Emergency Medical Responder Exam 1

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Emergency Medical Responder Exam 1 What is an EMR's most important concern listed in their roles and responsibility? - ✔✔Their own personal safety. What is an EMR's responsibility? - ✔✔Size... up the scene, determine the patient's chief complaint, lift/move/reposition the patient when necessary, transfer the patient/patient information, protect the patient's privacy/maintain confidentiality, and be the patient's advocate. List the recognized levels of EMS Training. - ✔✔1. Emergency Medical Responder (EMS) 2. Emergency Medical Technician (EMT) 3. Advanced Emergency Medical Technician (AEMT) 4. Paramedic What is enhanced 911/E911 and what are their benefits? - ✔✔Enhanced 911 or E911 enables an emergency call to be selectively routed to the most appropriate dispatch center (PSAP - Public Safety Answering Point) and also allows communication centers to automatically receive caller information (phone number and address) just in case the call is lost. What are some traits required for an EMR when working with people? - ✔✔Be able to overlook rude behavior or unreasonable demands from the patient; always remain professional and compassionate; do not modify the care you provide based on religious beliefs, cultural expression, age, sex, social behavior, socioeconomic background, or geographic origin; be honest, realistic and able to control your feelings. What is On-line medical direction? - ✔✔Orders to perform a skill or administer care from the on-duty physician, given to the rescuer by radio/phone. What is Off-line medical direction? - ✔✔An EMS system's written standing orders and protocols, which authorize personnel to perform particular skills in certain situations without actually speaking to the medical director or her designating agent. What are Standing orders? - ✔✔The medical director's specific insert ions for specific medical conditions or injuries. What is a Scope of practice? - ✔✔The care that an Emergency Medical Responder, an Emergency Medical Technician or Paramedic is allowed and supposed to provide according to local, state, or regional regulations or statutes. What are Protocols? - ✔✔Written guidelines that direct the care EMS personnel provide for patients. What is Negligence? - ✔✔A failure to provide the expected standard of care. What are four elements that must prove negligence to be successful? - ✔✔1. Duty to act 2. Breach of duty 3. Damages 4. Causation Who are the acceptable people an EMR is able to provide patient information to? - ✔✔Other health care providers who are part of the continued care of the patient. What are the two types of consent? - ✔✔Expressed consent (a competent adult's decision to accept emergency care) and Informed consent ( consent granted by a patient after he has been appropriately informed of the care being suggested and associated consequences. What are two types of alert and oriented patients who can not give consent or refuse care? - ✔✔Children and Emancipated Minors What is assault? - ✔✔Restraining or threatening to restrain a patient against his or her wishes could result in a violation of criminal law and result in a charge of assault and/or battery. What is battery? - ✔✔Unlawful physical contact. What is a duty to act? - ✔✔A requirement that Emergency Medical Responders, at least while on duty, must provide care according to a set standard. What is the Good Samaritan Law? - ✔✔State laws designed to protect certain care providers if they deliver the standard of care in good faith, to the level of their training and to the best of their abilities. What are the routes foreign bodies can enter the body by? - ✔✔1. Ingestion (Swallowing) 2. Injection (needle stick, sting, bite) 3. Absorption (through the skin) 4. Inhalation (breathed in through the lungs) What are the four types of BSI (Body Substance Isolation) and what do they protect against? - ✔✔1. Synthetic gloves 2. Face shields/masks 3. Eye protection 4. Gowns The four types of BSI protect against infection, pathogens (viruses and bacteria) What are the four diseases of concern for an EMR and how are they transmitted? - ✔✔1. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) - transmitted with direct contact with non intact (open) skin or mucous membranes and with blood, semen, or other body fluids. 2. Hepatitis - transmitted with direct contact with the virus via objects or infected blood. 3. Tuberculosis - transmitted by aerosolized droplets in the air, via coughing or sneezing. 4. Meningitis - transmitted by respiratory droplets, like TB, but easier to contract. What are the appropriate BSI for the following four diseases: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), Hepatitis, Tuberculosis and Meningitis. - ✔✔HIV - Synthetic gloves, face shields/masks, eye protection, and gowns. Hepatitis - Synthetic gloves, face shields/masks, eye protection, and gowns. Tuberculosis - Synthetic gloves and face shields/masks. Meningitis - Synthetic gloves and face shields/masks. What is the single most important step in infection control? - ✔✔Making sure to always put on synthetic gloves.√ Who is responsible for the regulation of safety and healthcare guidelines? - ✔✔OSHA - U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration What are the developmental stages and their corresponding ages? - ✔✔1. Early Adulthood (18- 40 Years Old) 2. Middle Adulthood (40-60 Years Old) 3. Late Adulthood (60-End of Life) What are the different quadrants in the abdomen and the contents in each? - ✔✔1. Right Upper Quadrant (RUQ) - Contains most of the liver, gallbladder, and part of the small and large intestines. 2. Left Upper Quadrant (LUQ) - Contains most of the stomach, spleen and part of the small and large intestines and part of the liver. 3. Right Lower Quadrant (RLQ) - Contains the appendix and pat of the small and large intestines. 