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SOPHIA UNIT 1 philosophy milestone For Plato, the Forms are the (A) metaphysical foundation of reality, which means that knowledge of reality is grounded in knowledge of the Forms. Choose the ... false statement about a central theme of the Greek atomists. A philosophical atom is the same as a chemical atom. Atoms come in different shapes and sizes, and can exist in a number of ways. Everything that exists is either an atom or a collection of atoms. All reality is composed of atoms in a void. According to Aristotle’s ethics, which question should Nancy ask herself? Are there possible consequences of this action that could harm me? What kind of person should I be? How can I reach a compromise? Why is this action right, and why is it wrong? 4 In the Apology, Socrates states that a good person does what he knows to be right despite . negative personal consequences the wisdom of the gods the laws of man risking fame and fortune 5 What kind of a thing is an orchid? It is a type of flower. What distinguishes an orchid from other flowers? The female and male parts of an orchid are fused together. According to Aristotle, answering both of these questions reveals the of an orchid. ontology genus essence organization 6 Fred believes that the death penalty is ethically wrong. After watching a documentary about capital punishment, he discussed his belief with his wife. Choose the statement from Fred that is NOT consistent with his belief. “If someone harmed a member of our family, I believe he would deserve death.” “No matter the offense, the state should never use death as punishment.” “The threat of the death penalty does not deter criminals from committing crimes.” “Humans must not play God by deciding when someone’s life should end.” 7 Choose the example that best demonstrates a central tenet of Stoicism. Stephanie is a good nurse because she is skillful and always remains composed. Carlene is devastated when her outdoor party is interrupted by a thunderstorm. Mr. Donovan insists that he begin each morning with pastry and a cup of sweet tea. Bob is such a rabid Cubs fan that it isn’t fun to watch a baseball game with him. 8 Choose the statement that describes a central theme of Parmenidean metaphysics. The world is composed of linked opposites. The opinions of mortals are universally reliable. Mortal and divine knowledge can be joined. The universe consists of one, unchanging entity. 9 Evaluate the argument and determine which answer option describes it. All teachers are robots. Cynthia is a teacher. Therefore, Cynthia is a robot. inductive, weak, uncogent deductive, invalid, sound deductive, valid, unsound inductive, strong, cogent 10 Apply conceptual analysis to the following statement and choose the answer that correctly describes the relationship. Being a good parent is a condition for having a child. neither necessary nor sufficient sufficient, not necessary necessary, not sufficient both necessary and sufficient 11 Select the statement upon which Plato and Aristotle would disagree. Essences exist and are genuine entities. Reasoning and logic are key to finding truth. Essences exist independently of the world. Truth is important above all else. 12 (A) Metaphysics is the branch of philosophy that examines the ultimate nature of reality. Move the terms into the correct blanks A Natural Philosophy Cosmology Metaphysics Epistemology 13 Read the following statement by Socrates: “And he attains to the purest knowledge of them who goes to each with the mind alone, not introducing or intruding in the act of thought sight or any other sense together with reason, but with the very light of the mind in her own clearness searches into the very truth of each; he who has got rid, as far as he can, of eyes and ears and, so to speak, of the whole body, these being in his opinion distracting elements which when they infect the soul hinder her from acquiring truth and knowledge . . .” Outline Socrates argument in this text and choose the sentence that accurately reflects it. The physical body and the soul are both necessary in order to find truth. Death prevents the philosopher from finding the answers he most wants to know. Life has no intrinsic value; only a good life, well­lived, has value for the gods. It is the mind, not the senses, that can know the essence of a thing. 14A Stoic avoids looking for good in external things and recognizes that value . has little to do with ethics is determined by intrinsic personality traits can be found in every living entity lies in our judgment of the world 15 Select the false statement about the Crito. Athens performed its end of the Social Contract; Socrates was required to do the same. Following the advice of experts is more ethical than appealing the majority. The Social Contract made it unethical for Socrates to escape his punishment. Socrates argued that civil disobedience was an obligation for intellectuals and philosophers. 16 According to Plato’s doctrine of the Forms, is Leonardo da Vinci's painting, the Mona Lisa, beauty? No, because it only participates in the Form of Beauty. Yes, if each individual applies his or her concept of beauty to the painting. No, because not everyone agrees that it represents that which is beautiful. Yes, if beauty represents all that is good in Platonic Heaven. 17 Heraclitus’ approach to reality was secular. He believed that a Logos governed all things. It did so through the Unity of Opposites, and the fact that all things change over time, which he called the (A) Doctrine of Flux . Move the terms into the correct blanks A Paradoxes of Zeno Doctrine of Flux Philosophical Atom Parmenidean Theory 18 The value of the Socratic Method lies in showing students how to themselves, rather than having it dictated to them. create an argument explain rhetoric gain knowledge evaluate an opinion 19 Select the statement most likely to have been made by Aristotle. “The world is unchanging and eternal, which conflicts with the illusion that life is neither.” “What is true is always true, independent of wisdom, language, or knowledge.” “New things do not come into existence; rather, things change their organization.” “We must begin with the world we encounter every day, rather than with the abstraction of metaphysics.” 20 When Socrates is asked about suicide in the Phaedo, he replies that . our bodies belong to the gods it is man’s choice to live or to die philosophers must always be prepared for death the body is eternal and cannot die 21 Choose the false statement about Aristotle’s metaphysics. In order for a statement to be true, one must state that an object exists, what the object is, and the state in which it exists. Humans have the natural capacity to know many things without divine revelation or empirical evidence. Examining the nature of being, and knowing what kinds of things exist, is a sensible beginning point for philosophical inquiry. The distinction between form and matter is purely conceptual — one does not, and cannot, exist without the other. 22 According to Aristotle’s ethics, virtues should be pursued by . finding a rational mean between two extremes defining what is true determining the purest form of action thinking abstractly 23 Choose the false statement about the metaphysical tenets of Plato’s Doctrine of the Forms. There is no knowledge because everything is in a state of transition and nothing is true. Plato’s Doctrine of the Forms grounds knowledge and being. Worldly objects imitate the more real, genuine Forms of objects. The intellectual realm in which Forms exist is unchanging and eternal. 24 Perhaps the most important way in which Socrates changed the course of Western philosophy was by focusing on . natural philosophy cosmology martyrdom moral philosophy 25 “It is my belief that everything in the cosmos is made of water.” The ancient philosopher most likely to have made this statement was (A) Thales . [Show More]

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