Indiana QMA Medications Questions and Answers 100% Verified

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Indiana QMA Medications Questions and Answers 100% Verified Dementia Medications: slows the breakdown of acetylcholine therefore improving function of nerve cells in the brain ✔✔To treat mild ... to moderate type Dementias. donepezil (Aricept), rivastigmine (Exelon), galantamine (Reminyl) SE: GI upsets, dizziness, headache, fatigue Tricyclic Antidepressants: increases norepinephrine, serotonin or both in the CNA *Avoid sun exposure, may take up to 4 weeks to take affect ✔✔To treat depression. amitriptyline HCL (Elavil), nortriptyline HCL (Pamelor, Aventyl), paroxetine HCL (Paxil), sertraline HCL (Zoloft), fluoxetine HCL (Prozac), escitalopram (Lexapro) SE: seizures, heart irregularities, constipation, urinary retention, diarrhea MAOI Antidepressants: decreases the amount of norepinephrine destroyed by metabolism and allows level to increase in brain *Avoid foods containing high tyramine (cheese, fish, liver, baked potatoes, yogurt, beer, wine) ✔✔To treat depression. phenelzine sulfate (Nardil), tranylcypromine sulfate (Parnate) SE: muscle tremors, heart irregularities, diarrhea, sweating, constipation Bipolar/Manic-Depressive Disorder Meds: alters chemical transmitters in the CNS *Provide adequate salt and juice intake to prevent toxicity ✔✔To control and prevent manic episodes. lithium (Lithonate, Lithotabs), divalproex sodium (Depakote) SE: lethargy, nausea, tremor, muscle weakness Anxiolytics: acts selectively on the CNS to affect the mind *Abrupt w/d may cause seizures, prolonged use may cause Tardive dyskinesia ✔✔To control or prevent nervousness/anxiety. diazepam (Valium), chlordiazepoxide (Librium), hydroxyzine (Atarax, Vistaril), lorazepam (Ativan), alprazolam (Xanax), buspirone hydrocholoride (Buspar) SE: drowsiness, dizziness, blurred vision, dry mouth, constipation, impaired coordination, decreased respirations Antipsychotics (neuroleptics): acts selectively on the CNS to affect the mind *Abrupt w/d may cause seizures, prolonged use may cause Tardive dyskinesia ✔✔To treat mental illness, delusions, hallucinations. thioridazine HCL (Mellaril), chlorpromazine (Thorazine), haloperidol (Haldol), risperidone (Risperdal), olanzapine (Zyprexa), loxapine (Loxitane), quetiapine (Seroquel), ziprasidone (Geodon), thiothixene (Navane), perphenazine (Trilafon), aripiprazole (Abilify), fluphenazine (Prolixin), trifluoperazine (Stelazine) SE: thirst awareness, Tardive dyskinesia Antineoplastics: kills or slows the growth of cancer cells *Avoid alcohol, monitor for bleeding ✔✔To treat cancer. procarbazine HCL (Matulane), hydroxyurea (Hydrea, Droxia) SE: n/v, hair loss, decreased WBC Hormones/Antineoplastic: given in groups to attack cancer cells at different stages of development *often given in combo w antiemetics, steroids, psychotropics, and diuretics to help tolerate ✔✔To treat cancer, hormone replacement therapy. megestrol acetate (Megace) SE: n/v, weakness, hair loss, decreased WBC Antiseptics/Disinfectants: prevent growth and reproduction of microorganisms ✔✔To prevent infections. Antiseptics: Betadine, Betagen, Dakin's solution Disinfectant: Alcohol Sulfonamides (Sulfa Drugs): acts on specific bacteria *Give with plenty of fluids ✔✔To treat UTI and GI infections. trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole (Bactrim, Septra DS), sulfisoxazole (Gantrisin) SE: headache, nausea, abdominal pain Antibiotics: kills or prevents growth of specific germs *Administer at same time each day, some w and some without food. ✔✔To treat various infections. penicillin V, ampicillin (Omnipen, Principen), amoxicillin trihydrate (Amoxil), cephalexin (Keflex, Duricef, Ancef, Kefzol, Keftab), cefaclor (Ceclor), doxycyline (Vibramycin), tetracycline HCL (Achromycin), erythromycin base (E-Mycin, Eryc), erythormycin estolate (Ilosone), erythromycin ethylsuccinate (EES) SE: n/v, hives, rash, anaphylactic reaction, sun sensitivity, UTI, vaginitis, diarrhea Antivirals: prevents HIV virus from multiplying in the body ✔✔To prevent multiplication of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus in the body. zidovudine (AZT, Azidothymidine), saquinavir (Fortovase), ritonavir (Norvir), indinavir sulfate (Crixivan), nelfinavir (Viracept) SE: diarrhea, nausea, abdominal discomfort, acid regurgitation Vaccine and Toxoids: stimulate the body to produce its own immunity (antibodies) *Influenza vaccine contraindicated in persons with allergies to feathers, chicken, or eggs ✔✔To prevent disease. tetanus toxoid, measles, mumps, rubella vaccine (MMR), pneumococcal (Pneumovax-23), influenza virus (Fluogen), hepatitis B vaccine (Engerix-B, Recombivax HB) SE: allergic reaction, pain/swelling at injection site, rash, fever, flu-like symptoms, convulsions Iron Minerals: replaces iron