4. Left Lower Quadrant (LLQ) - Contains part of the small and large intestines. What is the anatomical position? - ✔✔The body is standing upright, facing the observer with arms down at the sides, and palms of the hands are facing forward. What is anterior (in terms of anatomy)? - ✔✔The front of the body or body part. What is posterior (in terms of anatomy)? - ✔✔The back of the body or body part. What is midline (in terms of anatomy)? - ✔✔An imaginary vertical line used to divide the body into right and left halves. What is medial (in terms of anatomy)? - ✔✔Toward the midline of the body. What is lateral (in terms of anatomy)? - ✔✔To the side, away from the midline of the body. What is superior (in terms of anatomy)? - ✔✔Toward the head. What is inferior (in terms of anatomy)? - ✔✔Toward the feet. What is proximal (in terms of anatomy)? - ✔✔Closer to the torso. What is distal (in terms of anatomy)? - ✔✔Farther away from the torso. What is supine (in terms of anatomy)? - ✔✔The patient is lying face up. what is prone (in terms of anatomy)? - ✔✔The patient is lying face down. What is lateral recumbent (in terms of anatomy)? - ✔✔The patient is lying on their side. What are the functions of the respiratory system? - ✔✔The exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide; warms, filters and moisturizes the air as it enters the body. What piece of equipment would be used to move a patient down flights of stairs? - ✔✔A chair or a commercial stair chair. What are some guidelines when attempting to restrain a combative patient (know at least five)? - ✔✔1. Ensure that you have adequate assistance. 2. Clearly plan that action so all participants are clear about their responsibilities. 3. Stay outside the patient's range of motion until ready to act. 4. Once the plan is clear, act immediately. 5. Approach the patient all at once, with each assistant assigned to control a particular limb. 6. Talk to the patient calmly during the restraining process. 7. Secure all limbs with appropriate restraining equipment. 8. Do not secure the patient face down. 9. Consider administering supplemental oxygen by nonrebreather mask. 10. Following restraint, check that patient's ABCs often. 11. Clearly document the reason for restraining the patient as well as the procedure and equipment used. 12. Ensure the group used only the force required to effectively restrain the patient. What are three examples where an emergency move must be executed? - ✔✔1. The patient and/or rescuers are in immediate danger. 2. Lifesaving care cannot be given because of the patient's location or position. 3. A patient must be moved to gain access to other patients who need lifesaving care. What are some good techniques for safe moving? - ✔✔1. Proper feet position. 2. Lift with your legs (power lift). 3. When lifting an object with one hand, avoid leaning to either side. Why is the tongue the most common cause of airway obstruction? - ✔✔In an unresponsive patient, the tongue can drop into the back of the throat, causing a partial or complete airway obstruction. What are two ways to manually open the airway, and describe how they are used. - ✔✔1. HeadTilt/Chin-Lift Maneuver - One hand on the forehead and two fingers on the chin. Gently told head back, while lifting the chin. 2. Jaw-Thrust Maneuver - Index and middle fingers on either sides of the angle of the jaw. Press thumbs against the cheekbones for leverage and life the jaw forward, making sure not to tilt or rotate the head. What is the difference between an infant or child's airway compared to an adult's airway? - ✔✔In infants or children, the mouth and nose area smaller and more easily obstructed, and the tongue takes up more space in the mouth and throat. What happens to the lungs, diaphragm and airways during a normal respiration cycle? - ✔✔A breath goes in, chest volume increases, pressure decreases, automatically expanding the lungs. When pressure inside the lung is less than pressure in the atmosphere, air rushes inside the lungs. What are the names of the airways adjuncts and when do we know when to use them? - ✔✔1. Oropharyngeal Airway (OPA) - for use on unresponsive patients who do not have a gag reflex. 2. Nasopharyngeal Airways (NPA) - for use on a patient who is not totally unresponsive or has a gag reflex. How long can the brain go without oxygen before becoming brain dead? - ✔✔10 Minutes What is a BVM used for and what is its the oxygen percentage? - ✔✔Used to ventilate a non breathing patient or patients with inadequate respirations; a bvm will deliver 21% oxygen from room air, but will deliver 100% oxygen when used with an oxygen tank. What is SAMPLE? - ✔✔S- Signs/Symptoms A- Allergies M- Medications P- Pertinent Medical History L- Last Oral Intake E- Events Leading to What is OPQRSTI? - ✔✔O- Onset P- Provocation Q- Quality R- Region/Radiating S- Severity T- Time/Trending I- Interventions What are the acronyms used for Primary Assessment? - ✔✔AAMBIRPC & AVPU What is AAMBIRPC? - ✔✔A- Age, Sex, Race A- Audible Breath Sounds M- Mechanism of Injury (MOI)/ Nature of Illness (NOI) B- Body Fluids R- Responsiveness (AVPU) P- Position C- Color What is AVPU? - ✔✔A- Alert V- Verbal P- Pain U- Unresponsive What is GBREAD? - ✔✔G- Guarding B- Bruising R- Rigidity E- Evisceration A- AAA D- Distention What is PRBABES? - ✔✔P- Pulse R- Respiration B- Breath Sounds A- AVPU B- Blood Pressure E- Eyes (PRRL -- Pupils, Round, Reactive to Light) What is PMS? - ✔✔P- Pulses M- Motor S- Sensory What acronyms do you used to assess a patient's medical history? - ✔✔OPQRSTI & SAMPLE What acronyms are used during the physical exam? - ✔✔DCAPBTLS & MISSJA What is DCAPBTLS? - ✔✔D- Deformities C- Contusions A- Abrasions P- Penetrating B- Burns T- Tenderness L- Lacerations S- Swelling What is MISSJA? - ✔✔M- Medic Alert I- Inline Trachea S- Stoma S- Subcutaneous Emphysema J- Jugular Vein Distention A- Accessory Muscle Use What is AEIOUTIPS? - ✔✔A- Alcohol E- Epilepsy, Environment I - Insulin, Diabetic Emergency O- Overdose U- Uremia, Renal Failure, Electrolytes T- Trauma (shock, head injury), Toxins I- Infections P- Psychiatric S- Stroke, Sepsis What is PRRL? - ✔✔Pupils, Round and Reactive to Light. 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