University of Houston, Downtown - MGT 3332exam 2 review.

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Final exam review MGT 3332 Ch 1 qualitative People who work in the field of operations have skills that include both knowledge and people skills. Operations managers are responsible for assessin... g consumer wants and needs and selling and promoting the organizations goods and services. Goods-producing organizations are not involved in service activities. The greater the degree of customer involvement, the more challenging the design and management of operations. Service often requires relatively greater labor content when compared to manufacturing. Service operations require additional inventory because of the unpredictability of consumer demand. The fact that a few improvements in a few key areas of operations will have more impact than many improvements in many other areas is consistent with the: Which of the following is a system in which low skilled workers use specialized equipment to produce high volumes of standardized goods? Buying goods or services instead of producing or providing them in-house is called: Which of the following refers to service and production processes that use resources in ways that do not harm ecological systems? Production systems with customized outputs typically have relatively: Marketing depends on operations for information regarding: Modern firms increasingly rely on other firms to supply goods and service instead of doing these tasks themselves. This increased level of _____ is leading to increased emphasis on ______management. If one organization is better able than most to respond to changes in demands or opportunities, we say that organization exhibits higher: Which is not an area of significant difference between manufacturing and service operations? Which of the following is not a characteristic of service operations? Ch 2 The hierarchy and sequence of planning and decision making is: mission, organizational strategy, tactics and operational decisions. Productivity is directly related to the ability of an organization to compete. If people would only work harder, productivity would increase. Standardization has the advantage of reducing variability. An example of an operational operations management decision is inventory level management. An organization that is twice as productive as its competitor will be twice as profitable. Productivity is defined as the ratio of output to input. Environmental scanning is a search for events or trends that present either threats or opportunities to the organization. Tracking productivity measures over time enables managers to judge organizational performance and decide where improvements are needed. A characteristic that was once an order winner may become an order qualifier. An example of a strategic operations management decision is the choice of where to locate. Which of these factors would be least likely to affect productivity? Which of the following is not among the chief reasons organizations fail? Productivity is expressed as: Which of the following would be least important in the pursuit of a time-based strategy? Years ago in the overnight delivery, providing package tracking capability gave some firms a competitive advantage. Now, all firms must offer this capability simply to be in this line of business. This is an example of _____becoming_____ over time. The fundamental purpose for the existence of any organization is described by its: The balanced scorecard is a useful for helping managers translate their strategy into action in the following areas: Product design and choice of location are examples of _____ decisions. The external elements of SWOT analysis are: Which of the following is least likely to affect the cost an organization incurs in producing its products or services? Productivity growth can be calculated by: In an assembly operation at a furniture factory, six employees assembled an average of 450 standard dininig chairs per five day week. What is the labor productivity of this operation? Ch 4 Qualitative Which of the following is not one of the 3 r’s? The process of dismantling and inspecting a competitor’s new or revised product for the purpose of gleaning design idea is called: One structure approach for integrating customer requirements inot every aspect of product development is: One way to increase reliability is to: The term “degrees of newness” is associated with: A formal way to ensure customer requirements are factored into the product and service development process is: Which of the following is not an advantage of standardization? Which of these pairs of function would tend to be affected most dramatically by a product or service redesign? The term “standardization” is closely associated with: Excitement characteristics are categories in the _____ model. Concurrent engineering is another term for sequential development. Concurrent engineering involves simultaneous product and production development. In concurrent engineering people concerned with manufacturing are actively engaged in the design phase. Computer-aided design CAD tends to greatly increase designers’ productivity Ch6 qualitative -Continuous processing is the best way to produce customized output. -In general, job-shop systems have lower unit cost than continuous systems do because continuous systems use costly specialized equipment. -Continuous production systems are typically very rigid and costly to change. -A job-shop processing system generally requires less-skilled workers than a continuous processing system. -As a general rule, continuous processing system produce products with very little variety. -in which type of operation are you likely to see, at most, only minor variations in the product or service being produced using the same process and the same equipment? -Job shops tend to be_____ while continuous processes tend to be_______. -the estimation od costs is generally most difficult when the _______ process has been chosen. -Key aspects of the process selection challenge include ______and _____. -The type of processing system which is used for highly standardized product is: -The substitution of machinery that has sensing and control devices for human labor is best described by the term: -Process choice is ____ driven. 