Portage Learning Microbiology Exam #1 Latest 2022 Already Passed

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Portage Learning Microbiology Exam #1 Latest 2022 Already Passed Microorganism ✔✔Single cell (bacteria, archaeons, fungi, protozoa, algae) Virus ✔✔Not living, not considered microorganisms,... considered microbes Microbes ✔✔Include microorganisms and viruses, can be advantageous or harmful Cell ✔✔Smallest, most basic biological unit of life All cells are compromised of ✔✔Macromolecules (building bloacks) Four main types of macromolecules found ing cells ✔✔Proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, and polysaccharides Proteins ✔✔Comprised of amino acids, facilitate movement of materials, act as enzymes to speed up biochemical processes, structural role Amino Acid ✔✔Way proteins are formed by varying combinations, 20 different kinds Each protein ✔✔has its own unique sequence of amino acids Essential Amino Acids ✔✔human body cannot produce them, they must be taken in from the environment through other sources (food you eat) Nucleic Acid ✔✔chemical molecules that carry genetic information within the cell Two types of nucleic acids ✔✔DNA and RNA DNA ✔✔deoxyribonucleic acid, contains vast amount of hereditary info and is responsible for the inheritable characteristics of living organisms, made from nucleotides RNA ✔✔ribonucleic acid, responsible for deciphering the hereditary information in DNA and using it to synthesize proteins Can DNA and RNA be found in the nucleus? ✔✔Yes Can DNA and RNA leave the nucleus? ✔✔Only RNA. DNA is highly compact in the nucleus Three parts of a nucleotide ✔✔Nitrogenous base, sugar called deoxyribose, and a phosphate group Four kinds of nitrogenous bases ✔✔Adenine or guanine (purine bases) and cytosine or thymine (pyrimidine bases) What forms the backbone of a DNA strand? ✔✔Sugar and phosphate What base protrudes outward from the deoxyribose sugar? ✔✔Nitrogenous base Strands from DNA produce a ✔✔double helix (two strands held together by hydrogen bonding) Adenine and Thymine ✔✔Complimentary bases, form two hydrogen bonds Guanine and Cytosine ✔✔Complimentary bases, form three hydrogen bonds RNA contains the _____ ribose rather than deoxyribose ✔✔Sugar [Show More]

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