NCTI 2-3 Questions and Answers 100% Pass

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NCTI 2-3 Questions and Answers 100% Pass What is the difference between the FTTN and FTTC topologies? ✔✔An FTTC is allowed a smaller number of RF amplifiers between the optical fiber and the cu... stomer premises. What are the three categories of the fiber-optic cable used to identify the location of the fiber in the network? ✔✔Truck, branch, and drop Which type of fiber topology used in a PON places the PON splitters at the headend while providing one designated fiber for every customer premise? ✔✔Home-run Which PON element uses patch panels? ✔✔ODN What is the one main function of the FDH? ✔✔The FDH provides effective fiber management by grouping splitters into local serving areas. What is the purpose of the MST? ✔✔It provides access to connect fiber-optic cable drops from the customer premises to the network. What is the purpose of a fiber demarcation box? ✔✔It provides a safe place to splice, split, distribute, store, and cross-connect fiber optics. How are optical splitters used in the forward path? ✔✔As passive branching devices that divide an optical signal across multiple output fibers. What is the main benefit of deploying WDM technology? ✔✔It will increase the capacity of the existing fiber networks tenfold without adding any more fiber. What is unique about WDM-PON? ✔✔WDM-PON deployed in a greenfield system allows each subscriber to get their own designated wavelength. What is the purpose of the SDU? ✔✔It provides surge protection, a test jack, circuit protection, wiring management, and fiber termination. What are the advantages of loose buffer tube fiber? ✔✔It offers the best protection for the fibers under high pulling tension and moisture with its fiber-coated gel. What is an ONU/ONT? ✔✔It is a device that converts light from fiber to Rf for coaxial distribution into home. What are the characteristics of ITU-T G.657 BIF? ✔✔It is flexible for installation in small spaces and has a small bend radius of 7.5 mm or 10mm. What is true about using a premed fiber-optic pigtail for splicing to patch panels or terminal equipment? ✔✔It is faster and more reliable than installing connectors in the field. What is the proper way to handle fiber once it is spliced? ✔✔At the heat-shrink protective sleeve that has a steel bar inside it. What is the purpose of the ground block? ✔✔To protect fragile electronics like Tvs and STBs from damaging lightning strikes and power surges. In a PON FTTx networks, which OSP device contains fiber test points that will minimize service disruption to customers? ✔✔FDH. What parameter is critical in an OTDR when testing a PON with significant splitters losses? ✔✔High dynamic range. What is the best approach to repairing an aerial fiber-optic drop cable for FTTx applications? ✔✔Replace the entire section of fiber drop cable. (-25) + (42) + (-62) + (20)=? ✔✔-25 (17) X (-19)=? ✔✔-323 (-17) - (-34)=? ✔✔17 -49 ÷ -7 =? ✔✔7 (20) ÷ (-4) + (-2) x (-10) - (-2) x (7)=? ✔✔29 3 6/9 + 6 1/3 + 9 5/9=? ✔✔19 5/9 7 3/8 ÷ 7 1/4=? ✔✔1 1/58 8.13 x 0.123 =? ✔✔0.99999 0.5349 ÷ 0.1420 ✔✔3.7669014 67.84 + 81.786 + 4281.98 =? ✔✔4431.606 Which of the statements is true of axioms? ✔✔When A=C and B=C, then A=B because both are equal to C, which supports the axiom: Quantities equal to the same quantity are equal to each other. Simplify and solve the equation: if E=IR, then I=? ✔✔E/R What is the square of 7? ✔✔49 What is the square root of 81? ✔✔9 0.00004=____________x10 to the power of _____________? ✔✔4,-5 (83 X 10^6) + (27 x 10^7)=? ✔✔353x10^6 (480 x 10^-5) ÷ (60 x 10^-3)=? ✔✔8 x 10^-2 (250 x 10^6) -(7 X 10^-5)=? ✔✔180 x 10^-6 (75 x 10^3) + (25 x 10^4)=? ✔✔32.5 x10^4 (10 X 10^3) + (26 x 10^4)=? ✔✔270 x 10^3 Which technique can be useful in helping others understand your emotional state and in providing them with direction around how to help you restore balance? ✔✔Feel, Felt, Found technique Which of the following best describes stereotyped thinking? ✔✔Presuming that all members of a group have certain characteristics. The attribute of being "active" as a critical thinker means ✔✔You observe and take notes relevant to the issue. It is essential to pay attention to warning signs of stress overload. Poor attitude is one of the behaviors that may indicate that you are overstressed. What are the symptoms of poor attitude behavior? ✔✔A significant change in attitude with a noticeable movement toward negative, hostile, cynical, or paranoid thoughts. You are at a customer's home, and you are asking the customer whether the problem is intermittent or constant. Which steps are you using from the six-step troubleshooting process ✔✔Identify the problem. Why should you take the time to take notes and accurately record data at each job location? ✔✔Notes and recorded data are tools that can help you determine a plan of action or evaluate the decisions you made You are at a customer's home, and you believe you have solved the problem. When you check to ensure the resolution did not introduce any new problems, which step are you using from the sixstep troubleshooting