philosophy milestone greek,with complete solution.LATEST UPDATE 2020/2021.(100% correct)

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ENGL 1102 greek Lisa is considering whether it is morally permissible to eat meat. Which branch of philosophy can help her answer this question? • Ethics • Metaphysics • Cosmology... • Epistemology 2 Which of the following statements about the atomistic worldview is FALSE? • Everything in the universe exists as a single atom, or a collection of atoms. • Philosophical atoms of different shapes and consistencies are the fundamental components of reality. • The worldview of philosophical atomists, with some revisions, has been adopted by contemporary science. • The philosophical worldview of the early Greek atomists had great influence on philosophical, scientific and religious thinking, but only for a brief period of time. 3 When Crito tries to convince Socrates that he must not betray his own life, how does Socrates respond? • He says that all life has value, but society determines the fate of man. • He says that what is right is often misunderstood by mortals and must be left to the gods. • He says that he is not afraid of dying and knows that his followers will restore his good name. • He says that life would not be worth living if the principle of justice was violated. 4 In the Apology, Socrates states that a good person does what he knows to be right despite __________. • negative personal consequences • the laws of man • the wisdom of the gods • risking fame and fortune 5 Nancy is a cashier at a grocery store. A boy from her school, who she knows is underage, attempts to buy beer. Nancy hesitates before completing the transaction. According to Aristotle’s ethics, which question should Nancy ask herself? • What kind of person should I be? • Are there possible consequences of this action that could harm me? • How can I reach a compromise? • Why is this action right, and why is it wrong? 6 Which of the following statements about Aristotle’s metaphysics is FALSE? • Humans have the natural capacity to know many things without divine revelation or empirical evidence. • Examining the nature of being, and knowing what kinds of things exist, is a sensible beginning point for philosophical inquiry. • In order for a statement to be true, one must state that an object exists, what the object is, and the state in which it exists. • The distinction between form and matter is purely conceptual — one does not, and cannot, exist without the other. 7 Choose the example that best demonstrates a central tenet of Stoicism. • Mr. Donovan insists that he begin each morning with pastry and a cup of sweet tea. • Stephanie is a good nurse because she is skillful and always remains composed. • Bob is such a rabid Cubs fan that it isn’t fun to watch a baseball game with him. • Carlene is devastated when her outdoor party is interrupted by a thunderstorm. 8 All of the following statements are central themes of Parmenidean metaphysics, EXCEPT: • Complex phenomena can be explained as having been caused by the gods. • All change is illusory. • This worldview transcends opinion to examine the world as it is. • Reasonable assumptions can lead to paradoxes. 9 Select the statement upon which Plato and Aristotle would disagree. • Truth is important above all else. • Reasoning and logic are key to finding truth. • Essences exist and are genuine entities. • Essences exist independently of the world. 10 Socrates differed from the pre-Socratics in that his interests were primarily in __________. • ethics and epistemology • cosmology and natural philosophy • the true nature of reality • how the universe works 11 Kendra believes that women have a right to choose to have an abortion. Select the statement that is consistent with Kendra's belief. • “Every woman should be a mother; it is our function and purpose as human beings.” • "The man should have an equal say in whether or not a woman ends her pregnancy.” • “Some women use abortion as a form of birth control, which is wrong.” • “I voted for this presidential candidate because she supports a woman's right to have an abortion.” 12 What kind of a thing is an orchid? It is a type of flower. What distinguishes an orchid from other flowers? The female and male parts of an orchid are fused together. According to Aristotle, answering both of these questions reveals the __________ of an orchid. • essence • genus • organization • ontology 13 In the Phaedo, Socrates makes all of the following claims, EXCEPT: • Without a body to impede his or her progress, the philosopher may see things as they truly are. • The philosopher is concerned with the soul and not with the body. • Sensory distractions hinder the soul's pursuit of truth and knowledge. • Valuing what is right more than life is illogical and meaningless. 14 Select the statement that would most likely have been made by Aristotle. • “New things do not come into existence; rather, things change their organization.” • “The world is unchanging and eternal, which conflicts with the illusion that life is neither.” • “What is true is always true, independent of wisdom, language, or knowledge.” • “We must begin with the world we encounter every day, rather than with the abstraction of metaphysics.” 15 Which of the following is the most important tenet of Stoicism? • To understand that reality is either good or bad • To resist playing a role • To feed our desires • To let go of what we cannot control 16 You skipped this question and it was marked incorrect. Read the following statement by Socrates: “And he attains to the purest knowledge of them who goes to each with the mind alone, not introducing or intruding in the act of thought sight or any other sense together with reason, but with the very light of the mind in her own clearness searches into the very truth of each; he who has got rid, as far as he can, of eyes and ears and, so to speak, of the whole body, these being in his opinion distracting elements which when they infect the soul hinder her from acquiring truth and knowledge . . .” Outline Socrates' argument in this text and choose the sentence that accurately reflects it. • Death prevents the philosopher from finding the answers he most wants to know. • It is the mind, not the senses, that can know the essence of a thing. • Life has no intrinsic value; only a good life, well-lived, has value for the gods. • The physical body and the soul are both necessary in order to find truth. 17 “It is my belief that everything in the cosmos is made of water.” Which ancient philosopher would most likely have made this statement? • Empedocles • Pythagoras • Thales • Protagoras 18 Heraclitus developed __________, which maintained that the world is composed of objects and their counterparts, all of which are connected to one another. • the Unity of Opposites • Heraclitean paradoxes • Heraclitean metaphysics • the Doctrine of Flux 19 All of the following are central tenets of Aristotle’s ethics, EXCEPT: • Knowing the essence of a thing can justify a belief. • An action is evaluated based on how it informs character. • Something is good when it excels at its function. • Any virtue can become a vice. 20 For Plato and his Doctrine of Forms, a person can determine whether an act is courageous if he or she can __________. • clearly understand the value of courage • explain what courage means in the real world • accurately describe the form of courage • imagine an unambiguously courageous action 21 The philosophical value of the Socratic Method is described in all of the following statements, EXCEPT: • The Socratic Method guides students to understanding rather than requiring them to memorize facts. • Students learn from interacting with each other, and the teacher facilitates this process. • Students answer questions to which they know the answers, and are led by the teacher to new truths. • The emphasis is on finding truth, not on “winning” an argument. 22 Which of the following statements about the metaphysical tenets of Plato’s Doctrine of the Forms is FALSE? • The Forms exist in an intellectual realm that is fixed and never ending. • Forms must exist in order for knowledge to be possible. • There is a cause and effect relationship between Forms and their earthly counterparts. • Perfection in the Forms does not exist in Platonic Heaven. 23 All teachers are robots. Cynthia is a teacher. Therefore, Cynthia is a robot. Evaluate the argument and select the option that describes it. • Deductive, valid, unsound • Deductive, invalid, sound • Inductive, weak, uncogent • Inductive, strong, cogent 24 Being a good parent is a __________ condition for having a child. Apply conceptual analysis to this statement and choose the answer that correctly describes the relationship. • necessary, not sufficient • neither necessary nor sufficient • both necessary and sufficient • sufficient, not necessary 25 In Plato's view, justified true beliefs must be related to his metaphysical notion of __________, which he called the Forms. • wisdom • essence • knowledge • truth [Show More]

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