Patho Hesi Questions and Answers Rated A+

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Patho Hesi Questions and Answers Rated A+ which hormone will be found if someone is pregnant? ✔✔chorionic gonadotropin If a person vomits alot, what acid imbalance will happen? ✔✔metabollic... alkalosis what is the body's initial response to a severe burn? ✔✔immunologic/inflammatory response is immediate, prolonged, and severe. result from surviving burn shock is immunosuppression with increases susceptibility to potentially fatal burn sepsis. What type of hearing loss is associated with ototoxic (drug) effects? ✔✔sensorineural hearing loss parkinson's causes a decrease in what hormone? ✔✔dopamine what is the function of cholecystokinin? ✔✔stimulates the release of bile into the intestine and the secretion of enzymes by the pancreas what section of the ECG shows that there is ventricular electric action? ✔✔QRS complex what part of the kidney increases urine concentration? ✔✔loop of henle what does hemorrhaging do to preload? ✔✔ how does hyperglycemia cause lower leg pain? ✔✔it is caused by diabetic neuropathy a person with a history of left heart failure wakes up in the middle of the night, what is happening? ✔✔orthopnea what immune cells are most affected by AIDS? ✔✔T cells what hormones cause dark urine and increased heart rate? ✔✔ a patient with breast cancer is being screened for BRCA1 and BRCA2, what information should be known about this? ✔✔testing is done for both genes because they need to determine if the variants were inherited. it's important for the patient to understand if there are risks to potentially developing other cancers in the future. also determine if other family members are at risk for being affected. what is gout? ✔✔uric acid crystals in joints; toes mostly, big toe*** how is bone marrow affected in leukemia? ✔✔anemia; thrombocytopenia what is osteoarthritis? ✔✔random joint pain and stiffness throughout the body a person who got a TB test ✔✔ what hormone is overproduced in cushing's disease? ✔✔TSH a patient comes in with leg pain because of hypercalcemia? ✔✔Hypercalcemia can cause the bones to release too much calcium, leaving them deficient. This abnormal bone activity can lead to pain and muscle weakness The nurse is caring for a client who is admitted to the critical care unit with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and requires endotracheal intubation. Which chest radiograph findings indicate the pathophysiological process of ARDS? ✔✔consolidation and whiteout of the lung fields Which finding indicates to the nurse that a client is experiencing acute kidney injury (AKI) related to a prerenal cause? ✔✔urinalysis shows abundant cells, casts, proteins An elderly client diagnosed with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) four years ago presents in the emergency center with shortness of breath, cyanosis, and greenish-colored sputum. His initial blood gases on room air are: pH 7.39, PaO2 46, PaCO2 53, and HCO3 32. Which description best characterizes this client's presenting problem? ✔✔chronic respitory acidosis The development of atherosclerosis is a process of sequential events. Arrange the pathophysiological events in order of occurrence. ✔✔Arterial endothelial injury causes inflammation. Macrophages consume low-density lipoprotein (LDL), creating foam cells. Foam cells release growth factors for smooth muscle cells. Smooth muscle grows over fatty streaks creating fibrous plaques. Vessel narrowing results in ischemia. A client's tumor measures 2 cm before and after receiving a course of radiotherapy. What physiological mechanism renders this response to radiation therapy for cancers? ✔✔production of ionizing energy damages DNA, hence stops replication A client's heart rate increases to 147 beats per minute. The urine output drops from 43 mL to 28 mL in one hour and is dark amber in color. The brown-tinged fluid in the nasogastric tube tests hemoccult positive. Which neurohormones are responsible for these symptoms that were created in response to stress? ✔✔glucocorticoids and norepinephrine A female client's morning laboratory test results include hemoglobin 11.0 grams/dL (110 g/L) and hematocrit 34% (0.34). Based on these findings, this client is at risk for which pathophysiological finding? ✔✔fatigue and weakness The nurse is reviewing the laboratory findings of a client who was admitted yesterday with cellulitis of the lower leg as the result of peripheral vascular disease (PVD). Which finding is consistent with the client's diagnosis? ✔✔wbc count: 19,000/mm^3 (19 x 10^9/L) a person who had ___ had a stone removed, when testing is done what is the most important thing to look for? ✔✔need to know what the stone was made of to determine the best therapy. A male client with a massive pulmonary embolus is tachycardic, hypotensive, and has audible bilateral pulmonary crackles. His arterial blood gases (ABGs) results are: pH 7.0; PaCO2 66 mmHg; HCO3 24 mEq/L (24 mmol/L); PaO2 mmHg. Based on these findings, this client is at greatest risk for which pathophysiological condition? ✔✔respiratory failure which of the following is a result of addison's disease? ✔✔bronze skin what causes high PaO2 and PaCO2? ✔✔ what is a pressure ulcer? ✔✔Localized injury to the skin and/or underlying tissue usually over a bony prominence, as a result of pressure, or pressure in combination with shear and or friction - most common site is the sacrum then the heels - factors include amount of pressure and length of time the pressure is exerted on the skin and ability of patients tissue to tolerate the external pressure - other factors: SHEARING FORCE (pressure from lying on a bed), friction, and excessive moisture. what are the BPMs for both nodes? ✔✔SA: 60-100 AV: 40-60 what is associated with ALS? ✔✔progressive muscle weakness what is associated with muscular dystrophy? ✔✔degeneration of muscle mass what is osteoartitis? ✔✔inflammation of the joints; unilaterally what is a serum bicarb below 15? leads to metabolic acidosis? ✔✔diabetic ketoacidosis a patient brings in her child who is sick, and is diagnosed with reye's syndrome. what caused this? ✔✔aspirin; excessive intake; kids should not have aspirin The client has S-T segment depression on the 12-lead electrocardiogram. The nurse concludes that this ECG finding is consistent with which of the following changes- ✔✔ischemia excess of PTH ✔✔bone resorption clinical manifestation of osteoporosis ✔✔kyphosis Where can COPD components (neutrophils, macrophages/cytes, and lymphocytes) be detected? ✔✔Bronchoalveolar fluid and induced sputum condition affecting the upper lining the upper linings of the stomach? ✔✔gastro-something tPA ✔✔protein involved in the breakdown of blood clots, breaks them when stroke is involved Atherosclerosis ✔✔hardening and thickening of vessels caused by accumulation of lipid covered macrophages in the arterial wall = leads to PLAQUE formation acute pancreatitis ✔✔elevated serum lipase level the nurse is caring for someone with PKD and there is flank pain and hematuria. bp is 120/80? ✔✔reningeotensin Which wbc count with differential is characteristic of a patient with a bacterial infection? ✔✔neutrophils with increased band The nurse is caring for a client with PKD, flank pain, and hematuria. Blood pressure of 180/100. Which pathophysiological process would support the high blood pressure? ✔✔renin angiotensin mechanism A client with chronic osteoarthritis is complaining of pain in the knee, what is happening? ✔✔Joint inflammation occurs chondrocyte injury destroys cartilage when osteophytes are produced involving MI and ventricular distress? ✔✔ST segment [Show More]

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