AQA A-Level Biology, Chapter 10, Biodiversity Questions and Answers Rated A+

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AQA A-Level Biology, Chapter 10, Biodiversity Questions and Answers Rated A+ What is classification? The organisation of living organisms into groups What is a species? The basic unit of classif... ication, a group of organisms that have similar characteristics and are capable of breeding to produce fertile offspring What is the binomial naming system? Each species is identified by 2 names, the genus (generic name) and species (specific name) How are the binomial names written? In italics or underlines if handwritten, if the specific name is unknown it is written sp What two ways can individuals recognise members of their own species? They look similar and exhibit similar behviours How are courtship behaviours useful? They enable individuals to: recognise members of their own species which are capable of breeding, synchronise mating so it occurs at a useful time, form a pair bond in which to raise a child What is taxonomy? The theory and practice of biological classification What is artificial classification? Divides organisms according to differences which are useful at a time What is an analogous characteristic? Characteristics which serve the same function but do not have the same evolutionary origin, e.g. the wing of a bird and a butterfly What is phylogenetic classification? Based on the evolutionary relationships between organisms and their ancestors, arranges groups into a hierarchy which groups are contained in larger groups What is a homologous characteristic? Characteristics which have similar evolutionary origins but serve a different function, e.g. human arm, horse front leg, bird wing What is a taxon? A group within a phylogenetic biological classification 00:0201:27 What is the name of the highest taxonomic rank? The domain What are the 3 domains? Bacteria, Archaea, Eukarya What defines the domain bacteria? Single celled prokaryotic organisms, no membrane bound organelles, cell walls of murein, single loop of DNA with no histones How does the domain Archaea differ from the domain Bacteria? Their genes and protein synthesis is more similar to eukarya, there is no murein the the cell wall, more complex form of RNA polymerase, the membranes contain fatty acids attached to glycerol by ether linkages What defines the domain Eukarya Organisms made of one or more eukaryotic cells, membrane bound organelles, if they possess a cell wall it has no murein, larger ribosomes, the membranes contain fatty acids attached to glycerol by ester linkages What are the 6 kingdoms? Eubacteria, Archaebacteria, Protista, Fungi, Plantae, Animalia What 2 kingdoms are sometimes group together? Eubacteria and archaebacteria What is the order of the classification? Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species What is phylogeny? The evolutionary relationships between species What is a phylogenetic tree? A family tree showing how organisms are related to each other What is biodiversity? The number and variety of living organisms in a particular area What is species diversity? The number of different species and the number of individuals of each species in one community What is genetic diversity? The variety of genes possessed by individuals that make up a population of a species What is ecosystem diversity? The range of different habitats, from a small local habitat to the whole of earth What is the difference between a natural ecosystem and an agricultural ecosystem (genetically)? A reduction in the number of alleles due to selective breeding and less biodiversity What have humans been doing which reduces biodiversity? Removing marshland and hedges, creating monocultures of one species, over grazing fields so that the woodland cannot regenerate How do scientists determine the evolutionary relationships between species? Comparison of observable characteristics, comparison of DNA base sequences, comparison of amino acid sequences What is the problem with determining genetic diversity through observable characteristics? Many characteristics are determined by environmental influences or by multiple genes so it is difficult to detect a genetic change What is interspecific variation? Variation between species What is intraspecific variation? Variation within a species [Show More]

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