in the body *dilute liquid prep in juice or water, may cause black tarry stools, do not crush, do not administer with antacids ✔✔To treat iron deficiency anemia. ferrous sulfate (Feosol, Slow-Fe) SE: nausea, insomnia, constipation, diarrhea Potassium Minerals: replaces and maintains potassium levels *administer during or after meals with full glass of water, completely dissolve powders before giving, do not crush solid forms ✔✔To treat potassium deficiency. potassium chloride (Micro-K, Kaochlor, Klor-Con, Slow-K, K-tab, K-Lor, K-Lyte) SE: listlessness, mental confusion, cardiac arrythmias, GI irritation Calcium Minerals: reduces acid load in the GI tract, replaces calcium *do not give w milk or milk products ✔✔To treat osteoporosis and dyspepsia calcium carbonate (Tums, Os-Cal) SE: Calcium deposits for in joints Multivitamins: source of vitamins and minerals *do not crush, administer with food ✔✔To supplement diet, promote wound healing. Poly-Visol, Therabid, Thergan SE: itching, diarrhea, nausea Niacinamide Vitamin: necessary for fat metabolism ✔✔To lower cholesterol, treat Meniere's Disease, vasodilator Vitamin B3, Nicotinic Acid SE: headache, facial flushing, itching, jaundice, postural hypotension Folic Acid Vitamin: necessary for normal erythropoiesis (formation of RBC) and nucleoprotein synthesis *protect med from light and heat ✔✔To treat liver disease and alcoholism Vitamin B9 SE: rash, malaise, bronchospasms as an allergic reaction Ascorbic Acid Vitamin: necessary for collagen formation and tissue repair *store in light resistant container, check expiration ✔✔To treat burns, wounds, fractures, and aid in treating viral infections Vitamin C SE: diarrhea, renal calculi Pyridoxine HCL: necessary for amino acid metabolism *do not give to persons receiving Levodopa ✔✔To treat B6 deficiency especially due to INH therapy Vitamin B6 SE: drowsiness Thiamine HCL: necessary for carb metabolism *Store in air tight, light resistant, non-metal container ✔✔To treat alcoholism, GI disease, cirrhosis Vitamin B1 SE: restlessness, diarrhea, anaphylactic reaction, sweating, nausea, hypotension Anti-Parkinson's Medications: relieve tremors and muscular weakness, treatment of extrapyramidal effects of major psychotropics *provide adequate hydration, measures to promote voiding ✔✔To treat symptoms of Parkinson's Disease benztropine mesylate (Cogentin), trihexyphenidyl HCL (Artane), levodopa (Larodopa, L-Dopa), levodopa and carbidopa (Sinemet), amantadine (Symmetrel), selegiline (Elepryl) SE: dizziness, postural hypotension, drowsiness, blurred vision, difficulty voiding, dry mouth, GI upset Anticonvulsants: depress abnormal neuronal disharges in the CNS *observe mouth for red, swollen, bleeding gums, encourage good oral hygiene (meds can cause overgrowth of gum tissue) ✔✔To stop or prevent convulsions or seizures. phenytoin sodium (Dilantin), cabamazepine (Tegretol), valproic acid (Depakene), divalproex sodium (Depakote), phenobarbitol (Luminal), primidone (Mysoline), gabapentin (Neurontin) SE: swelling or redness of gums, drowsiness, dizziness, double vision, tremors, confusion Sedative/Hypnotics: decrease sensitivity of the nervous system *try nonpharm measures first to promote sleep, ensure resident swallows the med, monitor closely ✔✔To reduce physical and mental activity, control convulsions, produce sleep. chloral hydrate (Aqua chloral), flurazepam HCL (Dalmane, Somnol), triazolam (Halcion), phenobarbital (Luminal), zolpidem (Ambien), temazepam (Restoril) SE: rash, nausea, dependence, morning after drowsiness, short term memory loss, excited instead of sedated Analgesic/Non-narcotic/Antipyretic: decreases sensitivity of the nervous system *administering with food can reduce GI upset, always try non-pharm measures first for pain control ✔✔To relieve pain. acetylsalicylic acid (ASA), aspirin, acetaminophen (Tylenol), buffered aspirin (Ascriptin, Bufferin), NSAIDs, propoxyphene (Darvon), Darvocet N100 SE: dizziness, confusion, nausea, interferes with blood clotting, skin rash Depressants: decrease sensitivity of nervous system *may be addicting, report respirations less than 12 prior to giving, always try non-pharm measure first ✔✔To relieve pain. morphine sulfate (Duramorph, Epinorph, MS contin, Roxanol, codeine, meperidine HCL (Demerol), oxycodone HCL (Percodan, Roxicodone SE: constipation, n/v, diaphoresis, confusion, respiratory distress, decreased BP Cerebral Stimulants: speed up brain activity and in turn speeds up body activity *should be given early in day, avoid caffeine, monitor vitals ✔✔To improve cognitive awareness and treat ADD methylphenidate (Ritalin), dextroamphetamine sulfate (Dexedrine), caffeine SE: excitement, dizziness, dry mouth, restlessness, palpitations, increased pulse and BP, anorexia, insomnia [Show More]

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