WGU Educational Psychology & Development of Children and Adolescents (2022/2023) (Correct Answers)

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WGU Educational Psychology & Development of Children and Adolescents (2022/2023) (Correct Answers) Piaget ✔✔Believed we learn from interaction with peers and environment Preconventional ✔�... �All about me Conventional ✔✔All about rules or laws Postconventional ✔✔All about others Kohlberg ✔✔Stages of Moral Development- Preconventional, Conventional, Postconventional Chomsky ✔✔Theory of Universal Grammar- Innate/Biological Babbling- 6 to 8 months ✔✔Consonant-vowel combinations (ba-ba, ma-ma) Holophrastic- 9 to 18 months ✔✔Single words represent a sentence (up, juice, mine) Two-Word- 18 to 24 months ✔✔Mini sentences (doggy bark, me play) Telegraphic- 24 to 30 months ✔✔Vocabulary increases. Use mostly nouns and verbs, omits auxiliary words (Carrie want ball, I good boy today)- early multiword stage Later multiword stage- 30+ months ✔✔5+ word sentences, fastest vocabulary increase. Sentences formed with improving grammar, structure Skinner ✔✔Operant conditioning and language development- children learn language based on reinforcement Operant Conditioning and Language Development ✔✔Children learn language based on reinforcement, learn language through imitating, prompting, shaping, they associate words with meanings, correct utterances are positively reinforced- Skinner Vygotsky ✔✔Social approach to language development Social Approach to Language Development ✔✔language develops through social interactions, children need interpersonal interactions, Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD), scaffolding (temp support), Private speech (talking to yourself) Spearman ✔✔General intelligence (g factor) Thurnstone ✔✔7 factor intelligence Sternberg ✔✔successful intelligence Gardner ✔✔Multiple intelligences Behavioral theory ✔✔teacher directed, basic skills, direct instruction, immediate feedback & correction, reinforcement- positive/negative, punishment- time-out, shaping, token economy, computer-based tutorials Constructivist Theory ✔✔Student-centered, building knowledge, lego builders, build schemastudent constructs own knowledge, real world, learn from others, scaffolding, ZPD, project based learning, virtual learning Cooperative Collaborative Theory ✔✔learning together, social butterflies, interacting, mixed groups, encourage each other, individual accountability, equal opportunity for success, model social behaviors Information-processing/Social Cognitive ✔✔Memory, metacognitive knowledge, sensory register, working memory, Self-regulation/control, modeling, attention getting devices, chunking, concept mapping Humanistic ✔✔Feelings, emotions, self-perception, motivation, safe-welcoming environment, growth needs, student choice, creative learning Formative Assessment ✔✔Check FOR learning- progress, occurs during instruction, provides feedback to determine student learning and inform instruction and reteaching Summative Assessment ✔✔Sum OF learning- focus is on outcome of learning or result, occurs after instruction, provides grades, measures overall student achievement Written Assessment ✔✔grading is objective (right/wrong, use answer key), measures degree of knowledge, lower level skills Performance Assessment ✔✔Grading is subjective (based on judgement, use rubric), measures ability to do something, portfolios, demonstrations Selected response ✔✔multiple choice, true/false, matching Constructed response ✔✔short answer, essay Norm-Referenced Grading ✔✔Based on a normed score, compares student's scores to each other, grading on a curve, bell curve, reports how you did compared to how you could have done Criterion-Referenced Grading ✔✔Based on standards or set criteria, Pass based on mastery or proficiency, reports information about strengths and weaknesses Piaget believed this was important ✔✔thinking symbolically A child understands that a deflated balloon can be filled with air. According to Piaget, which cognitive level is he demonstrating? ✔✔Concrete operational According to Vygotsky, what should a teacher do to help a student move through the zone of proximal development? ✔✔Provide instructional scaffolding Explaining the commutative property in addition is an characteristic example of which stage ✔✔Concrete operational A child watching his parents brush their teeth is an example of learning from a _________, according to Vygotsky. ✔✔More knowledgeable other At which stage would a child be expected to tie shoes? ✔✔Primary school True or false: Females usually complete physical growth before males ✔✔True Which stage does a child refine motor coordination? ✔✔Middle childhood physical development stage Who said justifying a moral decision on the basis of self-chosen principles even when their is a conflict with official rules and laws is a characteristic of his final stage of the moral development theory? ✔✔Kohlberg In which age range does Erikson's industry v. inferiority stage of psychosocial development occur? ✔✔5-12 years True or False: According to Bandura, physical capabilities can affect reproduction. ✔✔True Removing a restriction if a child pays attention in class, is an example of a negative reinforcement in ___________'s Theory of Operant Conditioning. ✔✔Skinner Repeating vowel sounds is identified in the _____________ stage of the language development process. ✔✔babbling Uttering single words is in the ________________ stage of language development. ✔✔holophrastic When able to make a sentence with a subject, verb and object, the child is in the ____________ stage of language development. ✔✔Telegraphic A student is most likely experiencing ____ ______ when there is a sudden drop in their grades and the way they dress for school. ✔✔peer pressure A student being bullied is afraid to go to recess and walk home after school. What effect on learning and performance is this student experiencing? ✔✔A decrease in self-complacency A key concept of this theory is that people are innately good. ✔✔Humanistic theory of learning A key concept of this theory is interactive experiences. ✔✔Constructivism theory of learning [Show More]

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