8 Ch qualitative -Web based, retail businesses should be located near the customer to reduce their long distance phone charges. -You cannot make a mistake by locating where labor costs are low. -For service and retail stores, a prime factor in location analysis is customer access. -The center of gravity method uses the earth’s center to establish starting grid coordinates in three dimensions. -For service organizations, the dominant factors in location analysis usually ae market-related. -The center of gravity method is used to _____travel time or shipping costs. -Nearness to raw materials would be most important to a: -For service firms such as banks and supermarkets, location decisions ae critical elements of _____ strategy. -In regards to supply chain management and the location decision, a primary challenge is to address _____ distribution. -Some communities offer financial and other incentives to _____ new businesses. -Retail businesses often engage in _____ the tendency to locate in close proximity to one another. -when a location evaluation includes both quantitative and qualitative inputs, a technique that can be used is: Ch 9 qualitative -Quality od design refers to the intention of the designers to include or exclude certain features in a product or service based on marketing and other information. -Cosby’s concept of “quality is free” means that it is less expensive to do it right initially than to do it over. -Cost of inspectors, testing, test equipment, and labs are examples of prevention costs. -If the majority of service customers are satisfied, it is likely that all service customers will be satisfied. -Deming stresses that workers are primarily responsible for poor quality because very often they fail to follow instructions. -Quality of conformance refers to the degree to which goods and services conform to the intent of the designers as documented in the specifications. -A control chart is a visual representation of the steps in a process. -A quality circle is a management team focused on implementing major changes to improve quality. -Broadly defined, quality refers to the ability of a product or service to occasionally meet or exceed customer expectations. -TQM expands the traditional view of quality beyond looking only at the quality of the final product or service to looking at the quality of every aspect of the process. -The primary difference between internal failures and external failures is time and place of discovery of the failure. -Three key philosophies in TQM ae continuous improvement, involvement of everyone in the organization, and customer satisfaction. -Medical malpractice claims are an example of how poor quality can affect an organization through liability. -Juran describes quality management as a trilogy that consists of quality planning, quality control, and quality improvement. -An organization achieves quality by consistently meeting its competitors’ standards. -Which is not a cost of quality? EXTENDED SERVICE CONTRACT COSTS -The tool that is useful in documenting the current process is a: FLOWCHART -Six sigma programs involve both _____ and _____ components. MANAGERIAL; TECHNICAL -Before a dimension of quality can be made operationally useful, it must be restated in some _____ form. -Costs of inspectors, testing, test equipment, and labs are examples of: -The deming prize was established by the: -If customer satisfaction does not always lead to customer loyalty, firms may need to focus additional effort on _____ strategies. -Lost production time, scrap and rework are examples of: -The quality tool that resembles a “fishbone” is: -TQM stands for: -Total quality management: -Which of these is not a cost of quality? -Design for six sigma programs offer a set of quality standards accepted by all industries. Ch 10 quantitative -A process that exhibits random variability would be judged to be out of control. -A control chart of any type answers the question, “ is my process in control?” -Each chart has which three components? -The R chart focuses on which performance measure? -Process “capability” means the ability to produce at high throughput. -The Cp measure of capability assumes which thing? -The Cpk measure uses which of the following as inputs? -A control chart used to monitor the process mean is the: -The purpose of control charts is to: -The amount of inspection needed depends on ______ and _____. -Process capability compares process variability to the tolerances. -If a point on a control chart falls outside one of the control limits, this suggests that the process output is nonrandom and should be investigated. -A control chart used to monitor the fraction of defectives generated by a process is the : -________ variation is a variation whose cause can be identified. CH 13 The rate of demand is an important factor in demanding the ROP. Carrying cost is a function of order size; the larger the order quantity, the higher the inventory carrying cost. The objective of inventory management is to minimize the cost of holding inventory. To provide satisfactory levels of customer service while keeping inventory costs within reasonable bounds, two fundamental decisions must be made about inventory: when to order and how much to order. Variability in demand and/or lead time can be compensated for by safety stock. One important use of inventories in manufacturing is to decouple operations through the use of work-in-process inventories. Interest, insurance, and opportunity costs are all associated with holding costs. The overall objective of inventory management is to achieve satisfactory levels of customer service while keeping inventory costs reasonable. Using the EOQ model, the higher an item’s carrying costs, the more frequently it will be ordered. Which one of the following is not generally a determinant of the reorder point? Which of the following is typically the largest of all inventory costs? Which of the following is not one of the assumptions of the basic EOQ model? In a supermarket, a vendor’s restocking the shelves every Monday morning is an example of: The need for safety stocks can be reduced by an operations strategy which: A risk avoider would want MORE safety stock. Dairy items, fresh fruit, and newspapers are items that Which of the following interactions with vendors would potentially lead to inventory reductions? The newsvendor model works well for perishable products. The newsvendor model balances which two costs. The basic calculation in the newsvendor model will result in a calculation of: CH 14 In the Toyota Production System, waste and inefficiency are referred to as and the ongoing effort to reduce this is referred to as Which of the following is not characteristic of preventive maintenance in lean systems? A common objective of both MRP and the lean philosophy is to: A push system requires a high degree of coordination between production stations. A pull system is likely to struggle to meet demand during demand spikes. Which of the following statements is of push and pull systems? One problem with lean operations is that they can lead to much stress on workers due to their increased responsibility for