process? ✔✔Verify the solution. To break the habit of negative self-talk cycle? ✔✔Tell yourself "not now" and move on to a positive thought whenever negative thoughts occur. By taking control of the expectations you have, you are? ✔✔More likely to improve your motivation and be a better problem solver. Which of the following statement describes creative problem-solving? ✔✔Thinking outside of the box and looking at problems from fresh perspective. Which of the following characterizes the successful troubleshooter? ✔✔Someone with an inquisitive and relentless desire to solve and fix problems. What must a technician be aware of when analyzing a digital TV (DTV) problem? ✔✔There is frequently more than one contributor to a specific DTV service problem. After a digital TV (DTV) service problem has been analyzed and possible causes considered, what is accomplished by isolating the various network elements? ✔✔It narrows the scope of likely problem sources. During which step of the six-step troubleshooting process for a digital TV (DTV) service problem are quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) channel measurement typically taken? ✔✔Diagnosing symptoms When replacing a splitter to resolve a digital TV (DTV) service problem, what does confirming the splitter output levels before attaching the output connectors do? ✔✔Confirmation reinforces the technician's confidence that the problem will be resolved by replacing the splitter. Which of the following digital TV (DTV) trouble calls could have been avoided with customer education about the product? ✔✔The digital set-top box (STB) overheats. When troubleshooting a digital TV (DTV) authorization issue, what can be verified using the settop box (STB) diagnostic page? ✔✔STB reception of authorization message data. Which type of set-top box (STB) operates more like Data Over Cable Service Interface Specification (DOCSIS) cable modems with return channels on the same frequencies used for cable modems? ✔✔STB with DOCSIS set-top Gateway (DSG) client software and embedded DOCSIS modems. What is done to ensure equal power in all channels in a network with analog and digital modulation channels? ✔✔Operate the analog TV channels at higher amplitude level than the QAM channels. What does a set-top box (STB) diagnostic page of a quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) channel showing signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) near or below 30 dB indicate? ✔✔The QAM channel quality is on the edge for reliable reception, and the source of the problem is likely in the distribution network or customer premises. Which DOCSIS layer is used by the CMTS to differentiate between cable modems? ✔✔The DOCSIS MAC Layer What was introduced in DOCSIS 3.0 to allow enough bandwidth for upstream carriers from previous DOCSIS versions? ✔✔The option to increase the top frequency of the upstream to 85MHz. In a DOCSIS network, why is the data throughput over the return or upstream path typically less than the throughput of data over the forward or downstream path? ✔✔Compared to the downstream path, the narrower bandwidths and lower transmit power of the modems used to transmit data over the return path cause the downstream and upstream data throughput to be unequal or asymmetrical. What would be the downstream throughput if two QAM channels with a throughput of 38 Mbps were bonded? ✔✔76 Mbps. What are two features that were added in DOCSIS 3.1 to extend the viability of HFC networks into the next decade? ✔✔OFMD and LDPC How does IP multicast differ from IP broadcast? ✔✔IP multicast traffic is only sent to specific modem addresses on the network; IP broadcast traffic is sent to all modems on the network. Which step in the troubleshooting process requires a discussion with the customer to gather more detail about the problem? ✔✔Identify the problem When analyzing a problem, what can the technician learn by asking the customer to show or demonstrate the problem? ✔✔The symptoms of the problem can be viewed, and any unusual screens or customer entries can be identified. When using a digital signal analyzer to troubleshoot data throughput in the DOCSIS network, What is the minimum MER into the cable modem for 256-QAM carrier? ✔✔32 dB or greater. What layers of the OSI reference model are specific to cable networks and are present only between DOCSIS modems and the CMTS? ✔✔Layers 1 through 4 (Physical layer, Data Link Layer, Network Layer, and Transport Layer) are applied between the DOCSIS modem and CMTS? A Customer reports a problem of no dial tone (NDT). Upon inspection, the technical notices that new carpeting has been installed. What should the technician do next? ✔✔Look for a cable that runs under the carpet, it is likely that the cable has a short from the carpeting tack strip. What is the likely problem when there is dail tone on one phone connected to an outlet, but not on two other phones connected to two different outlets? ✔✔An open circuit caused by a break in a conductor, poor contact in a modular connector, or an incorrect wire connection. In the customer premises, what