WGU D307 Educational Psychology and Development of Children/Adolescents Already Passed

Document Content and Description Below

WGU D307 Educational Psychology and Development of Children/Adolescents Already Passed Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs ✔✔physiological, safety, love/belonging, esteem, selfactualization gross moto... r skills ✔✔physical abilities involving large body movements, such as walking and jumping fine motor skills ✔✔physical abilities involving small body movements, especially of the hands and fingers, such as drawing and picking up a coin Gessell's Theory of Development ✔✔Distinct stages or sequences of child development. Development is driven by both genetics and environment. Infancy Physical Development (0-2) ✔✔Roll, Hold Head up, Crawl, Walk, Feed Self, Run, Zipper Early Childhood Physical Development (2-6) ✔✔Improvements in gross/fine motor skills. Run, Hop, Tumble, Climb, Bead Strings, Puzzles, Dress Self, Use Utensils. Middle Childhood Physical Development (6-10) ✔✔Slow and Steady Weight/height gain, Adult teeth, Refinement of motor skills, play organized sports Adolescence Physical Development (10-18) ✔✔Rapid Growth, Puberty, Hormones, Girls stop growing and boys continue. Piaget's Theory ✔✔States that children actively construct their understanding of the world and go through four stages of cognitive development Sensorimotor Stage (Piaget) ✔✔0-2. Sensations and perceptions. Master object permanence. Emphasis on the senses: touch, vision, motor (sucking and grasping) Preoperational Stage (Piaget) ✔✔2-7. Motor skills are acquired; egocentrism is strong but begins to decline; no logical thinking yet; most rapid period of development Concrete Operational Stage (Piaget) ✔✔7-12. The child develops the ability to understand constant factors in the environment, rules, and higher-order symbolic systems. Conservation is developed here. Formal Operational Stage (Piaget) ✔✔12-adulthood. Children develop the ability to think logically in the abstract. They develop deductive reasoning skills and are capable of achieving post-conventional moral reasoning. Assimilation ✔✔interpreting our new experiences in terms of our existing schemas Accomodation (Piaget) ✔✔when new information or experiences cause you to modify your existing schemas (organized pattern of thought or behavior) Vygotsky's Theory ✔✔A sociocultural cognitive theory that emphasizes how culture and social interaction guide cognitive development. Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD) ✔✔Vygotsky's concept of the difference between what a child can do alone and what that child can do with the help of a teacher Erikson's Psychosocial Theory ✔✔each stage builds on tasks of the previous stage, successful mastery leads to sense of self Trust vs. Mistrust (0-1) ✔✔If needs are dependably met, infants develop a sense of basic trust Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt (1-3) ✔✔Erikson's stage in which a toddler learns to exercise will and to do things independently; failure to do so causes shame and doubt Initiative vs. Guilt (3-6) ✔✔preschoolers learn to initiate tasks and carry out plans, or they feel guilty about their efforts to be independent Industry vs. Inferiority (6-12) ✔✔can I be competent? Conflict leads to low self esteem and self efficacy Identity vs. Role Confusion (Adolescence) ✔✔Adolescents develop a sense of identity by experimenting with different roles. No role experimentation may result in role confusion. Intimacy vs. Isolation ✔✔Erikson's stage in which individuals form deeply personal relationships, marry, begin families Bandura's Theory ✔✔people's behavior is influenced by extrinsic and intrinsic motivation Kohlberg's stages of moral development ✔✔6 identifiable developmental stages of moral reasoning which form the basis of ethical behavior, the pre-conventional (level 1) contains the first stage (obedience and punishment orientation and second stage (self-interest orientation)), the conventional (level 2) contains the third stage (interpersonal accord and conformity) and fourth stage (authority and social-order maintaining orientation) the post-convential (level 3) contains the 5th stage (social contract orientation) and 6th stage (universal ethical principles) Preconventional (Kohlberg) ✔✔Externally Controlled; Obedience and Punishment; Instrumental Orientation. Whats in the individuals best interest. Conventional (Kohlberg) ✔✔Good boy, Nice Girl. Law and Order. Child blindly accepts rules. Postconventional (Kohlberg) ✔✔Social contract orientation; Universal Ethical Principle. Abstract reasoning, moral capacity to disobey unjust laws Gilligan's critique of Kohlberg ✔✔Girls and women focus more on staying connected and maintaining interpersonal relationships. language acquisition device (LAD) (Chomsky) ✔✔Collection of processes that facilitate language learning that human brain is equipped with at birth Universal Grammar (Chomsky) ✔✔- all across the world we learn the rules of grammar around the same time - if we do not learn them during this critical period we probably will not learn them at all Skinner's Theory of Language Development ✔✔suggests that babies learn language through basic conditioning principles: association, reinforcement, and imitation Skinner 3 processes kids learn language ✔✔Imitating, Prompting, and Shaping Vygotskys Theory of Language Development ✔✔Focuses on social learning and Zone of Proximal Development At what stage of childhood can a child tie shoes? ✔✔Primary School How does female growth differ from male growth adolescents? ✔✔Females usually complete physical growth before males. Which characteristic is consistent with a student in the early childhood physical development stage? ✔✔Ties shoes Which characteristic is consistent with a student in the middle childhood physical development stage? ✔✔Refining motor coordination According to Piaget, what is an important accomplishment at the preoperational stage? ✔✔Thinking symbolically A student understands that a deflated balloon can be inflated with air. According to piaget, which cognitive level is this student demonstrating? ✔✔concrete operational According to Vygotsky, what should a teacher do to help a student move through the zone of proximal development? ✔✔Provide instructional scaffolding Because of circumstances, an individual seeks medical advice to remove a parent from life support. According to Gilligan, which moral stage of development is represented by this scenario? ✔✔Postconventional During which age range does Eriksons industry versus inferiority stage of psychosocial development usually occur? ✔✔5 to 12 years According to Bandura, which factor can affect reproduction? ✔✔Physical capabilities What is identified with the babbling stage of the language development process? ✔✔repeating vowel sounds What action characterizes the holophrastic stage of language development? ✔✔uttering single words A student is able to make a sentence with a subject, verb, and object. ✔✔Telegraphic Preconventional ✔✔I love myself Conventional ✔✔I love you more than I love myself Postconventional ✔✔I love myself and I love you Chomsky ✔✔Universal Grammar, Language is innate, Language acquisition Skinner ✔✔associating words with meanings, positive reinforcement [Show More]

Last updated: 1 year ago

Preview 1 out of 9 pages