NES Special Education - Practice Questions with Certified Answers

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NES Special Education - Practice Questions with Certified Answers Reading Levels ✔✔95-100% Independent Level 90-95% Instructional Level Less than 90% Frustration Level Dyscalculia ✔✔Defin... es a range of difficulties in math, such as the inability to understand numbers' meanings, measurements, patterns,mathematical terms and the application of mathematic principals. Early clues include a young child's inability to group items by size or color, recognize patterns or understand the meaning or order of numbers. Dysgraphia ✔✔Dysgraphic individuals cannot manage the physical acct of writing. While many dysgraphics are highly intelligent and able to express themselves cogently, they have extreme difficulty holding a writing implement and shaping letters. Dyslexic reader uses this _____ side(s) of the brain, while non-dyslexics use this side_____ ✔✔Both Sides Left Side Side effect of antidepressant ✔✔Increased, persistent thirst from dry cottony mouth (lasts for a few weeks) Diabetic Hypoglycemia ✔✔Also known as insulin reaction, occurs when blood sugar falls to a very low level. It is important to treat it quickly or the diabetic could faint. Symptoms: irritable, pale, trembling, covered in fine sweat, acts confused Autism Spectrum Disorder is also known as: ✔✔Pervasive Spectrum Disorders (PSD) Language Load is.... ✔✔The number of unrecognizable words an ELL encounters when reading or listening. Language load is one of the barriers ELLs face. Rephrasing, dividing complex sentences into smaller units and teaching essential vocabulary before the student begins reading are all strategies which can lighten the load. When working with ELLs, teachers should.... ✔✔Avoid idioms and slang; involve students in hands-on activities; reference students' prior knowledge; speak slowly. Involve students in hands-on activities such as group reading and language play to make experiences more meaningful and more immediate. New knowledge can only be absorbed by attaching it to prior knowledge so referencing what students already know is essential. Speaking slow is important or processing. Word Recognition ✔✔Process of identifying a word's meaning and pronunciation. Especially important for ELLs and students with reading disabilities. Assessing silent reading fluency can be accomplished best by.... ✔✔Giving a 3 minute test of silent contextual reading fluency four times a year. Explicit instruction includes: ✔✔Clarifying the goal, modeling strategies and offering explanations geared to a student's level of understanding. Well-organized teaching that offers simple steps and frequent references to previously learned material defines explicit instruction. What is an ORF? ✔✔Oral Reading Fluency Assessment. Also called a curriculum based measurement -- 1-minute assessment in which the student reads a grade level text aloud & errors are noted. The 4 types of Bilingual Special Education Instructional Delivery Models include: ✔✔1. Bilingual Support Model - teams bilingual para with English speaking special educators to assist with IEP implementation 2. Coordinated Services Model - consists of English speaking special ed teacher and bilingual educator. 3. Integrated Bilingual Special Ed - bilingual special education teachers give instruction in native language and ESL training and transition assistance as proficiency gained. 4. Bilingual Special Ed Model - integrates all school personnel who focus on bilingual special education instruction. A Cloze Test evaluates a student's: ✔✔Understanding of context and vocabulary. A Cloze test presents a reader with a text in which certain words are blocked out. The reader must determine probably missing words based on context clues. In order to supply the words, the reader must already know them. What is the best way for 1st/2nd graders to learn sight words? ✔✔Memorize lists by using techniques like songs, mnemonic devices and other fun activities. Sight words cannot be decoded. Phonological Awareness activities are: ✔✔Oral. Phonological awareness is the understanding of the sounds within a spoken word. While phonological awareness contributes to fluent reading skills, activities designed to develop and awareness of word-sounds are oral. The ability to use tactics to understand the meaning of unfamiliar words, know words have multiple meanings, use prior knowledge to figure out word meaning are elements of this: ✔✔Word-recognition. Include strategies to decode unfamiliar words,consider alternate word meanings to decode a text and the ability to apply prior knowledge to determine a word's meaning. Emergent Writers pass through the following stages ✔✔1. scripting the end-sound to a word 2. leaving space between words 3. Writing from the top left to the top right and from top to bottom of the page. Collaborative Strategic Reading (CSR) depends upon which two practices? ✔✔Cooperative learning and reading comprehension. CSR is group of 4 reading strategies that students with learning disabilities can use to decipher and understand texts. Small groups of students at various reading levels support one another by going through the strategies as they read aloud or silently. Before reading, the group previews, applying prior knowledge and prediction. Next readers target words or syllables they didn't understand called clunks and apply a number of strategies to decode the clunks. Third, students get the gist by determining the most important character, setting, event or idea. Finally, the students wrap it up by creating questions to discuss their understanding of the text and summarize its meaning. What is a Maze test (type of a cloze test)? ✔✔A Cloze test offers text with key words blanked out and the student must determine the most likely words based upon context and vocabulary. A Maze test offers a number of possible answers and the student must read very carefully in order to make the correct selection. The 4 required activities described by the Assistive Technology Act are: ✔✔1. Public awareness program 2. Coordinating activities among state agencies 3. Technical assistance and training 4. Outreach to underrepresented and rural populations [Show More]

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