could cause some dual tone multifrequency (DTMF) touch-tone telephones to have continuous fail tone caused by polarity reversal, but not other DTMF telephones? ✔✔The telephone wiring polarity is incorrect, and the customer has a mix of older and newer DTMF touch-tone telephones. What should be checked as a possible cause of hum on a customer's telephone line? ✔✔Shielding problems in the station wiring, poor terminations, or poor grounding and bonding connections. What is the difference between the wiring configurations for a residential, 8-position, 8-contact (8P8C) modular plug and jack in the Universal Service Order Codes (USOC) and ANSI/TIA/EIA 570-B? ✔✔The placement of pair numbers 3 and 4. How is silver satin cable used to connect telephone equipment to wall outlets typically pinned? ✔✔Reversed at opposite ends, or cross-pinned. In unshielded twisted-pair (UTP) cable, what is the term that describes when an informationcarry conductor makes contact with a grounded conductor? ✔✔Ground fault. After resolving the problem with the premises wiring issues, which of the following is the next step in the six-step process that the technician should take? ✔✔Verify that the problem has been resolved and that phone service is running perfectly on their telephone test set. If the telephone wiring is in the bus topology and twisted-pair cable tester is connected at the embedded multimedia terminal adapter (EMTA) with the remote unit connected to the last outlet in the loop, what is the quickest way to locate the incorrectly wired outlet if the tester indicates wiring error? ✔✔Break the loop into smaller sections and restart the two sections to identify which one has the wiring error. Continue to divide the section with the error into smaller sections until the wiring error is identified. How should the digital multimeter (DMM) be used to troubleshoot problems in the telephone wiring? ✔✔Use the voltmeter function; both the network interface device (NID) and the embedded multimedia terminal adapter (EMTA) provide a steady on-hook voltage. What is it called when several computers are sharing files without a WAP? ✔✔ad-hoc mode What is the standard encryption method used with WPA2? ✔✔AES When configuring a wireless router, why is changing the service set identifier (SSID) from the device default recommended? ✔✔To avoid telling hackers exactly what the device is Which mode uses a wireless access point (WAP) connected to a wired network? ✔✔Infrastructure In regard to Wi-Fi networks what is WPS used for? ✔✔To enable connection to a Wi-Fi network without a Windows interface. Which encryption method is the most secure for a wireless network? ✔✔WPA2 How many channels are available with IEEE 802.11g? ✔✔11 What is the last step of the basic wireless access point (WAP) setup? ✔✔Apply security All 802.11 standards use one of two frequency bands. What are these frequency bands? ✔✔2.4 GHz and 5 GHz bands What uses the 2.4-GHz band and runs at 54 Mbps? ✔✔802.11g Which organization regulates the use of WLAN devices in the United States? ✔✔FCC Which of the following IEEE 802.11 WLAN standards specifies both spread spectrum RF and IR transmission technologies? ✔✔802.11 Why has it become cost-effective for enterprise companies to integrate wireless local area network (WLAN) segments into their networks? ✔✔The cost of wireless technology has decreased and the quality has increased Which one of the following IEEE wireless standards utilizes the 5GHz frequency band for its signal transmissions? ✔✔802.11n Why are WLANs usually deployed in an access capacity instead of as the networks core layer? ✔✔WLANs are generally incapable of meeting the requirement of the network core layer, which needs to be very fast and stable, able to handle a tremendous amount of the traffic with little difficulty, and must experience no down time. In which OSI reference model layer do WLANs operate? ✔✔The Data Link Layer What type of connectivity is needed to connect networks between two buildings located across the street from each other? ✔✔P2P In which of the following applications might a WLAN be deployed in a distribution layer role? ✔✔As a building-to-building bridge used to link corporate network segments What specific problem does a WLAN resolve for corporation and home users? ✔✔Excessive data cabling #100 What challenges do WISPs have to overcome in order to provide "last mile data delivery" to customer? ✔✔Distance to APs, rooftop access, lightning, trees, mountains, tower access, and other physical obstacles to connectivity. In what manner do radio waves propagate (move) away from the source (antenna)? ✔✔In a straight line in all directions at once Which one of the following RF behaviors is defined as "the bending of a wave as it passes through a medium of different density"? ✔✔Refraction Which of the provided VSWR shown here is best for transferring radio frequency (RF) energy between connections? ✔✔1.2:1 What are some measures that can be taken to prevent high VSWR in transmitters and receivers? ✔✔Tighten connections between cables and connectors and use impedance-matched hardware