS: 1 REF: Pages 951-952 12. During an infection, why do lymph nodes enlarge and become tender? a. B lymphocytes proliferate. b. The nodes are inflamed. c. The nodes fill with purulent exudate. d. The nodes are not properly functioning. ANS: A The B lymphocyte proliferation in response to significant antigen (e.g., during infection) may result in lymph node enlargement and tenderness (reactive lymph node). This description is not accurate for the other options. [Show More]

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