U.S. Government & Civics Cumulative Exam Latest 2022/2023 Graded A+

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U.S. Government & Civics Cumulative Exam Latest 2022/2023 Graded A+ US Supreme Court ✔✔Highest court in the land (US). It is part of the federal judiciary branch. There are 9 members (justices)... . Judiciary Branch ✔✔the federal court system interpreting laws ✔✔the power of the judicial branch landmark cases ✔✔The nation is dramatically affected by decisions in these cases. Korematsu v. United States (1944) ✔✔This case ruled that when the nation is at war some constitutional rights can be suspended. Miranda v. Arizona (1966) ✔✔the Supreme Court overturned the conviction of Miranda because he had not been informed of his rights prior to his confession. Writ of Habeas Corpus ✔✔The detention and arrest of an accused person must be justified by the government. 8th Amendment ✔✔Bans cruel and unusual punishment; it limits punishment. federal bureaucracy ✔✔The system of connected agencies, employees, and commisssions that make up the national government. Three main responsibilities of agencies & commissions ✔✔implementation, administration, and regulation Federal Communications Commission ✔✔A regulatory commission to make sure all standards & laws are followed. National Security Council ✔✔Advises the president on matters of national security Cabinet ✔✔The president's 16 member advisory body whose purpose is to advise the president on any subject needed. vice president ✔✔If something happens to the president that stops him from fulfilling his duties, the vice president steps in to fulfill the role of president. Roles of the President of the United States ✔✔head of state, chief executive, commander in chief of armed forces State of the Union ✔✔The annual public address given by the president. bicameral ✔✔Congress is made up of 2 houses: the Senate and the House of Representatives What determines the number of representatives each state gets in the House of Representatives? ✔✔The more people that live in a state, the more representatives the state gets bill ✔✔a document that suggests a new law Who can suggest bills to be written & passed into laws? ✔✔The president, the Senate & House of Representatives (Congress), & individual citizens Impeachment power ✔✔A check Congress has over both the judicial and executive branches Amendments ✔✔These are the changes made to the US Constitution; Most proposed amendments do not pass. 19th Amendment ✔✔Women given the right to vote. Susan B. Anthony argued for it based on the 14th amendment saying people must be treated equally. 10th Amendment ✔✔Protects the powers of state governments supreme law of the land ✔✔The laws set forth in the United States Constitution are superior to any state laws. Three branches of government ✔✔allows for separation of powers by dividing the government into legislative, executive, and judicial branches. Anti-Federalists ✔✔Wrote essays explaining their opposition to ratification of the Constitution. The Great Compromise ✔✔Compromise between New Jersey & Virginia plans that led to a bicameral congress (2 houses). Small states like NJ wanted all states to have the same number of representatives. Big states like Virginia wanted representation based on population. US Constitution ✔✔Gives legislative branch power to make laws. Gives executive branch power to enforce laws. Gives judicial branch power to interpret laws. Preamble ✔✔Introduces the US Constitution. Gives purpose, intention for a single united government, & power comes from the people. Patriotic ✔✔Enthusiastic support for one's country and way of life Articles of Confederation ✔✔It had little power; weak central government Northwest Ordinance of 1787 ✔✔It stopped slavery from spreading to the Northwest territory. Iroquois Constitution ✔✔This influenced the Declaration of Independence by describing how several groups could work together under a single government. First Continental Congress ✔✔It suggested that colonists boycott British goods in 1774 to protest unfair taxes & the Intolerable Acts. Glorious Revolution of 1688 ✔✔This ended the Dominion of New England in the American colonies. Baron de Montesquieu ✔✔Enlightenment philosopher with the idea for government to be divided into three branches (to divide power). Magna Carta ✔✔Introduced the idea of writing human rights into law. Mayflower Compact ✔✔Original example of the American value of self-government Who was allowed to vote in Athenian society? ✔✔All citizens were allowed to vote. Emperor Justinian ✔✔He reviewed Roman laws & created a more efficient legal system; got rid of outdated & repetitive laws. [Show More]

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