throughout How does RF LOS differ from visual LOS? ✔✔RF LOS is accompanied by a Fresnel zone, a series of concentric ellipsoid-shaped areas around the visual LOS path Why is the Fresnel Zone important to the integrity of the RF link or path ✔✔The Fresnel Zone defines an area around the RF LOS that can introduce RF signal interference if blocked What is EIRP? ✔✔The power actually radiated by the antenna element What unit of measurement is used to express the gain of an antenna? ✔✔dBI Given an AP with 100mW of output power connected through a cable with 3 dB of loss to the antenna with a 10 dBi gain, what is the approximate EIRP level from the antenna in mW ✔✔500mW A transmitter outputs 100mW. An antenna cable connects the transmitter to an amplifier, and the power into the amplifiers input measure 50mW. The amplifier increases the signal to the original transmitter's power level and sends the signal to the antenna. The antenna receives the signal from the amplifier at 75mW, and then transmits at 150mW. What is the IR's power level in this RF circuit? ✔✔75 mW Which of the following networks or products use spread spectrum technologies? ✔✔Wireless local area networks (WLAN), Bluetooth, and global positioning systems (GPS) Why is spread spectrum technology used in applications such as Bluetooth wireless personal area networks (WPAN)? ✔✔Spread spectrum technology allows wireless networking to create a short range, personal communications network In frequency-hopping spread spectrum (FHSS) system that uses 10 frequencies across a 12 megahertz (MHz) frequency band , what happens if narrowband interference occurs at only one of the 10 frequencies? ✔✔The spread spectrum signal remains intact. Instead of being lost, the data on the interfered frequency is retransmitted on one of the other nine frequencies The Federal Communications Commission (FCC) rules regarding power output for frequencyhoping spread spectrum (FHSS) state that a maximum output to the intentional radiator (IR) with 5 megahertz (MHz) of carrier frequency bandwidth must be which one of the following? ✔✔125 milliwatts (mW) The ratio of the chipping code to data bits for a direct sequence spread spectrum (DSSS) signal is called which of the following? ✔✔Processing gain Which component of frequency hopping spread spectrum (FHSS) system creates more overhead than any similar component in a direct sequence spread spectrum (DSSS) system? ✔✔The interframe spacing How does spread spectrum technology reduce the probability of signal jamming? ✔✔By transmitting over a wide frequency spectrum. Although there are many different implementations of spread spectrum technology, what are the only types specified by Federal Communications Commission (FCC) in the Codes of Federal Regulation (CFR), Volume 47, Part 15? ✔✔Direct Sequencing Spread Spectrum (DSSS) and Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum (FHSS). Why is direct sequence spread spectrum (DSSS) the most widely known and the most used of the spread spectrum types? ✔✔Its ease of implementation and high data rates. What is the width of direct sequence spread spectrum (DSSS) channels and how far apart are their center frequencies spaced? ✔✔22 megahertz (MHZ) wide and 5 MHz apart What WLAN device can be described as a half-duplex device with intelligence equivalent to that of a sophisticated Ethernet switch? ✔✔An AP What are some common methods used to configure and manage APs? ✔✔Telnet/ ssh (secure shell), USB, and a built-in web server for browser access. What is half-duplex device that is only capable of OSI reference model Layer 2 (Data Link Layer) connectivity? ✔✔A Wireless bridge Considering antenna diversity, what is the point of sampling two antennas? ✔✔To pick the input signal of whichever antenna has the best reception Which statement best describes a network application for which a wireless workgroup bridge is the best suited? ✔✔When remote buildings house small groups of wired clients needing wireless access to the main network Which wireless clients devices require drivers to be installed on the client node? ✔✔Wireless client devices on PC cards that are to be installed in PCI or industry standard architecture (ISA) adapters Residential gateways have been around for quite some time, but what capability was added to connect to IEEE 802.11b-, 802.g-,802.11n- and 802.11ac-compliant devices? ✔✔Wireless capability You are designing a wireless network to which several functional workgroups are connected. You want to configure your enterprise wireless gateway to allow you to quickly assign identical network access rights to persons within the same workgroup. Which enterprise wireless gateway feature provides this capability? ✔✔RBAC What security service in an enterprise wireless gateway enables the wireless network administrator to assign levels of service to a particular user? ✔✔CoS Why should a wireless network administrator consider installing an enterprise wireless gateway in their network? ✔✔The enterprise wireless gateway enables the wireless network administer to manage a large wireless network using only a few central