process and quality improvement. A lean-system method of asking questions about a process is the 5W2H approach. A conveyance KANBAN signals parts movement The lean philosophy suggests that workers are: With regard to suppliers, lean systems typically require: The four building blocks of lean operations are: product design, process design, personnel/organizational elements, and manufacturing planning and control. The ultimate goal in a lean system is: The ultimate goal of lean operations is a system characterized by the smooth, rapid flow of materials. In a pull system, the accumulation of excessive inventory in front of a workstation is avoided even if there are problems such as equipment failure at that workstation which prevent it from completing its work. The five S’s do not include: The ultimate goal of lean operations is to have: Which of the following would not contribute to making services more lean? Although transitioning to a lean system can be a powerful means of improving performance, some believe that using SIX SIGMA along with lean can lead to even better results. Having a vendor be responsible for managing the restocking of inventory is what is meant by the term: JIT II Preventive maintenance is additional maintenance done immediately after a breakdown has occurred to help prevent any further breakdowns. Which of the following does not contribute to reduced setup time and cost? In a lean environment, anything not essential to the product or process is viewed as waste. CH 15 Which of the following is not a goal of supply chain management? The more GLOBAL a company’s supply chain, the more difficult it is to ensure that the supply chain is managed ethically. Decentralized purchasing can usually offer quicker response than centralized purchasing. Small changes in consumer demand can result in large variations in orders placed because of the: Which of the following is not a benefit of centralized purchasing? Delayed differentiation is a means of increasing product variety without building the customized product from scratch or keeping large inventories of custom products. Real-time information about product movement on store shelves could benefor from the use of: The purchasing perspective of the supplier as a partner is characterized by: OUTSOURCING has/have helped firms to concentrate on their core business. Returned goods are part of reverse logistics. Bullwhip effect refers to a phenomenon in which demand variations that exist at the customer end of the supply chain are magnified as orders are generated back through the supply chain. Logistics includes all of these except: Which of the following would not usually be a main factor in selecting a vendor? Which of the following is not a benefit of effective supply chain management? The website and order fulfillment are essential features of: An advantage of decentralized of decentralized purchasing is the attention given to local needs. Disintermediation occurs when the traditional retailer or service provider is reduced or eliminated in a supply chain. Important factors in purchasing include the cost of goods purchased, the quality of goods and services, and the timing of deliveries of goods or services. Which of the following is least likely to be a key consideration when a company chooses a supplier? Vendor analysis is the process that evaluates the source of supply in terms of price, quality, reputation, and service. CH 17 quantitative Which of the following would probably not involve the use of PERT? WRITING A POEM The costs associated with risk events tend to be lower near the beginning of a project and higher near the end of the project. Some organizations use a matrix organizations to integrate the activities of specialists within a functional framework. A popular visual tool for planning and schedule simple projects, and for monitoring progress, is the: The sum of times of the longest path in a network indicates expected project duration, and the activities represent the critical activities. A method used for establishing a local framework for identifying the required activities for the project is called: Activities not on the critical path have a slack time equal to zero. The probability of occurrence of risk events is lower near the beginning of a project and higher near the end of the project since very few activities remain. A hierarchical listing of what must be done during a project is called matrix: In a project network, the critical path is the sequence of activities which has the: To CRASH an activity means to shorten the time it will take. The standard deviation of the critical path is equal to the sum of the standard deviations of all of the activities on the critical path. Matrix organizations transfer control of workers to project managers for the duration of the project. If two consecutive activities on the same path each have two days of activity slack, this means that each of them can be delayed by two days without delaying the project. One way that project management differs from management of more traditional activities is because of the limited time framework of projects. Ch 18 quantitative “Queuing” means the scientific study of the use of the letter Q in the English language. Which of the following results in waiting lines? Which of the are the components of a queuing system? What can managers do with queuing theory? A single-phase queuing system is one which has a single: In which of these settings would one be least likely to encounter first-come service? A customer growing frustrated with the wait and leaving the facility (without being served) sis an example of: Little’s law states that the average number of people in a waiting line is the average customer arrival rate multiplied by the: A basic difference between infinite-source and finite-source queuing models is the: Waiting lines occur even in underloaded systems because of variability in service rates and/or arrivals rates. A system has one service facility that can service 10 customers per hour. The customers arrive at a variable rate, which averages six per hour. Since there is excess capacity, no waiting lines will form. The goal of queuing analysis is to balance the cost of providing a level of service capacity with the possible loss of business due to customers leaving the line or refusing to wait. For a system that has a low utilization ratio, decreasing service capacity slightly will have only negligible effect on customer waiting time. An approach to reducing the variability in processing times might include greater standardization. To reduce the average number waiting in line, it is important to increase utilization. [Show More]

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