Grand Canyon University - PSY 550 Final Exam 2 Q&A 2020 VERSION *ACE IT

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For each of the following examples, explain whether the researcher has made a correct decision or has made a Type 1 or Type 2 error. Explain why. 1. Dr. G rejects the null hypothesis although the in... dependent variable had no effect. 2. Dr. R rejects the null hypothesis when it is false. 3. Although the independent variable had an effect, Dr. E does not reject the null hypothesis 1. Dr. G rejects the null hypothesis although the independent variable had no effect. This problem would be a type I error because there is no proof that shows that the null hypothesis was false. A Type I error is made when the null hypothesis is true and is rejected. Dr. G rejected the null hypothesis without completely knowing if the null hypothesis is false. 2. Dr. R rejects the null hypothesis when it is false. This would be a corrected decision. Again, we reject the null hypothesis if it is false and that is what happened in this scenario. 3. Although the independent variable had an effect, Dr. E does not reject the null hypothesis. This is a Type II error. A type II error happens as a type of false positive. Meaning, that Dr. E failed to reject a null hypothesis that is actually false. Explain the value of reversal designs (ABA designs) in single-case research. This type of research can be extremely helpful. For example, reversal designs in single-case research allows researchers to obtain repeated measures. In this type of design, the researcher tries to verify the effects of the independent variable by "reversing" the roles. This causes more consistency within the study and is accurately measured under controlled conditions. This reduces types of errors as well. Explain how a one-way analysis of variance works. How do you use between- and within-group variability? A one-way analysis of variance is used when trying to understand if there are any significant differences between the means of three (or more) independent groups. 1. Between group variability is used to understand the differences among different groups. For example, we may be determining how groups are different from one another. In between group variability, it includes two or more groups. 2. Within-group variability shows the differences among members that are a part of the same group. After watching nursery-school children, Ken Garoo wants to test the hypothesis that some toys are more fun to play with than others. He decides to compare “fun” toys (blocks) with “unfun” toys (stuffed animals). He also wishes to see if there is a sex difference, as well, so sex is added as an independent variable. A) What kind of design is needed? B) [Show More]

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