devices instead of a very large number of access points. In what direction does an omnidirectional antenna radiate radio frequency (RF) energy? ✔✔Equally in all directions around its axis. What is a consideration when mounting a high-gain omnidirectional antenna indoors on the ceiling? ✔✔If the ceiling is too high, the coverage area might not reach the floor where the users are located. As a general rule, how does an increase in effective isotropic radiated power (EIRP) relate to the link budget range? ✔✔Each 6 decibels (dB) increase in EIRP equates to a doubling of range What happens when an active Ethernet switch fails to sense a power over Ethernet (PoE) device on a port? ✔✔It switches off the direct current (DC) voltage on the port Which statement describes a passive injector? ✔✔It places direct current (DC) voltage onto a CAT-5e cable. What power over Ethernet (PoE) device picks off the direct current (DC) voltage that has been injected into the CAT-5e cable by the injector and makes it available to the equipment through the regular DC power jack? ✔✔A DC picker or tap What device would a wireless local area network (WLAN) administrator install between the access point (AP) or bridge and the network to give indoor local area network (LAN) users as much bandwidth as possible? ✔✔A Bandwidth control unit (BCU) Polarization is defined as which one of the following? ✔✔The orientation of an electromagnetic wave's electric field in relationship to the earth's surface or plane. What is the typical coverage pattern of a semidirectional antenna? ✔✔A hemispherical or cylindrical pattern. What antenna type is ideal for making a point-to-point (P2P) network connection between two office buildings that are across the street from one another? ✔✔A semidirectional antenna Why habe 900 megahertz (MHz) Industrial, Scientific, and Medical (ISM) band wireless local area networks (WLAN) lost favor in comparison to 2.4 gigahertz (GHz) and 5 GHz frequency systems? ✔✔900 MHz devices are more expensive and provide slower data throughput What is the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) regulation for the maximum equivalent isotropically radiated power (EIRP) from a point-to-multipoint (P2MP) wireless local area network (WLAN) antenna? ✔✔4 watts (W) Operation as an Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11ac device occurs only in the 5 gigahertz (GHz) Unlicensed National Information Infrastructure (U-NII) radio band, so how are 802.11ac devices able to maintain compatibility with earlier standards that operate in the 2.4 GHz Industrial, Scientific, and Medical (ISM) radio bands? ✔✔IEEE 802.11ac devices also operate in the 2.4 GHz ISM range Which of the following statements is true concerning Bluetooth technology? ✔✔To institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11 networks operating in the 2.4 Industrial, Scientific, and Medical (ISM) radio bands, Bluetooth transmissions appear as all-band noise What is the maximum range of class 2, 2.5 milliwatt (mW), Bluetooth devices? ✔✔10 meters or 33 feet Bluetooth uses which spread spectrum technology? ✔✔Frequency-hopping spread spectrum (FHSS). Bluetooth is a short range wireless personal area network (WPAN) technology that is covered under which Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) standard? ✔✔IEEE 802.15 What technologies does the institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11n wireless standard use to achieve data rates as high as 600 megabits per second (Mbps) ✔✔Multiple input, multiple output (MIMO) technology and spatial multiplexing What does the institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) specify as the maximum allowable power output into the intentional radiator for IEEE 802.11a-, 802.11n and 802.11accompliant devices operating on the lower Unlicensed National Information Infrastructure (UNII) radio band? ✔✔40 milliwatts (mW) How wide is each of the three wireless local area network (WLAN) Unlicensed National Information Infrastructure (U-NII) bands? ✔✔100 megahertz When connecting to a wireless local area network (WLAN), what is most important fact about the service set identifier (SSID)? ✔✔That the clients and all access points (AP) must be configured with matching SSIDs. How does a client locate a wireless local area network (WLAN) when performing passive scanning? ✔✔The client listens for beacons until it hears a beacon listing the service set identifier (SSID) of the network it expects to join. Why would a wireless local area network (WLAN) administrator rarely see the "authenticated" step on the access point (AP)? ✔✔Because clients pass the authentication stage and immediately proceed into the associated stage Why is shared key authentication considered a security risk in a wireless local area network (WLAN)? ✔✔The access point (AP) transmits the challenge text in the clear and receives the same challenge text encrypted with the wired equivalent privacy (WEP) key An independent basic service set (IBSS) is also commonly referred to as which one of the following? ✔✔Ad hoc network What does a basic service set (BSS) consist of? ✔✔A BSS consists of only one AP and one or more wireless clients Which term describes the operation mode of a basic service set (BSS)? ✔✔Infrastructure mode In a segmented wireless local area network (WLAN) that has a different Internet protocol (IP) address for each segment, which solution allows mobile clients to maintain their connectivity when roaming into different segments? ✔✔Deploying all access points (AP) on a single virtual local area network (VLAN) using a flat IP subnet for all APs so that no change of iP address for roaming clients occurs and all traffic goes through a central controller Which one of the following power management modes populates a traffic indication map (TIM) in a basic service set (BSS) or extended service set (ESS)? ✔✔Power save polling (PSP) mode As a subscriber enters a hotspot area, what signals their mobile wireless device of an available Wi-Fi network? ✔✔The access point (AP) advertises to the wireless device to enable connection Which is the largest IEEE 802.11 data frame that can traverse a wireless local area network (WLAN) without fragmentation? ✔✔2346 bytes What is the tradeoff between the fragmenting of packets into shorter fragments versus keeping longer packet fragments? ✔✔Shorter packet fragments have lower probability of errors from interference than longer packet fragments, but shorter packet fragments require more error correction Which type of inter rame space provides the highest level of priority network function control over the medium for a short time period? ✔✔Short Interframe Space (SIFS) How are inter frame spaces used in an Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11 wireless local area network (WLAN)? ✔✔They are used to defer station's access to the medium and provide various levels of priority What is a slot time in an Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11 wireless local area network (WLAN)? ✔✔A standard period of time which is preprogrammed into the radio and determined by the WLAN technology being utilized What is the purpose of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11 wireless local area network (WLAN) superframe? ✔✔To allow fair coexistence between point coordination function (PCF)- mode and distributed coordination function (DCF)-mode clients on the network When should you consider enabling Request to send/ clear to send (RTS/CTS) protocol on a wireless local area network (WLAN)? ✔✔When diagnosing network problems and when large frames experience high collision rates across a congested wireless network What does the "on with threshold" setting of the Request to send/clear to send (RTS/CTS) protocol allow the wireless local area network (WLAN) administrator to control? ✔✔To control which frames over a certain size are announced and cleared to send by the stations What modulation technique does Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) wireless local area network (WLAN) standards 802.11a, 802.11n, 802.11ac use to achieve higher data throughput? ✔✔Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) What is the purpose of the distributed coordination function (DCF) in an institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11 wireless local area network (WLAN)? ✔✔To allow all stations/clients on a WLAN to contend for access on the shared radio frequency (RF) transmission medium using the carrier sense multiple access with collision avoidance (CSMA/CA) protocol. What cause the hidden node problem in a wireless local area network (WLAN)? ✔✔When a client (or node) can receive signals from an access point (AP) but an obstacle prevents the client from receiving signals from the other clients that are connected to the network How do you troubleshoot a hidden node? ✔✔Test for degraded data throughput at all client locations How might you confirm the presence of a hidden node on the network? ✔✔Turn on the request to send/ clear to send (RTS/CTS) protocol and watch for increased network data throughput Which one of the following conditions occurs when an access point (AP) receives a distant client's signal at a lower power level than that of a nearer client? ✔✔Near/Far Which one of the following tasks is the best choice for troubleshooting the near/far problem? ✔✔Review the location of the stations (clients) on the network You wish to build a wireless network that provides significantly better throughput than a single Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers (IEEE) 802.11b access point (AP). Which of the following is an acceptable solution? ✔✔Use IEEE 802.11-compliant equipment operating in the 5 gigahertz (GHz) Unlicensed National Information Infrastructure (U-NII) bands, allowing for more non-overlapping channels What test instrument is used to locate and measure interfering narrowband radio frequency (RF) signals in an Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers (IEEE) 802.11 wireless local area network (WLAN), among other things? ✔✔A spectrum analyzer What causes co-channel interference in a wireless local area network (WLAN)? ✔✔An overlap in the signal ranges of access points (AP) of different WLANs operating on the same channels What are the three main conditions that influence the range of a wireless local area network (WLAN)? ✔✔Transmission power, antenna type and location, and environment What can be done to increase the coverage area of a wireless local area network (WLAN)? ✔✔Increase the transmission power, replace the omnidirectional antenna with a parabolic antenna, and use the 2.4 gigahertz (GHz) radio band instead of the 5 GHz radio band What initialization vector (IV) do most weak implementations of the Wireless Equivalency Protocol (WEP) use? ✔✔24 bit How can filtering augment some of the security limitations of wired Equivalent privacy (WEP) in a wireless local area network (WLAN)? ✔✔By defining parameters to which client stations must adhere in order to gain access to the network Which term describes a wireless system in which the access point (AP) removes the wireless local area network's (WLAN) service set identifier (SSID) from the beacon frames? ✔✔Closed system What basis does a wireless local area networks (WLAN) use an Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.1x protocol to control network access? ✔✔Port-based network access control (PNAC) Access points (AP) must support what encryption techniques in order to comply with Institute of Electrical and Engineers (IEEE) 802.11i security standards? ✔✔Temporal Key Integrity Protocol (TKIP), Advanced Encryption Standard (AES), and AES-CCMP (Counter-Mode/CBCMAC Protocol) What is a man-in-the-middle attack on a wireless local area network (WLAN)? ✔✔A situation in which a hacker uses an access point (AP) to effectively hijack mobile nodes (clients) by sending a stronger signal than the legitimate AP is sending What type of wireless local area network (WLAN) attack could cost an employee their job because network usage logs point directly to the employee whenever a hacker gains access to the employee's domain login information and cause havoc on the network? ✔✔A passive attack How might a wireless local area network (WLAN) administrator ensure compliance with security audits? ✔✔Documents audit procedures in the sercurity policy For maximum security, you should base your wireless local area network (WLAN) user authentication on which one of the following? ✔✔Device-independent schemes, such as user names and passwords To prevent hacker access to passwords and internet protocol (IP) addresses, why would you want to place wireless access points (AP) on switches instead of hubs? ✔✔Switches prevent the broadcast of packets to all network segments What is the most basic question you should ask a customer before visiting the customer's facility to perform a site survey? ✔✔What kind of facility is it? What information should be gathered during the wireless local area network (WLAN) site survey in a convention center for an upcoming trade show? ✔✔Identify who will be installing access points (AP) in ceilings that could are 40 feet high What test should be performed during the site survey to enable the design engineer to understand and control what the user's experience will be on the wireless local area network (WLAN)? ✔✔A data throughput test Why is it suggested that all data collected as part of a site survey for a wireless local area network (WLAN) be included in the survey report as an attachment, appendix, or separate set of documentation? ✔✔The data could be needed in future What are some of the access points (AP) facts that should be detailed in a wireless local area network (WLAN) site survey? ✔✔Location within facility, antenna type to be used, power output settings, how power will be provided to unit, and the expected data throughput per unit Ideally, what should the next step be after you complete the wireless local area network (WLAN) site survey and provide the survey results in a report to the customer? ✔✔A wireless consulting firm should be given the site survey report so that it will then be able to provide effective information on equipment purchasing and security solutions What should you note in the wireless local area network (WLAN) site survey if a semi directional antenna is required for adequate coverage? ✔✔The antenna orientation along with the antenna's side and back lobes for coverage and security reasons What are some desired features of an access point (AP) used to perform wireless local area network (WLAN) site surveys? ✔✔Variable output power and external antenna connectors How would you use a laptop computer, tablet, or cell phone when performing a site survey for a wireless local area network (WLAN)? ✔✔By checking for signal strength and coverage areas while roaming around the facility What are some requirements of wireless local area network (WLAN) in a hospital that make it an effective training ground for individuals who want to immerse themselves in WLAN technology? ✔✔Roaming across large distances, a limited number of users on a access point (AP) due to mandated security, and medical applications that are often connection-oriented between the client and server. 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